MASTER 
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NO.  95-82347- 5 


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Author: 


National  Lumber 

Manufacturers 


The  American  lumber 
industry 

Place: 

Chicago 

Date: 

1912 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DIVISION 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 

ORIQINAL  MATERIAL  AS  FILMED  -  EXISTING  BIBUOGRAPHIC  RECORD 


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National  lionber  inanufaoturers*  association* 

The  imerioan.  luniber  industzy  •  •  •  Chieago«  1912* 
238  p*    diagrs.^  tables*    24  am* 

"Official  report.  Tenth  annual  convention. 
National  lumber  manufacturers'  association,  held 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  May  seven  and  eight,  nineteen 
hundred  and  twelve*" 


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AMERIC 


LUMBER  INDUSIHY 


mm 


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Cidmnlna  IBnitftTOitp 


Mil  II 


LIBRARY 


School  of  Business 


The  American 
Lumber  Industry 


F«VMt  Con— nratioa 

Lumbermen  and  Wood-Using  Industri— 
Workmen's  Compensation 

Fire  Hasard  Attack  on  L'uabor 
TIm  Tnwt  QmsImb 
h^hMtrial  Co  opomtSon 
Lumber  Prices 

Cut  -over  Land  Development 


•  ••••••.»    » » 

•  »«(  .       *        *       4       t    t  9 


•    «  • 


O  F  F  I  q  I  A  L  REPORT 
TEFjTH;  4»NI?M.QQNVlENTIOII 
NATIONAL  LUMBER  MANU- 
FACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, 
Held  in  CINCINNATI.  OHIO, 
May  Seven  and  Eight,  NinetMtt 
Humired  and  Twelve.    •    .    .  . 


CHICAGO    ::     ::    NINETEEN  TWELVE 


PUBLISHED  ftsf  AUTEOMITT 
of  the  NATIONAL  LUMBBB 
MANUFACTUBEBS'  ASSOCI- 
ATION 

By  LEONARD  BEONSON,  Mgr. 

OmOAOO  STOCK  KXCHANGE  BLDQ. 

* »     •    .    •  ^  •  •   »    »      •   ,'  . 

.   .   f  ■       ;  '1 

PBICE    ONE  DOLLAB 

>  ■   .  ' 


House  of  Bttre(i«it»ti^«® 


APR  12  1934 


CONTENTS 

FIRST  SESSION 

PAGE 


Opening  of  Tenth  Annual  Convention   11 

Invocation    11 

WSLOOMS  on  Bshalt  of  the  Habdwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of 

THE  United  States,  by  W.  E.  DxLanst,  President   12 

WELOOMX  on  BEHAIiF  of  THE  LUMBERMEN'S  ClUB  OF  CINCINNATI,  BY  CHARLES 

F.  Shiels,  President   13 

Bbsponse  to  Amobsses  of  Welcome,  by  Pbbsident  EvratBrr  G.  Griggs   13 

Inter- Association  Bslations,  by  F.  E.  Parker   15 

Boll  Call   16 

Annual  Adskbss  of  the  President,  EvEBSTt  G.  Griggs   18 

Beport  of  Manager — ^Leonard  Bronson.   29 

Report  of  Secretary — Georgf:  K.  Smith   52 

Appointment  of  Committees   55 

Report  of  Conservation  Committee,  by  J.  B.  White   57 

Report  of  Workmen's  Compensation  Committee,  by  Paul  E.  Page   60 

Proposed  Railroad  Weighing  Reforms,  by  R.  M.  Carrier  and  A.  T.  Gerrans  67 

Concentration  and  Milling-in-Transit  Rates   69 

Report  of  Committee  on  Classification  Wood  Boxes,  by  M.  B.  Nelson.  ...  72 
Report  of  Committee  on  Memorial  to  J.  E.  Defebaugh — L.  K.  Baker, 

Chairman;  C.  A.  Bigelow,  Secretary   76 

S£COND  SESSION 

Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States,  by  W.  E. 

DrLaney    7» 

Thi  Trust  Question  as  Bslatino  to  the  LuMsrat  Industry,  by  Charles 

a  Keith   85 

Beport  of  Advertising  Committee,  by  A.  T.  Gerrans  118 

Beport  on  National  Chamber  of  Commerce,  by  H<Mt!ioN  COrwin,  Jr  121 

BiP(«T  on  National  Chamber  of  (^ommxrcs,  by  Joseph  N.  Teal   122 

Thb  Nobthxbn  Hemlock  ft  Hardwood  Hahufacturers'  Association,  by 

B.  S.  Kellogg    127 

BiPOST  OF  THE  TRSASURER-nJ.  A.  FREEMAN   136 

North  Carolina  Pine  Association,  by  Hobton  Goewin,  Jr   139 

Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association,  by  Bruob  Osida.  141 


THIRD  SESSION 

YlLLOW  PiNB  Manxttaotubiu'  ASSOCIATIONi  bt  Saicuil  J.  GABPWrm  150 

SOVTHBHT  GmOSS  MlMUrAOTUmi'  ASSOCaATiON,  BY  BOBKBT  H.  DOWHXAN.  157 
WB8VBBN  Bra  MANUrAOltniBS'  A880CUT10N,  BT  A.  W.  GOOPER  158 

West  Coast  Lumbbb  Manufaotubbbs'  Association,  bt  Eyebett  G.  Gbioos.  .  160 

WOBKMEN'S    OOlCFBKBAfflON    AMD   EMPIiOTBS'    LIABIUTT,   BT   GBOBOB  X. 

Wendlino    164 

FiBE  Hazard  Attack  on  Lumber,  by  George  H.  Holt   171 

PiREPROOFiNO  Forest  Products,  by  W.  A.  Gilchrist   183 

Men  or  Trees!  The  Problem  op  Our  LoGOED-Orp  Lands,  by  J.  J.  Donovan  185 

The  Lumbermen  and  Wood-Using  Industries,  by  McGarvey  Clinb   189 

The  American  Forestry  Association,  by  P.  S.  Eidsdale   200 

The  American  Wood  Preservers*  Association,  by  E.  A.  Steruno   203 

Report  op  Auditing  Committee,  by  C.  A.  Barton,  Chairman   206 

Report  op  Resolutions  Committee   209 

Report  of  Nominating  Comittee,  by  S.  J.  Carpenter,  Chairman   213 

Report  of  Credentials  Committee,  by  Lewis  Doster,  Chairman   214 

Election  op  Board  of  Governors   214 

Amendments  to  Constitution  anb  Bt*Laws  215 

Delegate  Attendance   220 

Attendance  228 

ALPHABBTIC4L  InDBZ  OF  SPBAKBBB  227 

ALPHABinOAL  SUBJBCT  IlVBBZ  •  229 


PURPOSES  OF  THE  NATIONAL  LUMBER  ' 


MANUFACTURERS'  ASSOCIATION 

(Excerpt  from  the  Constitution) 

FIRST — To  promote  uniformity  in  the  methods  of  manufacture 
and  sale  of  lumber. 

SECOND — To  unify  as  far  as  possible  conflicting  interests  and 
eliminate  those  elements  of  friction  that  have  so  long  served  as  a  barrier 
to  the  elevation  of  the  trade  to  that  high  plane  of  dignity  and  useful- 
ness to  which  its  importance  entitles  it. 

THIRD — To  gather  and  disseminate  reliable  statistics  showing  the 
annual  production  and  consumption  of  the  various  kinds  of  lumber 
manufactured  in  this  country,  co-operating  with  and  aiding  other  asso- 
ciations along  this  line. 

FOURTH — To  gather,  compile  and  distribute  information  as  to 
general  trade  conditions  in  lumber  and  kindred  interests  throughout  the 
country. 

FIFTH — To  take  up  for  discussion  and  action  any  and  <dl  ques- 
tions of  mutual  interest  that  are  National  in  their  character  and  applica- 
tion, lecnmg  to  the  territorial  associations  for  final  adjudications  those 
matters  and  questions  peculiar  to  their  respective  localities. 

SI XTH'-To  strengthen  the  bonds  of  fellowship  and  inculcate  more 
friendly  relations  among  those  engaged  in  the  same  calling  and  occupa- 
tion, whose  interests  are  common  and  lie  along  almost  parallel  lines,  and 
for  the  uplifting  of  our  industry  to  which  many  of  the  manufcu:turers 
are  giving  the  best  efforts  of  their  lives. 


7 


NATIONAL  LUMBER  MANUFACTURERS' 

ASSOCIATION 


1911 

Affilktad  Ataodatioiis 

KoMBUN  Pins  Manuyactubies'  Associatiok. 

NoBVHiBN  Hbmlook  k  Haiswood  MANUFAcnmiBS'  Association. 

MlGBMAN  HAXDWOOD  UAJStJJWAOnmMMB'  ASSOOIAXION. 

HAmwo(m  Manotactueies'  Associatioh  of  ths  Unitid  States. 
KOBSB  Caeouna  Pine  Association  (inc.). 
GsoEGiA-FuttiDA  Saw  Mill  Association  (inc.). 
Yellow  Pine  MANurACTUREKS '  Association. 
Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers  '  Association. 
Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association. 
Pacific  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association. 
Southwestern  Washington  Lumber  Manufactueees'  AssooAnoN. 
Bedwood  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Pacific  Coast  Sugae  &  Whitb  Pine  Manufactdems'  AssooAiiOir. 


PiismENT— E.  G.  Grigos  Taeoma,  Waah. 

First  Vice-President— R.  H.  Vansant  Ashland,  Ky. 

Second  Vice-President— J.  B.  Conrad  Glenwood,  Fla. 

Third  Vice  President— R.  H.  Downman  New  Orleans,  La. 

Treasurer— J.  A.  Freeman  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Manager — ^Leonard  Bronson  Tacoma,  Waah. 

Secretary — George  K.  Smith  St«  Louis,  Mo. 

Board  of  Ijovcrnoci 

William  Ieyine  Chippewa  Palls,  Wis. 

W.  a  Landon  Wausau,  Wis. 

C.  A.  BmKUm  •  Bay  City,  Mich. 

B.  M.  Carrier  Sardis,  Miss. 

John  M.  Gibbs  Norfolk,  Va. 

F.  E.  Waymjer  •  Pauway,  Fla. 

J.  B.  White  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

A.  T.  Gerrans  Houma,  La. 

J.  P.  McGoldrick  Spokane,  Wash. 

J.  H.  Bloedel  BeUingham,  Wish. 

W.  C.  Miles  Globe,  Wash. 

D.  E.  Skinnke    fitaui  Itedseo,  GaL 

Gsoege  X  WiHDLiNO  8mi  Uriiicisco,  OeL 

Edwabd  Hmis  («N#flto).....  Ciiiico,  ID. 

8 


NATIONAL  LUMB£R  MANUFACTURERS' 

ASSOCIATION 

1912 

Affiliated  Associatioiis 

NoBseHEEN  Pins  MANUFAcrnEBEs'  Association. 

NoBXBBEN  Hemlock  is  Haedwood  MANurAcruEBEs'  Association. 

MiCHioAN  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Haedwood  Manufacturers  '  Association  of  the  UNrna>  States. 

North  Carolina  Pine  Association  (inc.). 

Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mill  Association  (inc). 

Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association. 

West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Pacific  Coast  Sugab  &  White  Pins  Manutactuebes'  Association. 


Officers 

Pebsidbnv— E.  G.  Qeigos  Tacoma,  Wash. 

FntST  yiOB-PBSSiDENT>-B.  H.  Yansant  Aidiland,  Ky. 

Second  Yici-PBisDmNT-nJ.  B.  GOnead  Olwawood,  Fbu 

Thied  YiGB-FEEsmENT— B.  H.  Downman  New  Orleans,  La. 

TEBASTOSE-nJ.  A.  Fesbman  TaeoBiay  Wadu 

Manages — Leonard  Bronson  Qiieago,  IH. 

Seobbtabt— Obob^  K.  Smith  St.  Lonl^  Mo. 


Board  of  Governors 

William  Irvine  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis. 

W.  C.  Landon  Wausau,  Wis. 

C.  A.  BiGELOW  Bay  City,  Mich. 

W.  A.  Gilchrist  Memphis,  Tenn. 

John  M.  Gibbs  Norfolk,  Va. 

P.  E.  Waymer  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

J.  B.  White  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

A.  T.  Gbibans  Houma,  La. 

B.  M.  Habt  Coeur  d'Alene,  Ida. 

L.  J.  WsMTWOEsa  PorOaiid,  Ore. 

Gbobob  X  Wbnoung  Saa  Fraiieifleo,  OaL 

BDWAtt  mam  (m^i^)  Clifcago,  HL 

9 


FIRST  SESSION 


« 


Tuesday  Porciioon,  May  7,  1912 

The  Tenth  Annual  Convention  of  the  National  Lumber  Alanu- 
facturers'  Association  was  held  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  May  7  and  8. 
1912,  at  the  Hotel  Sinton,  under  the  chairmanship  of  President  Everett 
G.  Griggs,  of  Tacoma,  Wash. 

The  first  session  was  called  to  order  by  President  Gri^  shortly 
after  ten  o'clock  a.  m.,  who  introduced  Rev.  Charies  F.  Goss,  pastor  of 
the  Avoadale  Presbyterian  Church,  who  offered  tl»  folbwing  prayer : 

Invoemtioa 

Help  us,  Thy  servants,  now  Oh  Lord,  our  God,  to  give  expression 
in  some  way  to  the  deeper  thoughts  and  feelings  in  die  hearts  of  these 
men.  It  has  seemed  good  for  diem  to  set  aside  a  moment  for  prayer 
and  meditation  upon  those  great  obligatiotis  which  rest  npoa  aU  men 
in  life. 

We  pray  that  now  they  may  give  this  moment  of  serious  thought 
to  these  great  duties  which  God  has  called  them  to  perform.  We  can 
hear  them  in  their  own  hearts  thanking  Thee,  our  Heavenly  Father, 
that  Thou  hast  given  them  a  place  in  the  world  of  bumness,  a  place  to 
struggle  in,  to  win  bread  for  their  families,  and  to  exert  an  influence 
upon  their  fellows. 

We  can  hear  diem  dianking  Thee  diat  this  work  lies  in  the  domain 
where  their  activities  are  daily  called  upon  in  the  great  world  of  wood 
work ;  and.  Our  Father,  we  thank  Thee  for  them  that  this  great  busi- 
ness calls  out  all  the  energies  of  their  lives  and  that  through  it  diey 
fulfil  such  valuable  results  in  hvaxan  life. 

We  pray  that  while  they  struggle  with  diese  great  re^Kmsibilities, 
diese  great  affairs,  diey  may  give  dieh-  serious  diought  and  attention 
to  that  which  is  of  even  greater  value  than  the  world  of  business,  that 
diey  may  not  forget  the  world  of  sentiment  and  feeling.  Help  them 
to  remember  that  besides  the  material  world  with  which  they  deal  they 
have  in  them  elements  of  mystery,  of  romance  and  of  charm,  and  in 
no  callmg  more  so  than  in  dieirs.  Help  diem  always  to  carry  recol- 
lections of  die  tender  feelings  of  childhood  as  di^  kx*  up^m  a  tree 

II 


12         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

and  rcniember  the  old  tree  under  which  they  lay  and  dreamed  as  boys, 
where  they  heard  the  first  bird  sing,  where  the  swings  hung  low,  and 
there  was  so  much  that  happened  to  touch  the  imagination  and  the 
heart  of  childhood ;  and  Oh  Lord,  help  them  to  be  sensitive  to  the 
mystery  and  charm  of  life  and  always  keep  their  feelings  and  their 
hearts  young,  even  in  the  intense  struggles  of  life,  even  in  the  great 
battles  of  life  where  we  are  opposed  by  what  seems  to  us  at  times 
ahnost  irresistible  obstacles. 

Now,  our  Heavenly  Father,  give  these  men  more  courage  for  life, 
give  them  kindly  hearts,  and  help  them  to  deal  f akly  with  each  other 
and  with  all  men.  Help  them  to  take  their  part  in  all  the  activities  of 
this  great  world,  and  always  and  everywhere  to  obey  Our  Heavenly 
Father  in  this,  their  work,  for  Jesus'  sake.  Amen. 

President  Griggs  :  Gentlemen,  I  understand  we  are  doubly  for- 
tunate today  in  being  booked  for  a  double  welcome,  Mr.  W.  E.  DeLaney, 
of  Cincinnati,  President  of  the  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association 
of  the  United  States,  and  Mr.  Shiels,  President  of  the  Cincinnati  Lum- 
bermen's Club,  having  agreed  to  divide  this  honor  between  them. 
Mr.  DeLaney  is  a  lumberman,  and  in  behalf  of  his  association  will 
welcome  the  convention  to  Cincinnati. 

Address  of  Welcome 

BY  W.  E.  DE  LANEY^  OF  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen :  As  you  have  met  in  the  territory 

of  the  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States,  I, 
as  President,  have  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  you.  Were  it  not  for 
the  fact  that  some  of  us  are  broke,  and  some  of  us  flooded,  there 
would  be  more  of  us  here  this  morning  to  greet  you. 

I  believe  it  has  been  customary  for  the  mayor  of  the  city  to 
welcome  lumber  conventbns,  and  turn  over  the  keys  of  the  city  to 
them.  I  have  no  official  power  of  that  sort;  but  if  the  press  of  this 
country  is  to  believed  you  are  a  k)t  of  porch-climbers  anyhow,  and  do 
not  need  any  keys.  I  might  say  to  you,  however,  that  if  there  are  any 
of  you  here  that  want  anything,  and  cannot  find  it,  we  will  try  and  find 

the  keys  for  you. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  we  might  show  our  appreciation  of 
your  meeting  here  by  some  sort  of  an  innovatkm,  and  that  perhaps  the 
best  thing  to  do  would  be  to  construct  a  scorf^•board,  that  you  may  be 
able  to  get  the  details  of  the  ball  game  this  afternoon  without  leaving 


Address  of  Welcome 


13 


the  convention  floor.  The  President  heartily  concurs  in  that  suggestion. 

I  am  not  very  strong  on  this  welcoming  business,  but  we  have  a 
gentleman  here  who  is  a  real  welcomer,  and  I  fed  sure  that  after  he 
gets  through  you  will  feel  that  you  are  among  your  friends.  This 
gentleman  has  the  honor  of  representing  the  first  lumbermen's  club  in 
this  country  who  took  for  their  policy  "a  square  deal."  There  is  not 
a  manufacturer  but  feels  that  he  can  ship  lumber  to  this  market  with 
perfect  safety.  If  he  has  any  grievance  or  thinks  that  he  has  been 
treated  unfairly  by  a  buyer  here,  our  Lumbermen's  Club  will,  upon 
request,  settle  the  question  through  their  Arbitration  Committee,  and 
every  member  of  the  Club  is  bound  to  abide  by  that  dedsicm.  I  have 
the  honor  to  introduce  to  you  Mr.  Shiels,  who  was  last  night  elected  to 
the  Presidency  of  the  Cincinnati  Lumbermen's  Qub.  [Applause.] 

Address  of  Welcome 

BY  CHARLES  F.  SHIELS,  OF  CINaNNATI,  OHIO 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Naticmal  Lumber  Mamufac- 
turers'  Association :  It  is  my  honor  this  morning  to  welcome  you  to 
our  city  in  behalf  of  our  local  Lumbermen's  Qub.   We  of  Cincinnati 

have  grown  so  accustomed  to  having  strangers  within  our  gates  that 
it  is  very  seldom  that  we  now  offer  our  guests  the  keys  of  the  city,  for 
as  Mr.  DeLaney  has  just  told  you,  our  stock  of  keys  is  completely 
exhausted.  But  anticipatii^  this  emergency,  I  want  to  tell  you  gentle- 
men that  we  have  had  the  gates  of  the  city  taken  from  the  hinges,  and 
if  it  becomes  necessary  for  any  of  you  gentlemen  to  find  the  ball  park, 
or  any  other  place  in  our  city,  we  will  make  it  exceedingly  easy  for  you, 
both  of  ingress  and  egress,  and  the  way  will  be  broad  for  you  to  get 
back  again. 

Gentlemen,  I  am  not  going  to  take  up  any  more  of  your  valuable 
time  this  morning,  and  will  close  by  wishing  you  all  a  pleasant  and 
profitable  session.  [Applause.] 

Respcmse  to  Addresses  of  Wdcome 

BY  PRESIDENT  EVERETT  G.  GRIGGS,  OF  TACOMA,  WASH. 

I  think  that  one  mistake  that  has  been  made  by  the  National  Lum- 
ber Manufacturers'  Association  is  the  fact  that  instead  of  appropriating 
$100,000  for  the  School  of  Forestry  we  should  have  appropriated  about 
$ioo/xx>  for  a  School  of  Oratory.  Ever  since  I  have  been  elevated 


14         Nauonai,  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

to  the  position  of  Presidoit  I  have  been  chasing  around  the  country 
receiving  and  talking  to  delegations,  addressing  conventions,  and  really 
I  l»ve  Mt  at  times  that  I  cotild  hardly  fill  the  bill,  for  you  know  the 
ordinary  sawmill  man  of  the  country  does  a  great  deal  of  his  addressing 
by  making  signs — it  is  this  way,  or  this  way ;  but  very  often  when  I 
found  that  I  was  billed  to  address  a  convention  I  could  generally  find 
some  one  of  the  members  of  our  organization  who  would  substitute  for 
me  and  enable  me  in  that  way  to  meet  the  situaticMi. 

I  have  a  place  assigned  me  later  on  the  program,  and  do  not  want 
to  take  up  too  much  of  your  time  now  in  responding  to  the  very  cordial 
welcome  that  has  been  doubly  extended  to  us.  I  do  want  to  say, 
however,  that  ever  since  the  subject  was  broached  of  coming  to  Cin- 
cinnati I  have  been  in  hearty  sympathy  with  it.  I  think  it  was  Mr. 
Gerrans  who  said,  when  the  matter  was  up  in  the  Board  meeting,  that 
if  a  ball  game  were  going  to  be  played  at  Cincinnati  while  we  were 
here  he  would  vote  in  favor  of  the  assodaticm  hdding  its  convention 
in  this  city. 

Now  we  have  gathered  and  we  have  got  the  ball  team  here.  Mr. 
DcLaney,  in  his  address  of  welcome,  said  that  if  necessary,  in  order  to 
our  better  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  convention,  he  would  have  a 
scoreboard  put  up  here  on  the  stage  so  that  we  could  keep  in  touch 
with  what  Ac  "Reds"  were  doing.  I  have  felt,  however,  that  we  were 
here  for  very  serious  work;  and  one  thing  that  appeals  to  trie  more 
than  anything  else  particularly  is  that  while  coming  into  the  city  yester- 
day, after  five  days  of  sleeping  on  the  car,  from  the  other  side  of  the 
Rocky  mountains,  it  seemed  like  reaching  home  to  strike  Cincinnati. 
As  we  came  along  into  the  city  I  heard  the  buzz  of  the  saw  mill,  and 
the  buzz  of  a  saw  mill  to  a  lumberman  always  sounds  good.  I  *hkA^ 
when  we  leave  here  that  wc  will  fed  that  it  has  been  a  good  place  to 
come  to. 

If  any  of  these  wandering  lumbermen  requires  the  key  of  the  city, 
I  should  only  suggest  that  somebody  buy  it  for  him  and  charge  it  up  to 

the  advertising  fund. 

Now,  gentlemen,  we  have  Mr.  Parker,  the  President  of  the 
Naticmal  Wholesale  Lumber  Dealers'  Assodation,  and  I  want  to  deviate 
from  tfie  program  to  the  extent  of  askii^  him  to  address  ^ht  convention 
before  we  proceed  with  the  r^:ular  order  of  business. 


Inter-Association  Relations 


IS 


Inter-Asaociation  Relations 

BY  F.  E.  PARKER^  OF  SAGINAW,  MICH. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Convention:  I  am  not  an 
orattM-.  In  fact,  I  think  I  am  in  a  class  far  behind  Mr.  Griggs,  as  you 
will  easily  admit  when  I  get  through.  But  I  am  indeed  very  much 
pleased  to  come  here  and  to  represent  the  National  Wholesale  Lumber 
Dealers'  Association. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  state  at  this  time  the  very  kindly 
relations  existing  between  your  association  and  our  association  in  tte 
many  mutual  undertakings  in  which  we  are  now  engaged.  I  bdieve 
that  there  was  never  a  time  when  assodatkm  work  was  so  important, 
when  the  average  individual  ktmberman,  be  he  manufacturer,  or  be  he 
wholesaler,  needed  the  offices  of  this  association  as  much  as  he  does 
today;  and  I  feel  that  every  man,  whether  he  be  a  manufacturer  or 
wholesaler,  who  is  outside  of  the  association  is  not  doing  his  part,  and 
is  a  parasite  and  a  shirk,  for,  while  he  is  deriving  a  great  and  indirect 
benefit,  he  is  not,  on  the  other  hand,  reciprocating  by  doing  his  fair 
share  of  the  work. 

Now  first,  in  regard  to  the  relations  between  the  National  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association  and  the  National  Wholesale  Lumber 
Dealers'  Association,  we  rather  bow  to  you  as  the  first  association, 
being  the  manufacturers,  the  next  in  gradation  being  the  wholesalers, 
and  the  third  the  retailers.  I  would  like  to  see  these  reciprocal  rda* 
tions  between  the  manufacturer  and  the  wholesaler  existing  all  the 
way  down  the  line,  so  that  in  the  handling  of  the  many  matters  of 
great  importance  to  lumbermen  throughout  the  country  the  work  could 
be  carried  along  in  unison  and  in  harmony,  and  I  feel  sure  that  thereby 
better  relations  could  be  assured  and  enjoyed. 

ETHICS  OF  THE  LUMBER  TRADE 

I  wish  to  speak  briefly  on  the  ethics  of  the  lumber  trade.  Today, 
in  the  oomplicated  business  situation  which  has  arisen  from  govern- 
mental supervision  and  corporate  control,  and  various  other  complica- 
tions, the  lumbermen  at  the  present  time  stand  subject  to  closer  inspec- 
tion, to  more  acute  criticism,  too  often  unfair — criticism  such  as  he 
does  not  deserve  in  my  opinkm ;  for  I  am  strongly  of  the  opimon  that 
the  ethics  of  the  lumber  trade  today  are  Oian  ever  before,  and 

that  we  stand  weU  in  the  fixMit  meks  fay  eon^arisoci  with  all  the  other 
husineises.  [Applause.] 


i6         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


Standing  as  I  do  between  the  manufacturer  and  the  retailer; 
standing  as  our  association  does  between  the  manufacturer  and 
retailer,  we  feel  that  the  ethics  of  the  manufacturer  and  of  the  retailer 
are  in  close  harmony  with  those  of  the  wholesaler. 

Now  if  we  are  going  to  keep  our  good  name  wc  have  got  to  work 
together  in  these  laige  associations  to  see  that  we  get  fair  play,  whidi 
in  my  opinxm,  wc  have  not  gotten  so  far.  I  think  you  will  all  agree 
widi  me  in  this  statement. 

In  conclusion,  gentlemen,  although  my  stop  here  is  very  short,  I 
feel  fully  repaid  for  coming  here  and  meeting  this  very  fine  delegation 
of  men.  I  hope  that  we  will  have  a  good  attendance  of  your  members 
at  the  next  convention  of  our  Wholesalers'  association.  I  hope  your 
very  fine  President  will  pay  us  a  visit  at  that  time,  and  wc  will  try  to 
do  evefytiiiog  in  our  power  to  make  it  pleasant  for  him.  [Applause.] 

PiBSii^NT  GiiGGS:  The  Secretary  will  call  the  roll  of  the 
Affiliated  Associations. 

IMlCall 

Secbbtabt  Sioth:   I  would  like  to  aik  if  the  variona  detegates  h&n,  irkok 

the  roll  is  called,  will  state  who  are  here  representing  eaeh  M^Aftitiftni  We  hmve 
the  names,  but  it  might  be  of  interest  to  all  present  if  someone  in  the  delegation 
could  rise  and  give  us  a  memorandum  of  the  number  of  delegates  we  have  from 
each  organization.  I  will  now  call  the  roll  of  the  flffmiatioM  •«Kfi^  with  the 
National,  as  follows: 

Weatern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association 
Preaent.  One  delegate. 
Sontheni  Cypreaa  liannfaetaiera'  Aaaoeiation 
PraMBt.  One  delegate. 
Hardwood  Kannfactiiran'  Aaaoeiation  of  the  United  Btatea 

Pnaent  Sis  deiegataa. 
meUgaa  Hardwood  Maaaftetorera'  a— .^t%a 
Preaent  delegatea. 
Korthetn  Hvnlock     Hardwood  Manufaetnrera'  A,ii^yt^ff^ 

Present.   Four  delegates. 
Northern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Aaaoeiation 
Present.   Ten  delegates. 
Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association 

Present.    Seventeen  delegates. 
North  Caroline  Pine  Association  (Inc.) 
Present.    Six  delegates. 
West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Aesociation 
Preaent.   Two  delegates. 


PbBSII»NT's  ADDtBSS 


17 


Pacific  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Aaaoeiation 

(No  response  at  this  time.) 
Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mill  Association  (Inc.)  * 
Present.  Four  delegates. 

President  Griggs  :  In  accordance  with  the  program,  the  address 
of  the  President  follows,  which,  with  your  permission,  I  will  now  read: 


Address  of  President  BfWMt  6.  Griggs 


Ten  years  ago,  on  December  lo,  1902,  this  assodation  was  CMrgan- 

ized.  We  are  now  celebrating  its  decennial  and  are  confronted  by  so 
many  national  problems  that  our  future  discloses  opportunities  more 
absorbing  than  our  past  accomplishments. 

It  must  indeed  be  a  source  of  gratification  to  the  founders  of  this 
assoGtttioii  to  realise  the  ooiiibi»ed  strength  of  tis  affiliated  membership 
and  fed  that  as  a  nadonal  body  we  can  daim  presidential  recognition, 
senatorial  courtesy  and  congressional  investigation.  Composed,  as  we 
now  are,  of  nearly  a  dozen  affiliated  associations  of  1,000  members,  and 
an  annual  capacity  of  sixteen  billion  feet,  we  represent  the  combined 
capacity  of  the  lumber  producing  districts  of  the  entire  United  States. 

When  you  realtae  that  in  1910  the  Bureau  of  Census  con^Ued 
statistics  from  31,934  active  saw  mUls,  otttiog  4O/>i8»a80/xx>  feet  of 
lumber,  3494,718,000  ladi  and  12,976,362^000  shingles,  you  begin  to 
appreciate  what  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  seems  finally 
to  have  discovered  and  so  haltingly  announces  that  there  is  no  lumber 
trust. 

(»GANIZATION  UNITED 

We  have  a  business  organization  capable  of  doing  what  it  has 
inaugurated  in  the  past,  a  great  national  work  in  uplifting  an  industry 
that  concerns  a  vast  army  of 


m 

tfu^  aflPects  the  entire  country,  federal  and  state  alike. 

During  the  past  year  your  President  has  been  confronted  with 
some  problems  of  membership,  but  I  am  pleased  to  report  all  have  been 
satisfactorily  adjusted.  The  membership  is  united  and  active.  On  the 
Coast  we  have  formed  the  West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Asso- 
ciatkm,  absorbing  thre^  others,  and  vigcmiusly  sappotting  the  NatkMiaL 
There  is  a  confidence  expressed  throdgfaout  our  wff'y^^CTtfilp  in  our 
honest  efforts  to  accompli^  real  beneficial  results  for  the  entire  lumber 
fraternity.  We  must  look  beyond  the  individual  membership  and  com- 
pass in  our  work  the  entire  industry  and  even  those  outsiders  who  prey 
upon  the  combined  efforts  of  others,  profiting  but  not  subscribing. 

Radical  steps  were  necessary  during  my  incumbency  but  your 

18 


PunsBirr's  Asonss  if 

Board  has  been  unanimous  in  its  recomwiendatwns  and  appiedative  of 
the  difficulties  encouirtered.  I  can  only  say  that  I  bring  yon  today  a 
united  organiiatran,  Hii^ed  together  for  the  common  good,  and  true  to 
the  principles  that  called  it  into  being. 

GONFIDBNCE  OF  MBMBRBS  ESSENTIAL 

Associations  of  independent  business  organizations  must  of  a  cer- 
tainty pass  through  travail  and  trial  in  meeting  the  problems  of  the  day. 
If  it  is  awake  and  actively  alive  to  the  interests  of  its  members  it  will 
make  itself  felt.  Its  policies,  hud  down  by  its  oi^ianizers  and  inter- 
preted by  its  Board  of  GovenKxa,  may  not  always  be  approved  by  the 
indivkhnl  member^;  bm  the  work  of  die  National  assodatkm  in  its 
ten  years  has  been  an  epoch  in  association  work  and  every  member  may 
feel  proud  of  its  record. 

I  can  not  censure  too  strongly  the  efforts  of  publicity  seekers  to 
foist  upon  the  public  a  misinterpretatbn  of  the  work  of  the  Natkmal, 
and  a  narrowiqg  of  its  efforts  to  the  scope  of  the  individual 

If  we  as  an  assodatkm  do  not  tain  1^  the  cudgel  and  fight  for  our 
rigfats,  who  in  Heaven's  name  will?  If  we  are  to  reward  conscien- 
tbus  individual  effort  toward  the  betterment  of  our  associated  con- 
dition with  censure  and  distrust,  where  can  we  look  for  sacrificing 
personality?  The  success  of  this  association  is  not  determined  by  the 
men  who  occupy  the  honorary  positioas»  but  by  the  confidence  imposed 
in  it  by  its  entire  roembershq^. 

IBMOVAL  OF  THE  MANAGER'S  0¥WICE 

During  the  past  year,  and  immediately  on  suoceedii^  to  the  office 
of  President,  I  found  it  absolutely  necessary  to  recommend  to  die 
Board  the  removal  of  tiie  Manager's  headquarters  to  the  West,  where 
I  could  be  in  ck^e  toudi  with  the  organization.  At  the  end  of  a  year, 
and  by  that  same  authority  invested  in  me  by  the  Board,  after  launch- 
ing into  the  advertising  campaign,  and  being  unable  to  again  meet  the 
Board  before  this  annual  meeting,  I  authorized  Mr.  Bi^mson  to  again 
establish  his  office  in  Chicago,  where  he  could  conduct  die  ^^^ffyiatiffn 
ymk  and  be  in  toudi  widi  die  advertidng  committee. 

I  know  die  move  has  resulted  in  a  strong  supporting  flank  on  the 
West  Coast,  and  not  a  little  credit  is  due  both  the  Manager  and  our 
Treasurer,  Mr.  Freeman,  for  the  attitude  of  the  West  Coast 
manufacturer. 


20        National  Lumbbr  Manotactubbbs'  Associatiom 


The  frequent  exchange  of  ideas  and  the  necessity  of  famiHartring 
the  Nalioiial  with  the  cooditioiis  and  men  in  each  componeiit  part  is 
my  reason  for  masting  upon  at  least  occasional  visits  to  the  different 
a^odaticms  by  our  Manager. 

There  will  be  from  time  to  time  organizations  and  reorganizations, 
but  I  trust  the  lumbermen  will  ever  maintain  that  respect  for  the 
National  which  it  deserves  and  which  is  indicative  of  the  character  of 
the  men  who  founded  it.  No  matter  how  strong,  either  financially  or 
nnmerically,  the  individnal  associations,  there  is  still  that  great  field 
in  tibe  National  woric  that  can  only  be  filled  by  the  larger  organization. 
Maintain  it  at  all  hazards ;  it  will  prove  its  importance  in  the  years  to 
come,  and  it  will  survive  all  the  petty  disturbances  that  the  local 
associations  must  of  necessity  inflict  upon  it 

MAGNITUIXB  AND  DIVEBSITY  OF  LUlCUtt  INDUSTKY 

• 

We  are  concerned  in  the  welfare  of  an  industry  employing  the 
largest  body  of  laborers  in  the  United  States,  affecting  the  one  asset 
m  the  country  of  whidi  the  government  itself  is  ^  largest  individual 
owner,  permeating  in  its  ramificaticMis  all  the  conservation  theories  of 
the  day,  and  controlling  through  its  timbered  area  many  irrigation 
problems;  an  industry  furnishing  more  tonnage  which  concerns  the 
railroads  and  population  of  the  country  than  any  other. 

The  proper  utilizaticm  of  our  trees  can  only  be  brought  about  by 
naticmal  cooperation,  because  few  communities  where  timber  is  grow- 
ing can  utiMxe  tocally  the  enture  product  of  the  log.  Transportation 
problems  confront  us,  and  freight  rates  play  the  most  important  part 
in  the  disposition  of  our  product.  Every  day  new  problems  concern 
us  and  nationally  we  must  meet  them. 

I  have  asked  the  Manager  in  his  annual  report  to  cover  in  detail 
the  <^erations  of  the  past  year,  so  tliat  I  will  confine  my  rqiort  to 
generalittts. 

STATISTICAL  INFOKICATION 

In  the  work  of  the  association  I  had  in  mind  the  practical  working 
out  of  statistical  information  that  would  be  concise  and  accurate  and 
prompify  received  by  the  memb^^i^  while  it  was  of  value.  The 
Secretuy,  with  headquarters  at  St  Louis,  has  imktd  out  some  val- 
uable statistics,  which  will  grow  in  value  as  comparisons  can  be  made. 
To  be  of  better  service  it  is  only  necessary  for  the  membership  to 


21 


return  responses  promptly.  I  believe  we  are  on  the  road  to  securing 
data  that  will  be  of  the  utmost  value  to  the  assodatbn  and  statistical 
information  that  will  be  authentic.  We  hope  to  secure  in  time  a 
businesslike  inventory  of  our  timber  holdings  that  will  controvert  the 
alarming  assertions  of  the  timber  famine  bugaboo. 

With  the  now  defunct  reciprocity  and  its  attendant  waste  in  our 
own  log  operations,  the  estimate  of  standing  timber  would  be  very 
easily  modified.  Unless  we  can  find  a  market  for  the  etrtke  tree  the 
anxnmt  of  tunber  cut  to  the  acre  will  vary  tremendously  and  will 
nullify  all  estimates  of  standing  timber.  The  people  must  realize  that 
as  prices  advance,  timber  holdings  previously  unavailable  are  opened 
up,  and  with  higher  values  less  of  the  tree  is  wasted.  The  same 
devastation  takes  place  with  timber  that  has  taken  place  with  every 
surplus  nature  has  favored  us.  Timber  was  deared  to  malr^  isams, 
farms  sold  to  make  cities,  and  water  has  been  going  to  waste  for  years 
and  wiU  umil  the  popuktkm  warrants  tiie  investment  necessary  to 
harness  it 

LUMBER  TRUST  IMPOSSIBLE 

^  During  tfie  past  several  years  the  efforts  of  a  venal  press  and 
political  factions  to  establish  in  the  eyes  of  the  public  a  "lumber  trust" 
seemed  paramount.  It  would  take  the  genius  of  a  divinity  to  bring 
this  to  pass,  and  the  aggravatbns  of  the  lumber  bu»ness  do  not  breed 
this  kind  of  an  organizer. 

You  are  all  familiar  with  the  correspondence  which  has  been  made 
puMk  through  the  press  and  through  it  aU  must  realize  a  hidden 
purpose  to  harass  the  industry. 

It  is  nothing  less  than  criminal  to  aUow  ^  personalities  of  the 
tariff  issue  and  the  Senate  squabbles  to  poison  the  mmds  of  the  people 
•      ^l^h^T  lumber.    I  believe  that  political 

mtcrvicws  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  should  be  so  cen- 
sored that  no  injustice  could  be  done.  If  the  attitude  of  the  Adminis- 
tration  is  such  that  the  lumber  manufacturers  are  to  be  continuaUy 
misrepresented,  it  is  apparent  that  we  are  negligent  in  not  refuting 
these  statements  as  often  as  they  appear.  When  the  story  is  finaUy 
written  of  iht  tariff  fight,  the  reciprocity  campaign  and  the  free  pulp 
for  paper,  we  may  understand  the  attitude  of  politician  and  press.  I 
bdicvc  we  have  a  right  to  know  the  cost  to  the  government  of  this 
mvestigation  and  its  results. 


NAnowAL  Loiott  Manufactukbbs'  Associaiww 


tmamiax  fioneess  in  development 

No  wt  of  men  are  doing  more  for  the  development  of  our  ooantrv 
than  the  logger  and  lumbermen.   Pioneers  they  are,  and  have  b^Z 

co^n    ^^If"-'"'*'  *^'«Mng  the  latent  resources  of  the 

'-^J^me log com^   It  takes  somethmg  more  than  theory  and 

S^-Str^^.*  develop  the  countiy. 

tetod  of  bemg  despo.lers  of  the  realm,  they  axe  the  WMer^X 
country.   Come  with  me  to  any  communihr  when  the  hmAmr 
facturer  and  logger  asides  ai  I  will  Z^^I^J^t^^ 

.«H  H  ^Jl^l'""  "  ««y  tnanufachTrer  deplores 

«  1.  wrely  our  province  to  save  even  the  bark.  Tra^or- 
^  Md  taxation  are  controlling  factors  in  our  operatioiii^dw 
•nan  escapes  either.  -■■u™  mmt  mt 

"««  xmntRKurr  navam  ik  umaiR  operations 

trust^'r^^S,  'inT"  »  W»S  -"-Me  to  locate  a  lumber 
«e  t»ldU«  a  mort  appalling  and  unfortunate  condition 
^  counter  m  that  our  timber  control  is  passing  into  th^ 
J«di  of  three  mterests-and  two  of  these  are  railroads  thi  h.„ 
P«.ed  through  receiverships  and  every  other  financial  di««fciL  «d 
m  hungry  for  freight.  Some  men  invest  in  nrine^1«2TS 
estate  and  some  men  in  timber.   The  risk  of  fiie  irSi^Ll,^ 

LABOR  MFFICOLTtf 

I  can  not  but  feel  that  the  men  who  occupy  high  positions  in  the 
councils  of  our  countiy  ^  ^  beforeXy  fv^^TZ  threat 
of  the  lumber  »dj«ry  or  any  other,  because  of  the  e„Lrag7me„t  i„ 
a  lesser  degree  of  the  todallMic  agitators  who  are  promptedTS^r 
t>»de..««n.t  the  world.  The  anarchistic  doctrines  n^^.^  ,2* 


Pmcsidbnt's  Adixibss 


«3 


are  against  law  and  order  and  stand  for  revolution.  Given  free  rein, 
their  leaders  openly  advocate  a  Labor  Trust,  and  preach  seditkm,  disre- 
i^iect  to  the  fli^  and  the  abolishmeitt  of  the  wage  system. 

I  do  not  wish  at  this  time  to  give  undue  prominence  to  the  Indus- 
trial Workers  of  the  World  movement,  but  I  believe  that  our  fore- 
fathers have  sacrificed  too  much  blood  in  establishing  the  great  Amer- 
ican republic  to  allow  sedition,  riot  and  revolution  to  be  preached 
throughout  the  land.  Must  it  ever  take  scwne  frightful  holocaust,  some 
explosion  like  the  Times,  some  Titank  marine  disaster,  to  turn  tiie 
Amerkan  peopte  from  patiis  tiiat  lead  but  to  fess  of  Hfe  and  principles  ? 
Do  we  realise  that  tiiere  is  a  spirit  of  unrest  at  home  and  abroad  stir- 
ring up  revolution?  From  Atlantic  to  Pacific,  from  the  Gulf  to  British 
Columbia,  you  will  find  men  inciting  these  very  things.  It  may  be  the 
forerunner  of  returning  prosperity  and  will  lose  itself,  as  did  Coxey's 
army,  but  those  of  us  who  have  come  in  omtact  with  it  and  have  any 
red  blood  in  our  veins  must  chafe  at  the  teachings  and  documents  tiiat 
are  sows  bfXMdcast  and  reoogoiae  the  disrespect  shown  our  national 
end>lesi.  The  tactics  employed  in  the  West  are  the  same  as  employed 
in  the  East,  and  we  American  citizens  must  wake  up  to  the  necessity 
of  stifling  this  dissension  breeder. 

CAPITAL  Alio  lABQR  INS£PAliUH«Y  UKXED 

The  lumber  business  has  passed  through  a  serious  ordeal  during 
the  last  few  years,  with  tariff  issues,  price  difficulties,  lessened  demand, 
and  severe  curtaihnent  It  is  but  natural  to  assume  that  these  con- 
ditkms  have  affected  both  capital  and  labor.  Both  have  suffered  alike, 
as  they  always  will.  Where  labor  is  such  a  large  factor  in  the  selling 
price  of  lumber  the  reflection  of  a  disastrous  market  is  felt  throughout 
the  land.  Conversely  the  return  to  prosperity  is  similar  in  its  eflfect. 
The  broadened  market  occaskmed  by  renewed  demands  of  railroads 
and  industrial  development  is  reflected  in  tiie  saw  mill  pay  rofl.  Capi- 
tal and  labor  are  insqiarably  linlwd  in  this  devetepment  and  are  con- 
tioUed  by  that  inexorable  commercial  law  of  supply  and  demand. 

The  preadiing  of  new  doctrines  and  isms  to  readjust  the  present 
day  ills  may  give  political  prominence  to  their  advocates  for  a  time 
and  cause  honest  labor  to  be  misled  temporarily,  but  until  capital 
becomes  so  unmindful  of  its  welfare  as  to  divorce  itsdf  from  pros- 
perous labor  conditkms  there  is  littie  fear  of  the  final  outcome. 

When  tile  fegger  and  luna)erman  are  happy,  their  kbor  is  equaUy 


24         National  Lumber  Manufaciubebs'  Assocuxioif 

to.  It  is  a  business  where  merit  is  rewarded,  and  justly  so,  as  efficient 
tabor  has  much  to  do  with  the  balance  sheet.  Look  over  the  successful 
operators  and  you  will  invariably  find  men  who  have  worked  their  way 
to  the  top.  The  man  who  wheels  sawdust  today  is  running  the  saw 

!!!S!1.!L     ?T  The  sawyer  becomes  the 

•upamtendeitt  and  the  superintendent  the  manager-and  there  is 
•ways  room  for  tiie  man  who  is  not  looking  for  salt  pork  and  sundown. 

WGLFABE  OF  BMPLOYUS  SHOOtD  BB  nmip 

Under  these  conditions  it  is  little  short  of  criminal  for  an 

^""^  themselves  on  a  com- 

n^WQr  and  be  permitted  to  attempt  to  spread  dissension  and  dis- 
WKte.  whKh  always  affects  the  innocent  ones  in  the  end.  To  that 
dats  of  labor  that  is  devoid  of  ambition  or  education  it  is  important 
that  we  as  operators  and  employers  give  some  heed.  . 
UrJiiT  r>o\ongtT  appeab  and  industries  become  so 

!Z  i  •  fl«  «pit»J  do  not  recognize  the  hardships  of 

taborjt  IS  im^rtant  tl«t  greater  heed  be  given  to  the  welfare  of  the 
«npkvee.  Efficient  labor  is  greatly  to  be  desired  and  the  work  of 
MM  aiployers,  together  with  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
BKlustnal  secretaries  and  their  collaborators  will  bring  about  benefits 

Zr^Th  ^^"^  ^^"^  <tari««  noon 

hours  the  faclmes  for  promoting  this  woric;  disseminate  the  n^t  kind 

of  literature  and  reward  energy  and  mdustry  and  we  will  counteract 
ijj!!^  ^  *8itator.    Married  men  and  less 

Juskey  and  hcoitiousness  will  work  wonders  in  our  industrial  con- 

JriH;  prlfit'^s.  it 

I  believe  the  employers  are  realizing  more  and  more  the  obliga- 
tions they  owe  to  society  and  if  the  enndovee  can  h*  » 
hi«  Awn  nM««..:k:iu:„'lt.       ^77  ™^wyee  can  De  brought  to  assume 
taa  own  responsibifaties  the  cooditkm  of  labor  wiU  continue  to  improve. 

WOWUCEN's  compensation  act  in  WASHINGTON 

1  1.  ^  Washington  has  been  alert  to  the  welfare  of  her 

laborers  in  the  Workmen's  Compensation  A^  „^S^\^ 
Among  o^her  states  it  has  taken  the  lead  and  the  report  of  olrCoS 
mmee  will  show  with  what  results.  The  Imnhe,^  of  our^IJe 
wUUngly  mitiated  this  work.  Conditions  prior  to  the  adoptiTof  S 


PKMflUlfT^S  ASOKBSS 


law  were  weU-nigh  ooofiscatctfy.  It  is  the  same  in  all  maiittfacturiiig 
states.  The  eHminatioii  of  a  class  of  Uadcleg  lawyers,  professional 
jurors  and  corrupt  witnesses  has  been  one  of  the  benefits  of  this  legis- 
lation. It  has  removed  the  necessity  of  contributing  any  portion  of 
the  pay  roll  or  operating  expenses  to  outside  capital  and  has  resulted 
in  prompt  payment  of  money  benefits  to  the  unfortunate  employee 
and  his  beneficiaries  in  the  time  of  need,  and  widioat  aiQr  of  it  stkk- 
ing  to  otiier  hands. 

I  recommend  careful  consideration  to  ^e  report  of  this  commit- 
tee tiiat  we  as  a  National  association  can  play  our  part  in  improving 
labor  conditions  in  hazardous  employment. 

We  will  profit  by  the  mistakes  of  others  and  improve  conditions 
by  lessening  the  opportunity  of  accident.  As  much  care  and  more 
should  be  exercised  m  the  prevention  of  aoddents  as  of  fire.  Inq>ec- 
tioos  should  be  frequent  and  penalties  to  die  careless  enq>lo3rer  and 
laborer  alike  inflicted. 

FUUS  Pfi£V£NTI0N  AND  INSURANCE 

I  believe  our  associations  have  accon^lished  as  much  good  in  fire 
prevention  and  insurance"  laws  as  in  any  other  fidd.  It  b  CMily  by 
united  action  that  we  can  bring  the  importance  of  this  work  to  the 
attention  of  our  state  and  federal  government  alike.  We  are  guar- 
dians not  only  of  our  own  property,  but  of  the  vast  holdings  of  tim- 
ber of  the  state  and  government.  Where  standing  trees  have  value 
their  protection  is  an  obligation  the  government  officials  too  often  fail 
to  realize.  The  burning  of  adjoining  tracts  affects  all  and  n^naees 
the  property  rights  of  others.  As  togging  operatkms  continue,  changed 
conditions  prevail  and  the  proper  disposition  of  tiie  entire  tree  is  as 
much  a  national  question  as  it  is  an  individual  one. 

D£V£L0PM£NT  OF  LOGGED-OFF  LANDS 

We  should  be  awake  to  the  proper  use  of  our  logged-off  lands 
and  reforestatbn.  It  will  require  a  national  movement  to  properly 
adjust  our  taxatkm  laws  so  that  our  present  timber  holdings  can 
profit  by  the  mistakes  of  the  past  or  the  country  can  adopt  sane  laws 
of  conservation  and  reforestation.  Each  district  must  be  studied  intel- 
ligently and  a  sentiment  aroused  that  will  appreciate  the  value  of 
timber.  Reforestation  will  never  be  practiced  if  lumber  has  no  vadue. 


a6         National  LoMtt  MAHOTAcroam' AiaocuTHW  i 

We  can  not  expect  men,  who  are  striving  to  make  operations  pay 
under  present  conditions,  to  give  much  tiioi«lit  to  generations  yet  to 
come  when  thejr  have  difficnhy  in  taking  care  of  the  present. 

la  •ome  iMiaM  of  oar  country  timber  is  the  only  crop  that  is 
aevdoprng  the  district,  and  population  and  transportotion  phv  a  verv 
miportant  part  in  the  value  of  the  tree.  f  7  •  »wy 

I  believe  we  should  continue  our  cooperatiwi  with  the  Forat 
rtl^";-     ,  P'*'"*  ^  ^sUy  the  phihnthnpk  eA>rts  that 

A^rtT.!!!!?.^  ^  ^  »        way  in  combat- 

WW  tfee  aaKiteias  of  scandal-mongers,  magazine  writers,  and  their 

FOKESTS  SHOUU)  KECEIVE  ASB0UAXB  nOnCISMt 

lljjeve  we  ahonid  exercise  every  effort  to  secure  adequate  gov- 
appropriations  to  protect  the  country's  forests.  It  is  cer- 
fcunly  good  insurance  for  the  future  welfare  to  provide  natiooally  a 
fund  equa  to  i/io  of  i  percent  of  the  valne  of  steading  ttohoTtSiy 
m  the  National  forests.  This  as«K>.tion  shotdd^TSsTbeh,  cK 
touch  wtth  oar  mttiooal  gov«n»«t  on  an  these  polia^T 

aiR«AtK«r  <»  nrjuuoos  insects  should  be  prevented 
The  necessity  of  cooperating  with  the  govermnent,  both  national 
^^'Z^I^IT^  *^  importatka,  of  insects  detrimental  to  fruit 

t^J^f      ^  °^  ^  ™a"«'  which  has  been 

torooght  to  my  attention  by  a  number  of  our  interested  operators  and 
ttober  owners.  It  will  require  the  attention  of  a  sttoToSSiSe 
and  the  endorsement  of  this  association  to  take  the  ^^^^^ 
prevent  the  detrimental  effect  caused  by  the  spreJumd^SS 
these  msects  if  proper  prevention  is  not  undertaken  at  once^^ 

^^^T^^L^  to  educate  any  business  man-and  tariff  issues 

rtiir  s?uS^:^r ^'^^    '^^^  ^  ^ 

In  carrying  on  the  work  of  this  associatwn  we  are  secorine  &cts 
^tesas  fte  agncal^  fip^  ^,  «'^<J 
W^A^d  be  pr.p««|  at     times  to  show  an  inventory  and  a  S 


Fabsidbnt's  Jusobmbs 


]?UBUCATZON  OF  ASSOCIATION  BULLETIN 

I  had  hoped  ere  this  to  have  published  regularly,  and  at  least 
monthly,  a  bulletin  recapitulation  of  general  statistical  information 
coooemlng  the  lumber  industry.  It  will  be  issued  and  I  believe  will 

telntmrmaiintt^  |a  otUT  nyftii^frffhip.  The  sittiBled  B&wciatioiis  will  have 
to  aecttre  acemsle  aad  rdiniile  <faita  and  promptly  forward  it  to  the 
Secretary  to  bring  aboat  the  results  we  anticipate,  and  I  am  confident 
will  be  secured. 

Our  association  Credit  Book,  known  as  the  Blue  Book,  has  been 
made  the  object  of  a  lumber  trust  tirade  as  rank  as  it  is  unjust  No 
sane  business  can  be  oooducted  wkhout  the  best  credit  ratings  and 
emy  business  man  knows  ^tat  we  get  caught  with  smne  bad  aodoonts 
dcsphe  our  precautions.  As  long  as  diere  are  crooks,  cranks  and 
critics,  we  will  have  failures  and  losses. 

PBOFOSED  ADVERTISING  CAMPAIGN 

The  peculiar  license  that  allows  a  man  to  make  his  living  by 
publishing  lies  to  inflame  the  public  mind  will  have  to  be  met  by  an 
appeal  to  libel  or  an  advertising  and  publicity  canq>aign  so  straight, 
smoere  and  above-board  that  it  will  counteract  tiiese  libekm  attadcs. 
I  bdieve  that  in  our  advertising  woik  and  the  committee  as  now  con- 
stituted we  have  accomplished  the  grandest  work  yet  undertaken  by 
the  National.  People  want  to  know  the  facts,  are  hungry  for  infor- 
mation, and  we  have  now  provided  the  best  means  of  reaching  them. 
No  committee  will  care  to  undertake  a  work  of  this  magnitude  with- 
out the  unanimous  assurance  of  this  membership  that  their  obligations 
will  be  cared  for  and  the  further  assurance  tiiat  the  whole  f oree  of 
this  magnificent  oi^anization  is  bdund  it  I  congratulale  the  commit- 
tee on  their  excellent  start  and  have  every  confidence  in  tiie  success 
of  their  efforts. 

RAILROAD  PROBLEMS 

Our  railroad  work  has  been  handicapped  by  lack  of  committee 
organization,  but  I  am  pleased  to  state  we  have  secured  a  number  of 
willing  workers  who  will  push  this  work.  We  have  so  much  to  accom- 
plish in  l^^istotkm  govemmg  equipment,  freight  aUowances,  actual 
freight  paying  we^ts,  master  car  butkkr  sites  and  grades,  that 
co5peration  on  these  lines  is  essential. 


a8  National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association 


STANDARDIZATION  IN  LUMBER  MANUFACTURE 

Our  standardizatioQ  work  is  a  tedious  operation,  but  essentially 
ao.  Tkm  is  no  more  necessity  for  a  half  dozen  different  thicknesses 
of  ceiling,  drop  siding,  flooring  and  dimension,  when  used  for  the  same 
purpose,  than  for  the  railroads  returning  to  the  old  link  and  pin 
couplers  or  narrow  gauge  rails.  We  should  have  national  standanls 
and  any  other  patterns  woukl  be  charged  for. 

PAHAXA  CANAL  TOLLS 

Our  West  Coast  and  Gulf  states  are  vitally  concerned  in  the 
Panama  Canal  tolls,  as  is  every  consumer  of  lumber.  So  many  ques- 
tions are  involved  that  I  beUeve  the  National  associatxm  can  not  take 
issue,  but  there  is  a  safe,  sane  sohttkm  of  these  commercial  question  so 
vital  to  our  country's  prosperity  that  I  bespeak  for  this  question  your 
careful  consideration.  A  readjustment  of  transportation  rates  and 
diarges  must  result  on  the  opening  of  this  great  waterway  and  no 
false  premises  should  be  assumed.  We  as  lumber  producers  will  be 
drawn  more  closely  together  and  the  country  will  be  benefited  at  latge, 
and  justly  so.  We  must  realize  that  the  country  is  a  unit  on  its 
national  polkies  and  can  not  l^iislate  against  any  one  district 

NATIONAL  CHAMBER  COMlfSlCB 

I  am  greatly  impressed  with  the  dignity  of  the  National  Chamber 
of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  and  its  uhimate  results,  which  was 
recently  formed  as  the  result  of  conference  in  Washington.  I  believe 
it  will  mark  an  epoch  in  business  development  as  viewed  from  a  federal 
standpoint.  Our  kaaabtr  interests  are  given  fuU  consideration  and  wiU 
be  looktd  after. 

I  wish  on  this  occasion  to  thank  the  Board  and  Committees  of  this 
association  for  their  active,  energetic  cooperation  during  the  past  ■ 
year.  The  difficulty  of  getting  together  must  be  apparent  to  all,  as 
we  come  from  the  four  comers  of  the  United  States.  The  prompt 
attentk)ii  to  the  details  of  our  wotk  and  the  quick  responses  to  our 
written  requests  have  made  it  a  pleasure  to  be  associated  with  such  a 
fine  body  of  men.  [Applause.] 

PteSTOENT  Gmggs  :  The  next  report  will  be  that  of  the  Manager, 
Mr.  Leonard  Bronson. 


Report  of  the  Manager 


A  summary  of  mj  expense  account  shows  a  consideraUo  ^"affliiat  of  tiB¥«liBg^ 
since  the  last  annual  meeting.  Mav  24  and  25,  1911. 
Jxmb  10-15. — trip  to  waahuigton  and  New  Yoifc. 

June  iS-JuIy  9.— Another  trip  to  Washington  and  New  York.  Both  of  these 
trips  were  on  instructions  to  do  what  was  possibte  in  opposition  to  tiie  Be^pioeilj 
Bill,  and  J^ew  York  was  visited  on  a  special  errand  of  the  Board. 

July  18w — Prom  Washington,  D.  C,  I  went  through  to  Tacoma,  Wash.,  attend- 
ing annual  meeting  of  the  Pacific  GiMet  JjuMher  Mnaa^iidtmm'  AflwelttioB  mad 
conferring  with  President  Griggs. 

July  18. — Left  Tacoma  for  the  East  and  by  President  Griggs'  instructions 
went  through  to  Cincinnati  and  Ashland,  Ky.,  on  special  business  for  the  Associa- 
tion, returning  from  Cincinnati  to  Chicago. 

July  29.— Left  Chicago  for  Tacoma, 

August  14. — A  visit  to  Seattle. 

August  18-21. — ^Attended  meeting  of  Oregon  and  Washington  Lumber  Mann- 
laetarert'  Association  at  Portiaad,  0*8. 

August  24-26. — Meeting  of  the  three  North  Coast  Associations  at  Baymond, 
Wash.,  where  they  were  consolidated  into  the  West  Ckmt  lauaUm  ICannfaetmeis' 

Association. 

Sept.  17-18  and  Sept.  29  to  Oct.  l.->-Yltit8  to  Portland;  one  in  tiie  interaet 

of  the  Advertising  Campaign. 

Oct.  3  and  27. — ^Visited  Seattle  the  second  time  to  advocate  the  AdvertMUg 
Camnaign  before  the  West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Not.  8.— Vltited  Seattle  to  intefeat  tiie  shingle  men  in  tte  Advertising  Can- 
paign. 

Nov.  10-13. — A  trip  to  LaGrande,  Ore.,  attending  a  meeting  of  the  Western 
Pine  Manufacturers'  Association,  when  it  aissured  support  of  the  National  Adver- 
tising plan. 

Nov.  17. — Visited  Seattle  and  Port  Blakely  on  business  of  the  ftwodaHwi 
Dec.  3-5 — Attended  Forestry  Convention  at  Portland,  Ore. 
Dec.  22. — Visited  Seattle  on  Association  business. 
Jan.  2.— Left  Tacoma  for  tlie  East  in  behalf  of  the  Association. 
Jan.  5-12. — Was  in  Chicago  Jan.  8,  attending  the  neetiBg  ^  the  Boaid  «f 
Governors  and  of  the  Advertising  Camjmign. 
Jan.  13-14. — In  New  Orleans,  La. 

Jan.  15-16-17.— Attending  meeting  of  Western  Classification  Committee  at 
Galveston,  Texas,  thence  visited  Houston,  Kansas  City  and  St  Lonb  intenet 
of  Advertising  Campaign,  Jan.  23,  arriving  in  Chicago. 

Jan.  28-31. — ^At  Cincinnati,  attending  meeting  of  Hardwood  Manofactozen' 
Association  of  United  States,  which  endorsed  the  Advertising  Plan. 

Feb.  1-2.— In  WaahingUm,  D.  C,  on  account  of  corieapende«ee  with  tie 
President. 

Feb.  3. — In  Cincinnati. 

Peb.  4. — In  Memphis,  Tenn.,  on  Classification  Committee  matters. 

Feb.  5-8.— New  Orleans  at  meeting  of  the  Yellow  Pine  Maanftidnireia'  Ash>- 

ciation,  at  which  National  Advertising  was  endorsed  and  its  mrrww  aasnied. 
Feb.  9-11. — In  Chicago,  leaving  there  for  Tacoma,  arriving — 

Feb.  14. — ^Remained  in  Tacoma  with  the  exception  of  several  tripe  to  Seattle 
until —  *^ 

April  2. — Left  for  Chicago,  to  which  my  office  had  been  transfened. 
April  9. — Visited  St.  Louis  in  reference  to  Advertising  Fond. 
TOTAL— Distance  covered,  about  29,200  miles. 
Bi^  absent  from  office,  126. 

39 


30        National  LuMint  Manupactuum'  AsflOOAxmr 


11 


The  Manager  should  attend  the  principal  meetingB  of  all  the 
affiliated  associations,  and  in  oonnectaoQ  wtdi  sudi  visits,  or  especially, 
vmt  as  many  as  possible  of  the  important  manufacturing  districts. 
This  is  necessary  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  needs  of  each  section  and 
to  get  first  hand  suggestions  and  advice.  To  do  this  requires  a  capable 
person  in  charge  of  office  details  and  correspondence.  I  have  been 
fortunate  in  that  respect  until  my  recent  removal  to  Chicago,  where 
office  offuuialkm  is  dekyed  peiidii^  tfa^  In  addkion,  tfie 

advertise  work  will  reqdre  someone  in  constant  diarge  of  its 
details,  subject  to  cxmtrd  of  tiie  advertising  committee  through  the 
Manager. 

UnOESBNTATION  AT  OOSTVIimmS 

The  association  has  been  represented  at  several  important  meet- 
ings during  the  last  year,  in  some  cases  by  regular  offioeriy  and  in  other 
cases  by  special  rq^reseirtatives. 

Revisioii  of  die  Western  Frds^l  Classification  has  occoined  two 
•essions  of  iSbt  Western  Oassification  Cbmmittee ;  one  held  in  Mil- 
waukee and  the  other  in  Galveston.  The  Milwaukee  meeting  was 
attended  only  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Brower,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  The 
meeting  at  Galveston  was  attended  by  Mr.  M.  B.  Nelson,  Kansas  City, 
Mo. ;  Messrs.  W.  B.  Roper  and  John  M.  Gibbs,  both  of  Norfolk,  Va.; 
J.  B.  Philips,  of  JadcsooviUe,  Fla.;  W.  B.  Morgan,  Memphis,  Tenn., 
and  your  manager,  and  sevefal  hmbermen  of  Galveston  and  Houston, 
who  i  ' 


■IIIIU 


it  convenient  to  be  present.  The  work  done  by  Mr.  Brower 
will  be  the  subject  of  a  special  report. 

The  association  was  represented  at  the  National  Rivers  and  Har- 
bors Congress,  December  6  and  8,  191 1,  by  Mr.  J.  N.  Teal,  Portland, 
Ore.,  who  made  an  address  on  the  P^umuna  Canal  qnesdoii. 

It  was  special^  represented  at  the  Fire  Insurance  Congress,  St 
Binl,  1^  W.  A.  Gildirist. 

President  Griggs,  Capt.  J.  B.  White,  Chairman  of  our  Conserva- 
tion Committee,  and  Mr.  R.  A.  Long  were  representatives  of  the  asso- 
ciation at  the  Third  National  Conservation  Congress,  Sq>tember 
35-27,  191 1. 

April  22, 1912,  Mr.  R.  M.  Carrier,  member  of  Hie  Board,  attended 
a  hearing  of  the  Intersti^  Commerce  Commission  at  Onc^o  in  the 
intereils  of  association. 

In  Wadimgton,  D.  C,  April  22  and  23,  when  was  organized  the 
Natkmal  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States,  duly  appmted 


Report  of  the  Managei 


31 


delates  from  the  National  association  were:  J.  N.  Teal,  Horton 
Corwin,  jr.,  W.  E.  DeLaney  and  A.  C.  Dixon.  We  will  have  a  rqwrt 
from  Mr.  Dixon  on  this  meeting. 

IMPORTANT  MEETING  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  G0VBRN<ttS 

On  January  8,  1912,  an  in^rtant  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Gov- 
ernors was  held  in  Chicago,  at  which  the  plans  of  tbt  Advertismg 
Committee  were  approved,  and  it  was  authorized  to  proceed  as  soon  as 
an  annual  subscription  of  $100,000  had  been  secured. 

This  meeting  also  received  a  report  from  the  Defebaugh  Memorial 
Committee,  approved  of  the  design  submitted,  and  appr<^riated  the 
additional  funds  necessary  to  erect  the  window  as  {MXipOied. 

STANDARDIZATION 

It  is  a  matter  of  r^;ret  that  tfie  Standardizatioa  Committer 
ditty  it  is  to  attend  a  standardization  of  lumber  manufacture,  and 
further,  to  inquire  into  what  can  be  dcme  in  standardization  of  grades, 
is  not  able  to  report  progress  at  this  meeting. 

The  Committee  is  an  able  one,  and  has  shown  interest  in  the  mat- 
ter of  which  it  has  charge.  I  quote  from  a  letter  from  the  Chaiimaii 
of  the  Committee,  Mr.  John  A.  Bruce,  Strader,  La. : 

"I  r^^ret  very  mudi  to  advise  that  on  acoom^  of  sickness  dming 
the  greater  part  of  the  last  three  months  and  a  serious  fire  here  in 
January,  has  prevented  me  from  doing  anything  on  the  work  of 
Standardization.  I  have  been  on  the  point  of  handing  my  resignation 
as  chairman  of  that  committee  to  President  Griggs  several  times  dar- 
ing the  past  four  or  five  months  for  these  reasons.  However,  I  did 
not  do  so,  figuring  that  I  would  pron^tly  be  able  to  take  op  tiie  wofk 
in  earnest  and  also  because  I  f  dt  Oitt  the  prerident  made  tl»  appoint- 
ment  becanse  he  widied  me  to  serve.  If  it  is  the  pleasure  of  Mr. 
Griggs  that  I  take  up  this  work  as  soon  as  possible,  even  at  this  late 
date,  I  am  willing  to  do  so,  and  will  be  pleased  to  have  you  advise  me 
of  his  wishes.  jqhij  A.  Bruce." 

THE  KAILROAD  COMMITTEE 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  committees  of  the  Assodatkm, 
and  the  work  it  has  in  hand  is  delicate,  and  sometimes  laborious.  This 
fact  seems  to  be  recogniie^  for  it  was  dtfkidt  to  dblam  aocqilanoe 


52         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

of  appointments  to  this  committee,  and  no  one  was  found  who  would 
accept  its  chairmanship;  but,  as  you  will  see  on  the  program  cover, 
we  have  secured  the  service  on  this  committee  of  leading  men  in 
nearly  all  the  associaticMis.  They  are  all  specially  fitted  for  the  work 
and  represent  so  many  different  sections  and  freight  conditions  ^at 
Aey  should  be  able  to  handle  successfully  any  question  of  common 
interest  to  the  industry  that  is  placed  before  them. 

Under  the  guidance  of  this  committee  should  be  handled  such  mat- 
ters as  freight  classification,  methods  and  conditions  of  weighing,  and 
negotiations  with  the  railroads  for  adoption  of  weight  standards;  car 
construction  and  equipment  laws  and  regulations;  interstate  regula- 
tions for  the  handling  of  logs,  milling-in-transit  and  concentration 
rates,  etc  This  committee,  I  believe,  can  settle  the  car  stake  question 
to  the  satisfactxm  of  lumber  and  other  shippers.  A  nmnber  of  ques- 
Hoiis  have  been  submitted  by  aflitiated  associations  to  Ms  committee 
for  consideration. 

There  are  some  matters  with  which  the  National  association  can 
not  deal  AmcHig  them  is  usually  freight  rates  that  involve  compe- 
tition between  different  sections;  but  in  the  case  of  a  proposed  gen- 
eral advance  the  National,  led  by  its  Railroad  Committee,  should  take 
dbarge* 

All  of  our  assodaticms  f rcmi  time  to  time  have  cases  before  iim 
Interstate  Commerce  Ccmmiission,  seme  of  them  of  national  scope. 
Their  rulroad  departments  have  enough  to  do  with  affairs  that  par- 
ticularly concern  them  without  duplicating  the  work  of  others.  The 
National  Association  by  taking  charge  of  these  matters  of  common 
interest  can  save  money  to  the  industry  and  produce  results  impossible 
to  the  individual  association. 

Yet  a  well  organized  railroad  department  of  the  National  asso- 
ciation will  cost  money.  The  Committee  itself  cannot  do  effective 
work  without  some  expenditure,  which  if  it  is  necessary  to  attend 
hearings  before  the  Iirteratate  Commerce  Commission  at  distant  pmts, 
or  if  the  employment  of  spedal  cocmsd  seems  desirable,  may  be  con- 
siderable. I  venture  to  suggest  the  financing  of  the  association  so  that 
the  Railroad  Committee  may  not  be  hampered  in  its  work,  nor  its 
chairman  and  members  be  obliged  to  pay  their  expenses  out  of  their 
own  pockets. 


Retort  of  thb  MANAcmt 


33 


employers'  liability  and  WORKMBM'S  COMFEirSATlQlf 

The  law  relating  to  employers'  liability  and  workmen's  compensa- 
tion is  in  the  process  of  making.  Most,  if  not  all,  of  the  acts  on  the 
statute  books  of  the  different  states  are  admittedly  experimental ;  only 
ten  States  have  adopted  such  acts  in  any  shape,  and  in  only  four  of 
them  have  the  acts  been  successfully  tested  in  tl^  courts. 

Our  committee  on  this  subject  hopes  that,  out  of  the  consideration 
they  are  giving  it,  with  the  assistance  of  lumbermen  generally,  and 
guided  by  the  experience  already  reached  in  various  States,  it  may 
be  able  to  frame  an  act  which,  with  perhaps  slight  modifications,  will 
be  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  lumber  iiKlustry  aad  etagHoym  gen- 
erally in  all  States  of  the  Union. 

The  National  Lumber  Manafactnrers'  Assodatkm,  as  sck^  can 
do  little  toward  securing  the  enactment  into  law  of  such  a  measure, 
when  framed ;  but  it  can  group  up  the  experience  of  lumbermen  every- 
where and  can  frame  a  law  suited  to  their  needs  and  the  needs  of  their 
employees,  and  then  state,  sectional  or  local  organizations  must  work 
for  its  adoption. 

Apparently  the  be^  workmen's  conqmsatkm  ad  now  in  effect 
is  that  of  the  State  of  Wadu^^ton.  The  ideal  law,  vMdb  protects 
both  workmen  and  their  employers,  should  secure  justice  for  the  one 

without  undue  burden  on  the  other,  and  should  be  simple  and  prompt 
and  certain  in  its  application.  Such  a  law  would  result  in  a  larger 
average  of  compensation  to  the  victims  of  industrial  accidents  or  dis- 
eases, and  may  well  be  expected  to  lessen  the  cost  to  enq^oyers.  The 
fifty  to  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  money  paid  by  enqibyers  muier 
the  old  system,  whi^  never  readies  die  pocket  of  ^e  injured  work- 
man or  the  dependents  of  those  killed  in  industrial  accidents,  might 
well  be  split  between  the  two  classes  to  the  benefit  of  each.  In  such 
a  process  only  the  ambulance  chasing  lawyers  and  the  indemnity  com- 
panies can  be  the  sufEerers. 

THB  BLUB  BOOK 

The  "Blue  Book,"  compiled  and  published  by  the  National  Lum- 
ber Manufacturers'  Credit  Corporation,  has  made  substantial  gains 
within  the  last  year.  It  is  serving  the  financial  wellbcing  of  the  lum- 
ber industry  and  the  lumber  trade,  and  is  worthy  the  suppCMt  of  aU 
lumber  shippers.  Its  users  generally  daim  for  it  especial  reUabOity. 


1 1 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


It  has  a  particular  claim  upon  lumbermen  affiliated  with  the  National 

Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association^  whose  chil4  the  credit  associa- 
tioa  is. 

STATOmCAL  DBPAKmBNT 

Under  the  administration  of  President  Griggs,  the  collection  of  rt^ 
ports  regarding  stocks  on  hand,  cut  and  shipments,  has  been  undertaken. 
At  first  the  number  of  reports  was  small,  but  it  has  been  increased 

until  now  the  figures  received  represent  about  one-third  of  the  entire 
lumber  product  of  the  United  States,  or  in  the  neighborhood  of  fifteen 
billion  to  sixteen  billion  feet.  This  report,  if  loyally  maintained  by 
the  members  of  our  association  until  comparisons  are  available,  will 
be  of  tncalcttlidble  value  as  indicating  ^  general  sttuatXML  It  ghrei 
a  good  line  on  oonditbns  of  llie  leading  bnikling  woods,  but  it  is  not 
so  satisfactory  in  regard  to  the  hardwood  districts,  nor  does  it  touch 
at  all  the  extreme  northeastern  part  of  the  country  whose  local  condi- 
tions as  to  supplies  have  a  great  influence  on  the  big  eastern  markets. 
I  beg  every  member  to  contribute  to  this  compilation  and  carefully  to 
read  the  monthly  bulletins  which  contain  it  We  believe  that  this 
statistical  work  can  be  enlaiged  with  great  profit  to  the  indnstiy.  We 
wish  to  ddennine  during  the  coming  year  the  fundamental  fscts  of 
the  busmess.  We  want  to  know  more  definitely  the  life  of  the  indus- 
try as  based  on  standing  timber.  We  want  to  know  the  labor  situa- 
tion in  different  parts  of  the  country ;  and  generally,  and  from  reports 
of  members  and  other  sources,  it  may  be  possible  to  determine  the  trend 
of  lumber  and  timber  values  and  make  these  imc^  known  to  the  iadns- 
try  at  laige. 

association  bulletin 


Heretofore  announcements  to  the  individual  members  have  been 
sent  out  from  the  offices  of  both  the  Secretary  and  Manager,  but  Presi- 
dent Griggs  has  had  in  mind  publication  of  a  bulletin  to  the  industry 
to  be  issued  not  less  often  than  once  a  month,  and  as  often  as  matters 
of  inqiortance  are  to  be  communicated ;  and  that  this  bulletin  should 
be  the  means  both  of  mmmmrirating  informatkm  to  the  mendben  and 
ikm  keeimig  them  in  toudi  with  its  activities,  and  of  gathering  for 
our  mutual  benefit  to  a  central  cffice  all  the  matters  which  are  of  com- 
mon interest.  I  have  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Governors  estimates 
as  to  the  cost  of  such  publication.  It  will  contain  the  monthly  statisti- 
cal rqjKMts  with  comments  on  them.  It  will  i^ve  to  the  menbtrs  inlof- 


'II'  --I 


Report  of  the  Manager 


as 


mation  regarding  railroad  matters  and  local,  state  and  national  legisla- 
tion, it  win  give  warning  of  inq^ending  dangers.  It  will  be  the  means 
of  intercommunication  between  the  differoit  sectkms  of  the  countiy 
and  should  result  m  weavmg  into  an  effective  body  all  the  lumber 
manufacturii^  interests  of  the  United  States.  It  will  not  be  a  publica- 
tion that  will  conflict  in  any  way  with  the  newspapers,  general  or  spe- 
cial, but  will  briefly  and  pointedly  call  to  the  attention  of  the  lumber 
manufacturers  of  the  country  matters  of  interest  to  them. 

ADVESnSING  AMD  PUBUCITy 

The  subject  which  took  the  most  time  and  attracted  the  most 
attention  at  the  Annual  Meeting  last  year,  was  the  advertising  of  wood 
as  against  its  substitutes. 

The  subject  was  introduced  by  Mr.  W.  A.  Gilchrist,  of  Memphis, 
Tcnn.,  in  an  able  address,  which  went  into  details  as  to  the  attack 
being  made  on  lumber  by  substitutes,  and  the  methods  used  to  promote 
these  substitutes.  Mr.  Gilchrist  was  followed  by  Mr.  A.  T.  Gerrans, 
of  Houma,  La.,  who  reinforced  his  argument  fay  concrete  exan^es  of 
the  methods  fay  whkh  the  use  of  woods  has  been  curtailed  in  favor  of 
other  materials.  Mr.  G.  E.  W.  Luehrmann,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  told 
of  the  experiences  of  gum  producers  in  specialty  advertising.  Several 
other  gentlemen  contributed  to  the  discussion,  which  impressed  upon 
the  delegates  the  need  of  action  along  advertising  lines. 

The  outcome  of  this  discussion  was  the  appomtmeat  of  a  Com- 
mittee on  Advertising  and  Publicity,  consistii^  of  A.  T.  Gorans, 
Hbuma,  La.,  J.  E.  Rhodes,  St  P^ul,  Mmn.,  and  G.  R  W.  Luehrmann, 
of  St  Louis,  Mo. 

This  committee,  consisting  of  men  who  were  personally  interested 
in  the  work,  and  had  had  experience  in  advertising  lines,  distributed 
to  all  the  members  under  date  of  June  30,  191 1,  a  report  with  recom- 
mendations. The  Committee  recommended  that  the  Natkmal  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association  enter  into  a  practkal  and  effident  adver- 
tising campaign ;  that  it  be  carried  on  an  executive  committee  on 
advertising,  consisting  of  five  members,  one  each  from  the  West  Coast, 
Yellow  Pine,  White  Pine  and  Hemlock,  Hardwood  and  Cypress  In- 
dustries; that  the  President  appoint  the  chairman,  and  other  mem- 
bers of  the  Committee,  to  serve  for  three  years ;  that  the  committee  be 
given  full  authority  to  establish  and  maintain  an  advertising  bureau,  to 
mom  Hkt  aUesI  and  best  foalified  colaisd  or  agent,  and  to  employ 


36        Natiokal  LuMBBt  Manotactusbss'  Association 

the  necessary  assistants  for  the  purpose  of  following  up  the  public 
hiterest  developed;  that  the  Secretary  of  the  National  association 
should  collect  all  funds ;  that  a  method  should  he  devised  for  the  com- 
mittee to  handle  the  money  appropriated  for  the  purpose,  and  that  at 
least  three  months'  advertising  funds  should  be  placed  at  the  disposal 
of  the  committee  prior  to  the  beginning  of  the  expenditure. 

In  pursuance  of  these  recommendations  the  committee  was  en- 
lai^  to  five,  the  original  memhers  being  continued,  with  Mr.  Gerrans 
as  chairman,  and  Messrs.  J.  B.  White,  Kansas  City,  representing  Yel- 
low Pine  district,  and  George  S.  Long,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  representing 
the  West  Coast,  were  added. 

Immediately  work  was  begun  to  secure  the  support  of  the  Asso- 
dalioos  in  this  campaign;  contributions  being  asked  on  the  basis  of 
one  cent  for  each  i,ooo  feet  of  lumber  produced.  It  being  estimated 
that  if  all  the  affiliated  associations  joined  the  levy  would  produce 
$125,000  to  $150,000  a  year.  But  in  view  of  the  fact  that  some  asso- 
ciations might  not  be  able  to  join  on  this  assessment  basis  it  was  decided 
that  the  campaign  should  be  undertaken  when  $ioo/xx>  had  been  thus 
iwbtcfribfd. 

At  the  beginning  the  Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion was  committed  to  the  campaign;  then  the  North  Carolina  Pine 
Association  heartily  endorsed  the  movement  and  promised  such  sup- 
port as  could  be  secured  from  its  individual  members;  the  Georgia- 
Florida  Saw  Mill  Association  adopted  the  plan;  On  Oct.  27,  last,  the 
West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  authorized  the  neces- 
sary asaesment  of  its  members;  and  on  Nov.  la,  1911,  the  Western 
Pine  Manufacturers'  Association,  whose  Constitution  requires  that 
their  assessments  must  be  levied  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  mem- 
bership, appointed  a  committee  to  secure  this  unanimous  consent,  which, 
I  tmderstand,  has  been  secured.  Cooperation  of  the  Northern  Pine 
Manufacturers'  Association  was  assured;  and  then  on  Jan.  29,  191 2, 
at  its  annual  meeting  at  Cincinnati,  the  Hardwood  Manufacturers' 
Aasodatkm  of  the  United  States  came  into  full  codpera  tkm.  Thenext 
wedc,  at  New  Orleans,  the  Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association 
authorized  a  voluntary  assessment  of  two  cents  per  thousand  feet  upon 
the  product  of  its  membership,  one-half  of  which  should  be  used  in 
Yellow  Pine  advertising  and  one-half  be  contributed  to  the  National 
can^iaign. 

Thh  umtd,  so  far  as  pledges  were  ooooemed,  more  tiiaii  die 


RfiPO&T  OF  THE  Manager 


27 


$100,000  necessary  before  the  campaign  was  begun.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  Board  of  Governors  on  Jan.  8,  1912,  the  work  of  the  advertising 
oonunittee  was  approved,  and  authority  was  given  to  the  committee  to 
proceed  with  the  actual  woric  as  soon  as  the  sum  of  $100,000  was  fully 
pledged. 

On  March  30,  a  call  was  sent  out  from  the  Secretary's  office  to  all 

the  contributing  associations  for  payment  of  25  per  cent  of  their  annual 
subscription. 

The  Committee  and  your  Manager  have  also  been  engaged  in 
securing  the  interest  of  lumbermen  outside  of  our  affiliated  assoda- 
ticms.  We  are  coaMtat^f  support  from  some  important  timber  and 
yellow  pine  interests.  The  shingle  manufacturers  of  the  northwest 
and  eastern  lumber  manufacturers  and  dealers  have  expressed  interest 
in  the  work. 

PUBLICITY 

The  advertising  campaign  will  mean  far  more  than  merely  the  buy- 
ing of  space  in  the  pubUcations  and  filling  that  ^>ace  with  well  pre- 
pared copy,  and  it  will  mean  more  than  a  foUow-up  campmg^  no  mat- 
ter how  thorou^  or  ingenious. 

The  lumber  business  is  not  in  good  standing  with  the  press  of 
the  country,  due  in  part  to  the  talk  about  a  "Lumber  Trust,"  but  very 
largely  to  the  fact  that  the  business  has  not  advertised  to  any  material 
extent,  in  the  papers  which  lead  in  newspaper  policies. 

Unprejudiced  publicity  is  one  of  the  things  we  want,  but  the  busi- 
ness management  of  the  papers  objected  so  long  as  they  tiiougfat  iSsiBt 
our  plan  was  to  get  it  for  nodi  ling.  While  editorial  or  news  space  can 
not  be  bought  m  respectable,  responsible  periodicals— which,  by  the 
way,  are  the  very  ones  that  we  need — their  publishers  have  the  spirit 
of  fair  play  and  good  fellowship  to  the  same  extent  as  other  people. 
Liberal  advertisers  are  treated  as  generously  in  the  news  and  editorial 
columns  as  good  newspaper  policy  and  ethics  will  permit 

The  full  publicity  results  from  lumber  advertismg  can  be  secured 
cmly  by  unitiQg  all  lumber  advertisers  in  a  certain  community  of  inter- 
est and  influence.  The  Natkmal  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 
may  spend  $100,000  or  more  a  year  for  advertising;  but  such  an 
amount  could  be  spent  in  comparatively  few  publications  out  of  the 
many  thousands  in  the  country,  each  of  which  has  its  share  in  form- 
ing public  opinion.  But  oth^  lumber  associations  than  the  NatioQal 


38         National  Lumbia  Manufacturbss'  Association 


arc  advertising,  or  will  advertise.  No  inconsiderable  part  of  lumber 
advertising  is  done  by  individuals  in  local  papers  or  special  mediums. 

Now  let  all  these  assodatioiis  and  all  these  individuals  join  their 
inflnence  in  demanding  of  the  papers  fair  treatment  of  the  lumber  busi- 
ness— not  treatment  prejudiced  in  our  favor,  but  let  us  demand  that 
they  shall  merely  treat  us  as  fairly  as  they  do  other  lines  of  business ; 
that  their  columns  shall  be  opened  to  the  same  kind  of  news  of  the 
lumber  business  that  they  are  in  regard  to  others;  that  where  the 
character  of  it  permits  tiiey  shall  handle  matters  favorable  to  the 
hsBBtm  business  as  readily  as  mailers  favmble  to  other  lines.  In 
short,  to  abandon  their  prejudice  against  us  In  favor  of  at  least  an 
impartial  attitude. 

Can  we  bring  this  concert  of  action  on  the  part  of  lumber 
advertisers  to  pass?  I  believe  we  can.  All  lumbermen  of  whatever 
cbss— manufacturers,  wholesalers,  or  retailers— keenly  feel  the  injus- 
tice with  which  they  are  treated,  and  ^lould  be,  and  I  believe  witt  be, 
glad  to  cooperate  in  a  legitimate,  businesslike  way  for  the  purpose  of 
remedying  the  present  regrettable  condition. 

For  example:  In  case  a  specially  vicious  attack  is  made  upon 
the  liunber  business  an  article  refuting  and  combating  that  attack  can 
be  distributed  so  as  to  reach  practically  every  lumberman  in  the  coun- 
try. Hundreds  of  these  lundiermen  are  advertisers.  Let  them  hi- 
dividually  take  this  article  to  the  papers  with  which  they  are  doinK 
business  and  say  to  them: 

"An  attack  has  been  made  upon  the  lumber  business  which  we 
beyeve  is  not  justified  and  is  unfair.  We  would  like  to  answer  it  In 
tfie  mterest  of  fair  pby  it  should  be  answered.  We  ought  to  have  a 
chance  with  the  public  as  against  diose  who  trance  us.  Won't  you 
publish  this  in  such  form  as  you  please  as  the  answer  of  the  lumber- 
men, and  my  answer,  to  the  charges  made  against  them?" 

Sndi  a  fair  demand,  I  believe,  would  be  responded  to  very  gen- 
erally. I  have  had  articles  of  this  sort  puUished  m  hundreds  of  coun- 
try papers  through  this  very  means. 

The  advertising  campaign  is  a  definite  matter  requiring  a  pretty 
definite  amount  of  money,  whereas  a  publicity  campaign  may  legiti- 
mately require  varying  amounts  of  money,  which  should  come  from 
a  Mparate  fund.  We  refuse  to  bribe  anyone,  we  refuse  to  buy  that 
which  diouhl  not  be  sold,  but  abidutely  kgittnmte  ptMidty  may  cost 
s(Hnething  in  its  handling,  and,  therefore,  I  would  recommend  Ae  es- 


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39 


tablishment  of  a  publicity  fund  of  moderate  proportions,  but  which 
will  be  instantly  available  when  needed. 

THB  RBTAILEBSr'  RELATION  TO  SUBSTITUTES 

A  few  weeks  ago  I  had  the  opportunity  of  addressing  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Western  Retail  Lumbermen's  Association,  Ae  great 
retail  organization  which  covers  all  the  western  mountain  and  coast 

states,  in  support  of  our  advertising  campaign. 

The  fact  has  developed  through  correspondence  and  by  personal 
contact  with  representatives  of  the  retail  trade,  that  while  the  retailers 
have  lent  themselves  to  the  promotion  of  wood  substitutes  they  are 
beginning  to  reaHze  their  mistake.  Th^  followed  the  line  of  least 
reristanoe,  supplying  what  their  customers  had  been  educated  to  a^ 
for,  and  because  wood  substitutes  seemed  to  offer  better  profits  than 
the  regular  lumber  lines. 

But  retail  lumbermen  are,  for  the  most  part,  lumbermen  first  and 
general  building  material  dealers  only  secondarily,  and  they  have  found 
that  when  they  assist  in  building  up  a  demand  for  substitutes  for  lum- 
ber they  are  cultivating  a  trade  whsdi  is  easify  taken  away  from  fton, 
either  by  mail  ofder  houses,  or  by  ^  producers  or  distributors  of  the 
substitutes.  Consequently,  I  find  that  the  retail  lumbermen  now,  as  a 
class,  are  anxious  to  get  back  into  the  lumber  business  as  their  prin- 
cipal, if  not  their  only,  line.  This  tendency  should  be  cultivated  by 
lumber  producers.  It  lies  within  the  power  of  practically  every  member 
of  the  assodatKMis  affiliated  with  the  National,  thus  to  assist  in  opposi^ 
the  improper  substitutes  for  iundier,  and  in  promoting  l^^itimate  lum- 
ber use,  m  his  rdi^ions  with  his  retail  hmiber  custxHners. 


IBCIPaOaTY  WITH  CANADA 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  some  members  of  affiliated  associations 
more  or  less  seriously  objected  to  the  activities  of  the  Natbnal  during 
tiie  past  year  in  oppositkm  to  the  Canadian  reciprocity  bill,  reference 
should  be  made  to  it. 

At  the  annual  convention  at  New  Orleans,  in  1910,  the  activities 
of  the  association  in  behalf  of  retaining  a  duty  on  lumber  imported 
into  this  country  were  approved  and  also  the  omtinuance  of  that  ac- 
tivity. At  QdoigQ  last  year  simibr  action  was  taken  approving  ^ 
efforts  made  to  deisat  tiie  Canadian  redpiodty  bili  in  ^  ioaa  it  was 


40         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

presented  and  approving  a  continuance  of  the  effort.  Consequently, 
I  feel  that  no  personal  criticism  is  due  to  those  who  represented  the 
association  in  Washington,  provided  they  performed  their  duties  in- 
telligently and  in  a  manner  compatible  with  the  dignity  of  this  body. 
In  this  raped  I  believe  that  there  is  no  ground  for  criticism. 

Him  was  no  opportmdty  to  present  this  matter  before  tiie  House 
Committee,  but  advantage  was  taken  of  the  hearings  extended  by  tfie 
Finance  Committee  of  the  Senate,  and  I  believe  that  the  entire  mem- 
bership of  the  Finance  Committee,  whether  republican  or  democratic, 
in  favor  of  or  opposed  to  the  bill,  was  convinced  of  our  sincerity  and 
was  impressed  with  the  arguments  placed  before  them. 

Our  position  was  the  more  rapected  because  we  did  not  play 
politics.  We  made  no  trades;  we  entered  into  no  alliances,  entangling 
or  odierwise;  we  worked  through  no  other  channels;  brought  to  our 
special  aid  no  other  element  opposed  to  the  bill ;  but  stood  on  the  merits 
of  our  own  case.  When  the  final  vote  came  and  the  reciprocity  bill 
was  adopted  we  accepted  the  decision  and  made  no  effort  whatsoever 
to  affect  the  campaign  in  Canada,  which  we  were  charged  with  doing. 

The  Natkmal  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association's  ttcord  is 
absohitdy  dean  md  optn  in  all  this  matter.  I  am  glad  to  be  able  to 
assure  you  that  whatever  your  opinions  might  be  as  to  ^e  merit  of  die 
reciprocity  bill  or  the  policy  of  the  association  toward  it,  you  need  not 
be  ashamed  of  any  acts  or  policies  in  this  connection  of  those  who 
represented  you.  What  was  done  was  in  pursuance  of  the  strongest 
possible  mandate  that  could  come  fr<Hn  a  body  such  as  this  to  its 
eacecntiTe  officials. 

THE  LUMBER  TARIFF 

The  tariff  matter  is  not  closed.   The  probalnlities  are  that  in  the 

next  session  of  Congress  a  proposition  will  be  made  to  put  lumber 
upon  the  free  list,  perhaps  in  connection  with  other  tariff  revisions, 
but  perhaps  as  an  independent  measure.  It  will  be  for  the  association 
to  say  what,  if  any,  stq>s  shall  be  taken  in  comntction  with  such  a 
proposition. 

Allow  me  to  sptak  frankly  as  to  what  I  have  learned  as  to  die 
attitude  of  lumbermen  in  ^s  matter.   The  majority  believe  that  in 

the  interest  of  conservation  there  should  be  such  a  duty  as  we  have 
at  present,  which,  being  specific,  is  protective  only  upon  the  lower 
grades;  and  that  national  fair  play  would  require,  so  bug  as  we  are 
optfitiaf  under  our  prcMnt  financial  system,  that  the  very  small  duty 


Rsratr  OF  the  Manager 


41 


upon  lumber  should  not  be  disturbed,  and  that  this  is  true  whether  the 

tariff  be  viewed  either  from  a  protective  or  revenue  standpoint.  Some 
sections  feel  that  their  comparatively  new  or  heavily  burdened  industry 
needs  some  protection. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  are  some  who  are  opposed  to  any  import 
duties  whatsoever,  even  for  revenue.  There  arc  more  who  feel  that 
the  protectkm  to  lumber  is  so  slight  under  the  present  tariff  that  the 
benefit  of  its  retention  is  hardly  worth  the  cost  of  an  effort  to  retam  it 
or  any  criticism  that  it  might  arouse. 

A  distinguished  senator  only  three  months  ago  said:  "I  think 
even  you  have  little  idea  of  how  intense  the  prejudice  against  the 
lumber  business  is.  Almost  everybody  here  in  both  ends  of  the  Capitol 
knows  that  diere  is  no  lumber  trust,  but  public  c^inion  has  great 
weight  and  I  believe  that  if  somebody  were  to  get  up  in  the  House  and 
offer  a  resolution  that  all  sawmills  should  be  burned  and  all  private 
timber  confiscated  it  would  pass  with  a  whoop.'* 

This  was  a  cartoon,  but  it  expressed  a  fact  which  a  good  many 
of  our  people  recognize  when  they  say  that  it  would  be  better  not  to 
make  another  fight  for  an  import  duty  on  lumber — that  if  lumber 
be  put  upon  the  free  list,  while  many  lumbermen  will  suffer  in  one  way 
or  another,  the  people,  after  all,  wiU  be  the  chief  bsers. 

Yet  some  lumber  sections  and  some  special  classes  of  producers 
feel  that  the  maintenance  of  the  duty  is  of  great  importance  to  them. 
Recently  I  have  been  asked  to  bring  the  influence  of  the  association 
to  bear  against  the  growing  importation  of  Mexican  pine  and  of 
Asiatic  oak.  Manufacturers  on  our  North  Pacific  Coast  who  are  not 
also  interested  in  Brhish  Colun^  dread  removal  of  the  duty  and 
strongly  urge  its  retention. 

NATIONAL  FOREST  SERVICE 

I  wish  to  congratulate  this  association  and  the  people  upon  the 
personnel  and  policy  of  the  National  Forest  Service.  It  appreciates 
the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  forest  conservation  and  so  is  patient.  An 
admirable  spirit  of  intelligence  and  fair  play  is  shown  by  those  who 
compose  it.  It  is  constantly  urgmg  lumbmnen  toward  better  mediods, 
and  sometimes  to  do  things  which  at  present  seem  impracticable;  but 
on  the  other  hand,  it  appreciates  the  importance  of  the  financial  ques- 
tions and  the  practical  difficulties  involved. 

We  had  hoped  to  have  with  us  at  this  meeting  Forester  Graves, 


42         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

but  he  is  rq)rcscntcd  on  the  prc^ram  by  the  head  of  one  of  the  most 
important  branches  of  the  Service. 

forest  products  laboratory 

At  Madison,  Wis.,  the  Forest  Service  has  had  in  operation  for 

nearly  two  years  a  laboratory  for  investigation  of  all  problems  relat- 
ing to  forest  products ;  their  characteristics,  better  utilization,  preserva- 
tion, etc. 

Lumbermen  expressed  much  interest  in  this  institution  when  it 
was  bdng  planned  and  when  it  was  opened,  hut  there  their  interest 
seemed  to  cease.  The  director  of  the  laboratory  informs  me  that  not 
for  a  year  has  a  single  lumberman  visited  that  institution,  while  every 

day  come  to  it  men  engaged  in  other  lines  concerned  with  forest  prod- 
ucts, as  paper  and  pulp.  A  standing  committee  of  paper  men  visit  it 
regularly.  It  is  frequently  inspected  by  visitors  from  abroad.  Almost 
every  foreign  country  of  importance  has  sent  its  representatives  to  see 
mtmt  Uncle  Sam  is  dou^  at  his  laboratory. 

The  woric  it  does  wiU  very  largely  be  determined  by  the  demands 
made  upon  it,  and  it  will  be  of  direct  value  to  the  lumber  business  if 
lumbermen  call  upon  it  for  assistance  and  cooperate  with  it. 

Any  of  the  questions  which  are  met  with  individually  will  be 
gladly  taken  up  by  this  institution  if  you  will  present  them  to  it.  Let 
mt  suggest  to  you,  gentlemen,  who  by  your  presence  here  show  your 
interest  in  problons  of  interest  to  the  lumbermen,  that  you  also  di^lay 
your  interest  in  this  work  and  give  it  your  encouragement  and  assist 
it  with  your  advice,  by  making  it  a  point  to  visit  this  laboratory. 

AN  important  government  PUBLICATION 

Last  year  two  members  of  the  Forest  Service  in  collaboration  pre- 
pared a  paper  on  the  Lumber  Industry.  It  is  to  be  published  as  a  bulle- 
tin entitled  "Tendencies  in  Forest  Utilization."  It  is  a  study  of  the 
Lumber  Industry  written  by  men  who  are  as  closely  in  touch  with  the 
business  as  outsiders  can  be,  and  who  sympathize  with -the  difficulties  of 
att  sorts  met  by  lumbermen. 

The  paper  deals  wtdi  maimfacturing  and  maricet  proUems.  It 
goes  at  length  hto  the  subject  of  substitution  as  affecting  tiie  himber 
business.  Akogether  it  is  a  remarkable  paper  which  should  be  read 
with  care  by  every  lumber  manufacturer. 

Great  efforts  have  been  made  by  both  this  assodatioo  and  the 


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43 


Forest  Service  to  have  the  bulletin  ready  for  distribution  at  this  meet- 
ing ;  but  it  has  undergone  revision  after  revision,  special  investigation 
having  been  made  in  connection  with  it,  and  our  last  advice,  April  25, 
was  that  it  would  not  even  be  in  galley  proof  by  the  time  of  this  meet- 
ing. However,  in  a  very  few  weeks  this  work  will  be  distributed  to 
all  the  members  of  the  association  and  I  ask  you  to  give  it  more  serious 
consideration  than  you  give  to  many  puUicatkms  of  the  Forest  Service. 
It  may  contain  some  unpleasant  and  revealing  facts  and  conclusions, 
but  if  the  conclusions  are  soundly  based  there  is  all  the  mqre  reascm 
for  facing  them  frankly. 

INDUSTRIAL  WORKERS  OF  THE  WORLD 

A  matter  to  which  I  feel  you  should  give  consideration,  both  as 
lumbermen  and  citizens,  is  involved  in  the  activities  of  what  is  known 
as  the  "Industrial  Workers  of  the  World." 

We  have  not  always  agreed  with  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor»  but  here  is  a  new  m-Americaa  aad  anti-American  body,  which 
literally  as  wdl  as  ^[uratively  tranq>tes  upon  the  American  flag.  It 
is  back  of  the  anarchistic  spirit  which  has  prevailed  in  political  con- 
ventions where  the  American  flag  was  replaced  by  the  red  flag. 

Its  spirits  and  methods,  however,  affect  us  as  business  men. 
Seemingly  it  has  no  defined,  no  orderly  method  of  procedure— its 
purpose  is  to  destroy  and  bring  chaos  in  place  of  order  protected  by 
law. 

I  would  suggest  that  partkokr  consideratkm  be  given  by  this  body 
to  this  new  propaganda  of  ignorance  and  hate,  and  determine  what 

our  attitude  shall  be  toward  it,  not  merely  as  citizens,  but  as  repre- 
sentatives of  an  industry  which  has  been  particularly  attacked. 

FREE  TOLLS  ON  PANAMA  CANAL 

Regulations  to  govern  the  Panama  Canal  are  of  great  interest  to 
every  lumberman,  but  especially  to  the  producers  of  the  Pacific  coast 
and  the  hardwood  manufacturers  of  the  East  As  patriotic  citizens, 
we  want  die  canal  to  devdop  American  resotiroes,  to  build  up  Amer- 
ican trade,  and  especially  to  facilitate  conunerce  between  our  Atiantic 
and  Pacific  coast. 

The  canal  is  going  to  be  opened  whether  we  like  it  or  not,  and 
the  real  question  is  as  to  the  regulations  covering  it.  It  is  generally 
admitted  that  if  tolls  are  equal  to  vessels  of  every  flag,  foreigners  and 


44         National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association 

foreign  commerce  will  profit  more  by  it  than  we  who  built  it.  The 
canal  is  being  dug  and  must  be  operated  under  the  provisions  of 
solemn  treaties  with  Great  Britain  and  the  Republic  of  Panama.  It  is 
evident  that  we  cannot  in  good  Udth,  unless  the  treaties  be  amended, 
allow  American  vessels  to  have  any  competitive  advantage  m  the  use 
of  the  canal. 

But  President  Taft  admitted  at  San  Francisco  last  fall,  and  it  is 
the  general  tenor  of  expert  opinion,  both  American  and  foreign,  that 
we  can  admit  our  purely  domestic  trade  through  the  canal  at  lower  tolls 
than  diarged  foreign  vessds,  or  free.  This  is  because  foreign  vessels 
have  not,  for  ninety  years,  been  allowed  to  engage  in  our  coastwise, 
port-to-port  trade,  eitiier  directly  or  indirectly.  This  being  the  case, 
a  demand  is  made  by  the  entire  Pacific  coast,  and  by  almost  every 
commercial  body  on  either  the  Gulf  or  Atlantic  coasts,  that  the  canal 
be  opened  free  to  coastwise  business. 

We  had  hoped  that  Mr.  J.  N.  Teal,  of  Portland,  Ore.,  who  has 
given  much  time  and  attention  to  this  matter,  and  who  has  appeared 

in  its  behalf  before  congressional  committees  and  commercial  bodies, 
would  be  able  to  address  us  on  the  subject;  but  in  his  absence  I  am 
asked  to  present  this  matter  briefly,  because  it  is  hoped  the  National 
Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  will  reaffirm  its  action  of  a  year 
ago  in  nyomfnending  the  passage  of  a  bill  which  will  give  this  relief 
to  our  coastwise  trade. 

Many  measures  are  proposed.  Some  want  high  tolls  on  all  ship- 
ping, some  low  tolls,  some  demand  free  ships,  some  demand  a  refund 
on  tolls,  either  on  coastwise  trade  or  on  all  our  shipping  using  the 
canal.  One  of  our  Board  of  Governors  has  tentatively  suggested  that 
the  law  might  be  amended  so  that  our  coast-to-ooast  trade  through  the 
canal  should  not  be  deemed  coastwise  and,  therefore,  vessels  of  any 
flag  could  be  admitted  to  it.  The  objection  to  most  of  these  remedies 
is  that  while  they  might  be  more  far-reaching  and  desirable  in  the  long 
run,  it  will  take  too  much  time  to  overcome  prejudice  against  them. 
They  deal  with  long  standing  laws,  or  ancient  customs,  or  deep-rooted 
prejiKlices,  and  canal  tolls  and  regulations  must  be  proclaimed  within 
a  year. 

To  open  the  canal  free  to  our  coastwise  trade  will  require  the 
amendment  of  no  law,  will  not  involve  the  tariff  difficulty,  and  if  it 
can  be  done  at  all  it  can  be  done  promptly.  So  far  as  it  goes  it  will 


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Without  such  assistance  the  development  of  untouched  resources 
on  the  Pacific  coast  will  go  on  more  rapidly  in  British  Columbia  and 
Mexico  than  in  our  own  territory.  And  the  manufacturers  of  Europe, 
who  compete  with  our  own  manufacturers,  will  have  transportation 
advantages  which  in  many  cases  will  offset  our  import  duties. 

Furthermore,  this  measure  will  tend  to  build  up  a  merchant 
marine  of  the  true  deep  sea  character,  for  a  voyage  between  the  Pacific 
and  Atlantic  ports  is  a  long  one  and  requires  vessels  of  stability. 

It  is  sometimes  argued  that  so  far  as  lumber  is  concerned  it 
would  be  for  ikt  benefit  of  the  Pacific  lumbermen  as  against  the  manu- 
facturers in  the  East.  In  all  probability  the  fir  people  will  profit  more 
from  the  canal  than  the  yellow  pine  producers ;  but  eastern  woods  will 
also  profit.  But  it  should  be  remembered  that  we  are  short  of  vessels, 
that  when  the  canal  is  open  there  will  not  be  the  tonnage  available 
greatly  to  increase  west  coast  shipments  into  the  Gulf  or  Atlantic 
ports.  The  vessels  must  be  built  and  that  will  take  time. 

At  first,  I  think,  you  of  the  East  and  South  will  iK)t  fed  the  West 
Coast  competition,  for  the  above  reason,  and  for  the  additional  reason 
that  the  first  movement  will  be  of  lumber  and  timber  for  special  pur- 
poses, and  which  will  not  seriously  affect  the  markets  for  eastern 
woods.  And  by  the  time  the  west  coast  has  the  ships  to  take  advan- 
tage of  the  canal,  and  the  manufacturers  of  the  East  have  developed 
die  full  possibilities  of  a  west-bound  trade  in  lumber  through  the 
canal,  it  will  be  wondered  why  there  should  have  been  any  hesitancy 
in  the  matter. 

Just  at  present,  however,  those  lumber  manufacturing  sections 
which  hope  to  be  especially  benefited  by  the  Panama  Canal  appeal  to 
you  to  assist  in  what  seems  to  them  the  only  immediate  solution  of  the 
toll  problem. 

There  is  still  a  broader  view.  The  devdopment  of  our  country 
which  should  follow  the  opening  of  this  great  world  waterway  should 

so  increase  population,  so  develop  its  latent  resources,  so  enlarge  its 
manufactures  and  commerce,  that  the  increased  demand  for  lumber 
will  take  care  of  any  surpluses  now  existing,  or  which  are  feared. 

INSUKANCB  OF  STANKNG  TIMBER 

Some  attention  has  been  given  to  the  possibility,  at  least  in  special 
cases,  of  insuring  standing  stumpage  against  loss  by  fire. 

Since  standing  timber  has  come  to  be  the  basis  of  bond  issues  it 


46         National  Lumber  Manufactuioas'  Association 


would  seem  that  insurance  protection  to  such  securities  might  properly 
be  offered  and  that  the  time  will  come  when  any  timberman  could 
Instire  Us  holdings  against  fire  loss  as  now  the  saw  mill  is  protected. 
Im  this  connecticm  we  asked  Mr.  James  D.  LacQr,  whom  yon  all  realize 

as  an  authority  on  timber  land  matters,  to  prepare  a  paper  on  this 
subject.  He  found  it  impossible  with  his  other  engagements  to  give 
it  the  necessary  attention,  but  I  will  quote  from  a  letter  received  from 
him. 

"I  gave  this  matter  considerable  attention  two  or  three  years  ago 
and  discussed  the  feasibility  of  it  with  several  insurance  companies, 
but  could  get  no  expression  from  tten  other  than  that  it  would  be 
almost  impossible  to  insure  timber  lands,  owing  to  the  difficulty,  par- 
ticularly, of  taking  care  of  the  fire  hazard.  Since  that  time,  however, 
a  great  deal  has  been  done  in  the  West  in  the  way  of  organizing  forest 
fire  protective  associations,  both  by  the  Government,  the  State  and 
by  individuals,  and  it  might  not  be  as  difficult  today  to  interest  insur- 
ance capital  as  it  was  a  few  years  ago  in  an  enterprise  oC  this  kind. 
I  still  believe,  however,  that  it  is  going  to  take  some  time  yet  to  bring 
about  the  necessary  education  to  establish  timber  insurance  on  a  basis 
that  would  warrant  the  large  timber  owners  in  insuring  their  lands. 
The  one  instance  in  which  it  worked  was  through  the  English  Lloyds, 
by  Price  Brothers  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  of  Quebec,  who  insured  a  certain  portion 
of  their  standing  timber  for  the  further  protection  of  a  five  million  bond 
issne.  This  is  tht  first  instance  I  know  of  mhtrt  insurance  was  taken 
lor  soch  a  purpose,  and  it  is  but  another  indication  of  the  upward 
movement  toward  eventually  establishing  suitable  rates  of  insurance 
for  standing  timber." 

CORRESPONDENCE  WITH  THE  PRESIDENT 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  the  work  of  the  year  has 
been  the  effort  to  obtain  from  the  National  Department  of  Commerce 
and  Labor  a  report  on  its  investigation  of  the  lumber  business. 

Appeals  for  publicity,  which  would  put  the  lumber  manufacturing 
industry  in  its  proper  light  before  the  people,  had  been  unavailing; 
but  it  was  decided  to  make  one  more.  Therefore  a  letter  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  was  prepared,  submitted  to  the  Board  of 
Governors  for  their  approval,  and,  as  finally  revised,  was  mailed  to 
the  President  on  December  14  last.  Re^KXise  was  made  by  the  Presi- 
dent  on  February  2, 1912,  in  the  ihape  of  an  antografA  tetter,  enclosing 


Report  of  the  Manager 


47 


copy  of  statement  made  to  him  by  Secretary  Nagel.  To  this  state- 
ment of  Secretary  Nagel  the  Manager,  with  the  approval  of  President 
Griggs,  replied.  You  are  ^miliar  with  the  correspcxkience  up  to  this 
point,  as  a  copy  of  it  was  sent  to  eadi  member  of  the  affiliated 
associations. 

After  President  Taft  had  given  permission  to  make  it  public  it 
was  sent  out  by  the  Associated  Press  with  a  news  summary,  which 
summary  was  used  by  many  of  the  daily  papers  in  different  parts  of 
the  country.  About  one  thousand  copies  of  the  summary  and  cor- 
respondence were  thus  distributed.  The  United  Press  also  sent  out  a 
briefer  summary.  This  method  of  handling  and  the  release  date  were 
suggested  by  the  Associated  Press.  The  correspondence  was  rdcased 
for  the  afternoon  papers  of  April  5,  and  many  morning  papers  of  the 
succeeding  day  did  not  use  them;  but  we  have  nevertheless  received 
widespread  publicity.  Newspapermen  particularly  appreciated  the  fact 
that  here  is  a  great  industry  accused  of  being  trust  controlled,  which 
not  <mly  welcomes  investigation  but  demands  publicity. 

G>pies  of  the  correspondence  were  sent  to  members  of  Congress 

and  to  many  other  public  men.  Lumbermen  visiting  Washington  since 
its  publication  report  that  there  is  a  somewhat  different  atmosphere 
there  regarding  the  lumber  business,  and  a  disposition  to  credit  the 
lumber  maimfactarers  with  taking  the  proper  attitude  toward  the 
public 

On  publication  of  this  matter  the  United  Press  had  a  brief  inter- 
view with  Commissioner  Herbert  Knox  Smith,  of  the  Bureau  of 
Corporations,  reported  in  the  following  dispatch : 

"Warttfagtoi^  D.  O.,  April  5. — Complete  ignonuice  of  a  combine  to  con- 
trol tlM  lumber  manufacturing  industry  is  exprMMd  hme  today  by  Herbert 
Knox  Smith,  Oommissloner  of  CorporationB,  in  reply  to  the  demand  of  tbe 
National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  to  publish  the  result  of  his 
investigation  of  the  alleged  lumber  trust.  Smith  said:  'As  far  as  we  have 
been  able  to  ascertain,  no  group  of  individuals  control,  dominate  or  influence 
to  any  great  extent  the  lumber  manufacturing  industry.  However,  there  are 
a  few  iadividiiAls  who,  to  a  certain  extent^  appear  to  control  the  standing 
timber.' " 

This  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  first  plain  and  unequivocal  state- 
ment as  to  what  was  discovered  or  not  discovered  by  the  five-year 
kmg  investigation  of  ^  lumber  business,  so  far  as  related  to  the 
Hnabtr  manu^ictarers.  It  jm  gnren,  so  ^  at  I  can  dteover,  mdt 


48         National  I^umbbr  Manufacturers'  Assocx^tion 

circulation,  but  its  brevity  obscured  it,  and  it  did  not  reach  the  clients 
of  the  Associated  Press. 

This  pttbUc  statemoit  of  Commissioaer  Smith,  confirming  what 
he  has  said  privately  to  lumbermen,  should  have  all  the  publicity  that 

can  be  given  it. 

The  letter  of  March  i  to  the  President  in  answer  to  Secretary 
Nagers  letter  was  not  the  end  of  the  correspondence.  March  22  the 
President  transmitted  another  letter  from  Secretary  Nagel,  in  which 
the  Secretary  still  mamtains  that  the  report  on  standii^  tunber  had 

immediate  relevance  to  the  question  of  Trusts  in  the  manufacture  and 
marketing  of  lumber.  Also  he  states  we  were  mistaken  in  assuming 
that  the  Steel  investigation  was  begun  and  completed  before  the  lumber 
investigation  was  authorized  by  Congress.  And  the  Secretary  further 
insisted  on  his  point  that  a  verdict  can  be  rendered  only  by  the  courts 
and  not  by  his  department. 

The  whole  correspondence  was  carried  on  with  scrupulous  regard 
to  the  courtesy  due  the  Administration,  and  while  we  differ  with  the 
authorities  at  Washington  on  many  points,  we  feel  that  there  is  a 
better  understanding  on  both  sides;  that  the  lumber  industry  stands 
better  with  the  administration  today  than  last  year.  And  Commis- 
^oaet  Smith's  frank  statement  that  nothing  mvolving  the  manufac- 
turer of  lumber  m  methods  objectionable  to  the  law  had  been  discovered 
is  appreciated. 

One  development  of  this  correspondence  may  be  noted:  On 
Fetmuury  a,  Secretary  Nagel  stated  that  the  investigation  was  not 
finished,  notwithstanding  that  two  years  ago  Commissioner  Smith 
stated  he  hoped  to  be  able  to  make  his  report  in  thirty  to  sixty  days. 

Since  our  correspondence  with  the  President  one  of  our  affiliated  asso- 
ciations has  been  examined  by  the  Bureau  of  Corporations,  and  per^ 
haps  we  must  wait  for  a  final  report  until  the  books  and  records  of 
all  our  affiUated  associatkms  and  of  die  National  itself  have  been 
scrutinized. 

Coincident  is  an  investigation  being  made  by  the  Department  of 
Justice,  though  now  suspended  because  of  suits  against  organizations 
of  dealers,  resulting  from  investigations  made  last  year.  The  gentle- 
man in  charge  of  the  lumber  cases  in  the  Department  of  Justice  has 
assured  me  that  there  will  be  no  unnecessary  delay  in  carrying  on  his 
work,  and  that  rmiHs  will  be  obtained  and  announced  just  as  rapidly 
as  the  small  force  at  his  command  will  permit  The  promptness  shown 


Report  of  the  Manager 


49 


by  the  Department  of  Justice  is  to  be  commended,  and  I  believe  that 
the  results  will  be  in  the  line  of  justice. 

WORLD  TODAY  AITICLB 

When  the  Cosmop(4itan  Magazine,  last  November,  announced  it 
was  to  pMUish  a  series  of  articles  by  Charles  £.  Russdl,  now  proposed 
Socialist  candidate  for  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States,  demon- 
strating the  fiendish  character  of  the  Lumber  Trust,  considerable 
interest  was  aroused  in  what  this  gentleman  would  have  to  say. 

Your  Manager  promptly  took  the  matter  up  with  the  Cosmopolitan 
and  was  told  that  the  series  would  not  after  all  be  published  by  that 
magazine,  but  would  appear  in  the  World  Today,  a  magazine  of  die 
same  ownerdup,  which  is  now  known  as  the  Hearst  Magazine. 

I  suggested  that  I  would  like  to  contribute  an  article  to  be  pub- 
lished in  the  same  issue  with  the  first  of  Mr.  Russell's  series,  or  else 
to  have  the  privilege  of  answering  it  after  it  was  finished.  I  was 
invited  to  submit  such  an  article,  and  did  so,  but  it  was  returned  as 
unavailable.  The  reasons  probably  were  two:  In  the  first  place,  the 
article  was  too  tong;  and  in  the  second  place,  it  would  have  pretty 
neariy  killed  die  effecdveness  of  Mr.  Russclfs  ardd^  had  it  been 
pul^ished  at  the  same  time  his  began,  for  it  told  the  facts  of  the  lumber 
business,  which  facts  were  substantiated  by  government  reports  and 
statistics,  so  far  as  they  were  available. 

Probably  all  of  you  have  seen  the  Russell  series,  which  proclaims 
the  existence  of  a  trust  which  is  not  a  trust,  and  die  use  of  ill^;al  and 
uneoooomic  methods  adopted  by  men  who  bdieve  they  are  r^;fat  aiid 
wiUing  to  go  to  jail  lor  their  eonvktions.  The  series  was  so  full  of 
misstatements,  half  truths  and  slander,  and  yet  so  unsubstantial,  that 
in  the  minds  of  intelligent  readers  it  carried  with  it  its  own  antidote. 
The  general  opinion  of  lumbermen  with  whom  I  have  talked,  as  well 
as  of  officers  of  the  National  association,  is  that  it  is  unworthy  of  atten- 
tioo.  However,  some  of  our  friends  are  seddi^  ways  and  means  to 
answer  Mr.  Russdl 

  «  .  ... 

SAK  FRANOSOO  BXF08ITION 

The  great  exposition  of  1915  at  San  Francisco,  which  promises 
to  exceed  in  cost  and  attractiveness  any  one  previously  held,  oStn  a 
great  opportmiity  for  an  advertising  dii^y  ef  American  hmibcr 
resoufces  and  products.  It  will  give  a  diance  (o  demonstrate  to  die 


50        National  Lumber  MANUFAcnmns'  Association 

people  of  this  country  the  utflity  of  wood  and  it  seems  to  many  that  it 
is  an  advertising  of^xntmiity  that  should  not  be  n^kcted.  While 
this  exposition  is  three  years  ahead  it  is  not  too  soon  to  b^  prqpa- 

rations  for  it. 

A  tentative  proposition  has  been  made  on  the  Pacific  coast  to  uiis 
effect :  That  each  of  five  western  lumber  states  should  have  a  build- 
ing showing  its  particular  products  in  the  most  attractive  way.  Build- 
ings in  the  bungalow  style  have  been  suggested,  built  and  furnished  in 
native  woods. 

Another  suggestion,  which  seems  to  meet  with  favor  on  the  Padfic 
coast,  surrenders  their  particular  advantage  in  favor  of  a  national 
exhibit  under  the  leadership  of  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
Association.  Two  plans  have  been  suggested.  One  is  that  a  large 
building  should  be  erected  to  contain  a  central  meeting  room,  parlors 
and  other  conveniences,  and  also  a  room  or  suite  of  rooms  for  each 
affiliated  association  in  which  could  be  dispUyed  thcur  particular 
products. 

Another  is  for  a  central  building,  not  necessarily  very  large,  to  be 
erected  by  the  National  association,  around  which  should  be  arranged 
analler  buildings  representing  eadi  affiliated  association.  Thus  there 
would  be  yellow  pine,  cypress.  North  Carolina  pmc,  the  northern  hard- 
wood, southern  hardwood,  white  pine,  western  pine,  fir,  sugar  phie  and 
redwood  buildings,  etc. 

It  is  also  suggested  that  perhaps  the  exhibit  of  the  National  asso- 
datioa  could  be  coordinated  with  or  handled  in  cooperation  with  that 
of  ^  National  Forest  Service. 

If  either  of  these  plans  is  selected,  the  Naticmal  assodation  itself 
might  prepare  an  exhibit  along  the  lines  of  its  advertising  work,  in 
which  it  would  promote  the  use  of  wood  as  against  unworthy  substi- 
tutes. A  series  of  photographs  could  show  the  merits  of  the  wooden 
railway  car  as  against  the  steel  car,  and  the  advertising  department  of 

National  aModation  could  prepare  positive  exhibits  in  many  lines, 
as  in  building  constructbn,  packages,  etc,  which  woukl  make  a  pro- 
found impression  upon  visitors.  Then  to  the  different  associations 
could  be  left  the  exploitation  of  their  particular  woods. 

Whatever  is  to  be  done  along  this  line  should  be  set  on  foot,  per- 
fif|i«  auliiority  bang  given  to  the  advertising  conmiittee  to  handle  it 
or  some  special  committee  being  appwnted  to  cooperate  with  the 
advertising  committee. 


RiroiT  OP  THE  Managsk 


51 


Judging  from  the  cost  of  such  thmgs  in  the  past,  it  would  perhaps 
not  be  an  unsafe  estimate  that  $50,000  would  cover  the  cost  of  the 
central  exhibit  building  made  of  wood.  Then  eadi  affiliated  association 

could  devote  what  money  it  wishes  to  an  exhibit  of  its  particular  lines. 

It  has  been  proposed  with  approval  that  there  should  be  organized 
a  Forest  Products  £jqx>sitk>n  abi^  the  line  of  other  industry  shows 
which  have  been  very  successfully  promoted  and  have  been  of  grei^ 
advertising  value.  Notable  among  such  expositions  have  been  the 
Cement,  Automobile,  Farm  Products  and  Live  Stock  Shows. 

Someone  has  raised  the  objection,  "What  can  we  show?  Every- 
body knows  what  lumber  is.''  On  the  contrary,  no  cement  or  brick 
show  could  be  so  varied  in  its  attractions,  so  appeal  to  hereditary 
instinct  and  the  k>ve  of  the  beautiful  as  a  Forest  Products  Show.  If 
it  were  decided  to  go  into  such  an  enterprise  it  would  be  the  means  of 
gathering  experience  and  material  for  the  International  Exposition  at 
San  Francisco  in  1915,  and  if  successful  might  accumulate  a  fund 
which  would  install  and  carry  through  that  which  must  necessarily 
be  a  free  show.  Doubtless  you  have  all  seen  statements  of  what  such 
a  show  should  consist  It  should  be  both  educatkmal  and  entertahung. 
It  should  attract  visitors  by  its  uniqueness  and  beauty  and  when  their 
attention  is  fixed  should  educate  them  to  appreciation  of  the  value  of 
wood.  It  should  promote  the  consumption  of  wood  as  cement  shows 
have  promoted  the  consumption  of  cement. 

In  such  an  expositkm  every  one  of  our  associations  could  find  a 
place  for  whatever  would  draw  the  attentbn  of  the  public  to  its  own 
products.  Numerous  ideas  are  suggested  to  draw  the  crowds.  A 
miniature  logging  plant  might  be  in  constant  operation,  with  skidders, 
donkey  engine,  log  loaders  and  all  the  paraphernalia  that  in  any  part 
of  the  country  finds  place  in  the  business.  Moving  pictures  could 
show  the  actual  work.  There  could  be  model  saw  and  planing  mills. 
Not  only  lumber  manufacture  could  be  displayed,  but  veneer,  cooper- 
age, sash  and  doors,  flooring  aiKl  the  ornamental  uses  of  wood  could 
be  shown.  Appropriate  decoratbn  would  make  such  an  exposition 
notably  attractive.  Three  or  four  such  shows  could  be  held  each 
winter  season  until  the  San  Francisco  Exposition ;  ten  or  twelve  in  all, 
running  ten  days  or  two  weeks  in  such  cities  as  Chicago,  Pittsburgh, 
New  York,  Kansas  City  and  Los  Angeles,  central  points  and  where  we 
wish  to  push  our  advocacy  of  wood. 

The  financial  end  of  such  a  matter  will  not  be  overlooked  by  any 


52  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


of  you.  Money  is  necessary,  but  not  so  much  as  you  would  dunk. 
Probably  none  of  the  shows  of  the  sort  in  mind  have  required  th« 
raising  of  as  much  as  $20,000  in  cold  cash.  Properly  backed,  credit 
has  fumidied  the  money  and  the  pr<^ts  have  taken  care  of  the 
iiKiMtedness.  It  should  not  be  merely  a  money-making  affair,  f uU  of 
catch-penny  devices,  but  should  be,  while  an  attnMrtive  show,  educa- 
tional and  of  large  advertising  value  to  the  lumber  industry. 

In  a  general  way,  what  seems  necessary,  if  such  a  thing  is  to  be 
successfully  and  satisfactorily  promoted,  is  for  the  lumbermen  them- 
selves to  back  such  a  show  financially  and  put  in  charge  of  it  experi- 
eoccd  men  who  will  be  given  sufficient  money  inducement  to  handle  it 
to  tiie  best  of  their  abiUty ,  and  then  hokl  over  diem  those  famed  powers 
of  the  initiative,  referendum  and  recall. 

At  the  request  of  the  Chair,  Secretary  George  K.  Smidi,  of  St 
Louis,  Mo.,  read  his  report. 

Rqport  of  Secr^ary 

MEMBERSHIP 


The  membership  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year,  March  31,  1912, 
consists  of  twelve  associations,  with  members  and  yearly  production 
as  f oUows : 


—  Delegoites  — 

Ananiiiatioii.                            No.  Memh&rB 

Production 

44 

620,000,000 

9 

8 

51 

655,243,726 

8 

6 

230 

630,000,000 

9 

9 

Michigan  Hardwood  Mfrs'.  Ass'n... 

64 

304,239,712 

6 

6 

Northern  Hemlock  &  Hdw.  Mfn'. 

83 

600,000,000 

8 

0 

40 

1,404,251,674 

17 

17 

245 

4,068,098,015 

48 

43 

78 

778,085,876 

10 

10 

139 

2,139,572,000 

84 

18 

Pacific  Coast  Sugar  &  W.  P.  Aw 'a... 

14 

167,500,000 

4 

1 

76 

322,042,456 
No  report. 

6 

6 

20 

1,070 

U,58»,008y4l» 

146 

182 

Since  June  i,  191 1,  there  has  been  issued  monthly  a  report  entitled 
"Production  and  Movement  of  Lumber."  It  contains  reports  from 
apfmxknately  seven  hundred  sawmitts,  located  in  twenty-two  sUtes. 


Report  of  the  Seckbtary 


53 


Snmmaij  of  Ott  and  EHiipments— Pvodoetion  Below  Nomial— to  Tea  M<»^M|, 

JvM,  19H,  to  Mtieh,  1912,  iaefaHdve. 

Cut  More 


No,  Mills 

Months,  Bptg. 

June,  1911   4Sl 

Jaiy    408 

August    545 

September   567 

October    085 

NoTember    673 

December    648 

January,  1912    617 

February    671 

Matek    879 


Cut, 
618,500,000 

539,100,000 
796,100,000 
781,500,000 
910,800,000 
782,500,000 
625,400,000 
605,400,000 
778,300,000 
888^,000 


Shipments, 
549,500,000 

499,600,000 
769,100,000 
786,200,000 
936,300,000 
891,300,000 
740,500,000 
738,300,000 
847,500,000 
953,700,000 


than 
Shipped, 
64,000,000 

39,500,000 
27,000,000 


CutLes$ 

than 
Skipped, 


4,700,000 
25,500,090 
108,800,000 
115,100,000 
132,900,000 
69,200,000 
180,300,000 


Totals   5,914    7,256,000,000    7,712,000,000    130,500,000  586,500,000 

Excess  shipments  over  cut  456,000,000  feet,  or  6.28  per  cent. 

Production  Below  Bated  Capacity  of  the  881  MiDs  Beporting  Cut  and  Shipments. 


Feet, 

Tmnb,  1911    276,163,000 

July   286,402,500 

August    404,596,000 

September   345,457,500 

October    587,856,000 

  888,547,000 

•Total  equals  S9JK  per 


Feet, 

December    696,700,000 

January,  1912    712,057,000 

February   500,047,000 

March    514,247,500 

Total   Hjmfif4jm 


Only  one-third  of  the  mills  on  our  mailing  list  have  reported  their 
cut  and  shipments.  If  this  statistical  work  is  ccHitinued  it  shocdd  be; 
supported  by  every  manufacturer  who  is  reque^ied  to  send  in  his 
monthly  report. 

An  interesting  comparison  of  stocks  on  hand  at  the  same  6o8 
mills  at  three  different  periods  has  also  been  compiled  and  is  submitted 
herewith. 

COMPARISON  OP  STOCKS  ON  HAND 


JiO^  1, 1911,  Jmmary  and  AprU  1, 1912, 

No.     Bated       Yearly   Stock  on  hand  

MUls     DaUy      Normal     Feet  in  Millions  A  Tenths. 
Mptg.  Capacity,  Production,   July  1,     Jan.  1,   April  1, 


Ft.inM,  Based  on  1911,  191g,  1912, 
iFStSDays, 

Alabama                           39      2,390  657.3  69.9  63.9  65.1 

Arkansas                             49      3,853  1,059.6  246.5  239.6  228.3 

California                          11        841  2313  78.6  96.8  87.3 

Georgia-Florida                   88      1,565  480.4  88.0  57.0  58.4 

Idaho                                 16      2,575  708.1  360.9  445.4  362.3 

Indiana                               4         54  14.9  6.6  7.7  8.2 

Kentucky                            2        110  30.3  21.5  18.5  16.0 

Loaiuana                        103      8,880  2,717.0  78L0  873.2  854.8 

Hidden                          87      8,888  884.0  808^  288.1  828.8 


54 


National  Lumber  Manufacturbss'  Association 


No,  Bated     Yearly   Stock  on  hand 

MiUa  Daily      Normal  Feet  tn  Mmom  f  Tenthi. 

Mptg,  Capacity, Productiom,  Jviy  1,  Jan.  1,  AprUl, 

Ft,     M.  Based  on  1911.  191S.  IBIM. 
£75  Days. 

Miimesota                           21  4,830      1,328.1  498.6  l»1.5  478.8 

Mi88i88ippi                          49  3,775      1,038.1  161.9  149.6  139.8 

Missouri  Oktekom                 10  590         162.3  54.5  49.5  47.8 

Montana                                4  650         178.8  111.4  122.8  113.0 

North  Carolina                     9  583         160.3  29.4  2«.7  S8.6 

(Mo                                  1  100         27.5  12.4  14.0  10.3 

Oregon                                24  2,788         766.7  171.6  198U5  183.5 

South  Carolina                     8  655        180.1  37.0  81.2  29.6 

Tennessee                             6  165          45.4  M  6.4  5.7 

Tens                                4»  8,770      1,086.8  22105  212U5  174.9 

Virginia                              8  730         200.7  25.7  23.8  18.8 

Washington                           77  8,215       2,259.0  509.5  537.4  494.1 

Wiaconsin                          58  5,067      1,393.4  716.0  685.8  636.4 

TMk   *m  15,450.1     4^406.5     ^JUM  4A8&6 

Net  increase  in  stock  Jan.  1, 1912,  as  compared  with  July  1, 
1211  fT:   42,400,000  ft  or  J% 

Net  decrease  In  slo^  AprU  1,  1912,  as  eompued  with  Jnlj 

1,  1911  300,000,000  ft.  or  6.8% 

Net  decrease  in  stock  April  1,  1912,  as  compared  with  Jan. 

1,  1212  350,400,000  ft  or  7.7% 

Stock  on  hand  July  1,  1911  29.1%  of  yearly  normal  production 

Stock  on  hand  Jan.  1,  1912  29.4%  of  yearly  normal  production 

Stock  on  hand  April  1,  1912  27.1%  of  yearly  normal  production 

MiU  average,  July  1,  1911  7,395,559  ft. 

MiU  mTsnge,  Jan.  1,  1912  7,465,296  ft. 

Mill  ftipern^  AfiU  1,  1912  6,83M^f^ 

The  Manager  handles  the  other  departments  of  this  association, 
and  tl^  work  dcme  through  them  is  covered  in  his  report 

President  Griggs:  The  Treasurer's  report  will  be  made  later. 
We  will  now  have  some  announcements  by  the  Secretary,  and  also  of 
cottvention  committees  appointed. 

Secretary  Smith  :  We  have  a  telegram  here,  the  announcement 
of  which  I  know  will  cause  sorrow  to  all  of  us  here  who  have  been 
attending  these  meetings  for  a  good  many  years.  It  is  as  follows: 

"Eau  Oaire,  Wis.,  May  6,  igia.  George  K.  Smith,  Secretary 
N.  L.  M.  A.,  St.  Louis,  Ma— My  undc,  Eugene  Shaw,  died  diis 
morning.   Funeral  Thursday.  George  B.  Shaw.'* 

We  all  remember  genial  and  pleasant  Eugene  Shaw.  This  will 
be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Resolutions  to  draft  an  appropriate 
tribu^ 


Memorial  Resolution 


55 


President  Griggs:  Does  the  convention  desire  to  take  up  those 
resolutions  now  in  regard  to  Mr.  Shaw?  It  might  be  well  while  we 
have  the  delegates  present  to  read  them. 

By  unanimous  consent  Secretary  Smith  read  the  resolution,  which, 
upon  motion,  was  adc^ed  by  a  rising  and  unanimous  vote,  as  follows : 

Resolutions  on  the  Death  of  Eugene  Shaw 

WHintliAH  Infans  8kaw,  of  Baa  datnf,  mk,  a  tmilMnuui,  a  man  wtlh 
ths  ymwmtA  grac«  of  Um  plmt  Itm  and  kindUnMHi  of  qdrit  as  enduring  as  fho 
heart  of  an  oA,  kas  1mm  called  m  Hw  1I90  prfao  of  Ufa  to  lay  down  Us  oaiUdy 
toardma;  and 

mOBUUkB,  W)t  teTo  long  knom  and  wojietod  kiai; 

IBiOfLTBD,  Tkat  tlM  HatiOBal  Jm/LXm  afaanfadaiM*  dwoftaMon,  la 
confoaUon  ■■wMod  at  OiiieiBBati,  wfeOe  liowlng  la  peraonal  anovw,  do  onlEO 
tMr  Sist  aeliOB  at  tiris  mootiBC  a  iMactf tit  trflwito  aa  mncli  as  words  eaa 
tiM  Iff o  and  works  of.  our  eeanado*  wImoo  body  Has  doad  la  Us 

BESOLVBD,  Tkat  wblle  wo  SMiim  tiM  loai  of  tlio  wliolesonio  friendlinesB 
of  Eugene  Shaw,  we  are  glad  to  express  our  esteem  of  Us  Uf o>  to  Ids  family 
sad  Mands,  by  a  rising  voto,  wkick  Shall  rooord  oar  hoUof  la  konor, 
and  auidiood,  saOh  ss  waa  kli^  sad  oar  belief  tihst  <tf  saOh  sio  tiHss 
soOls  Itvo  fOfovsr;  ofoa  ss  meBMries  of  tkoir  woslk  uudme  la  tho  hearts  of  smb. 

Appointment  of  Committees 

The  appointmadt  of  the  following  ccmYeirticMi  commtttees  was 
announced: 

AUDITING  COMMITTEE 

0.  A.  Babton,  Chainnan  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

H.  Vansant  Ashland,  Ky. 

Oao.  £.  W.  ItOBHaMAMN  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

lESOLUTIONS  COMMimB 

Bdoab  Dalebll,  Ghairman  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

W.  B.  Roper  NorfollL,  Va. 

W.  B.  TowNSEND  Townsend,  Tenn. 

Bbucs  Odell  Cadillac,  Mich. 

G.  B.  JooiiaoK  at  lamB,  Mo. 

NOMINATING  COMMITTEE 

S.  J.  Carpenter,  Chairman  Winnfield,  La. 

£.  W.  Dxmakest  Taeoma,  Wash. 

A.  T.  OaaaANS  Hooma,  La. 

J.  B.  Conrad  Glenwood,  Fla. 

HORTON  CoRWiN,  Jr.  Edenton,  N.  C. 

W.  E.  DeLansy  Cincinanti,  Ohio 

0.  A.  BnoOiOW  Bay  City,  Mich. 

0.  H.  WoaoBSraa  Chicago,  IIL 

T.  L.  Shxvlin  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

A.  W.  Cooper  Spokane,  Wash. 

W.  G.  CELLAR  Merrill,  Wis. 


56         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

credentials  committee 

Lewis  Dostib,  Chairman  CSaeiiiaati,  Ohio 

A.  W.  Cooper  Spokane,  Wash. 

B.  S.  KsLLOGO  Wauaau,  Wis. 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEE  ON  OFFICERS'  RECOMMENDATIONS 

ISvwiXD  Bxtm,  Cktinum  Chicago,  HL 

C.  A.  BiGELOW  Bay  City,  Mich. 

S.  H.  FULLEKTON  St.  LouiSy  Mo. 

INVITATION  TO  HOLD  NEXT  CONVENTION  AT  ST.  LOUIS 

At  this  time  Secretary  Smith  read  an  invitation  from  Con- 
vention Bureau  of  the  City  of  St.  Louis  ttiggesting  the  holding  of  the 

next  annual  meeting  of  the  National  association  in  that  city,  the  same 
being  accompanied  by  personally  signed  letters  from  Governor  Hadley, 
of  Missouri,  the  mayor  of  St  Louis,  etc 

President  Griggs:  We  will  now  hear  the  reports  of  standing 
committees;  first,  the  report  of  the  Conservation  Committee,  J.  B. 
White,  Chairman,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


Report  of  Cooiervatioii  Comiiiittee 


BY  J.  B.  WHITEy  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  I  have  not  been  able  to  get  the 
Conservation  Committee  together  here,  and  the  conferences  that  I 
have  had  widi  them  in  ^  past  six  mon^  have  been  in  the  shape  of 
informal  talks.  However,  I  will  be  glzd  to  make  a  nport  on 

conservation. 

Personally  I  am  enthusiastic  on  the  conservation  of  our  natural 
resources,  but  today  I  feel  that  we  have  had  so  many  troubles  of  our 
own  that  it  seems  that  Heaven  is  farther  off  than  the  other  place  is 
doser  by. 

I  bdieve  Uiat  we  have  got  to  preserve  our  sinkiog  sh^.  We  are 
attacked  by  pirates  from  without  and  by  a  mutinous  crew  from  within. 
We  have  our  labor  troubles.  We  are  assailed  by  a  prejudicial  force 
politically,  taxation  is  unjust;  and  it  does  seem  as  if  it  is  almost 
impossible  to  get  help  from  legislation  to  aid  in  the  conservation  of 
our  natural  resources.  The  lumbermen  have  been  the  friends  of  the 
forests,  and  we  have  contributed  freely,  whenever  we  have  been  asked 
to  do  so,  to  every  cause  to  aid  in  conservation.  We  have  invited  the 
students  from  different  colk^es  into  our  forests  to  have  diem  study 
forestry  and  give  us  the  benefit  of  their  conclusions  upon  actual  exami- 
nation and  familiarity  with  our  conditions ;  but  it  does  appear  as  if  we 
are  losing  ground  and  that  we  are  less  able  to  help  forward  the 
movement  than  heretofore. 

sail  SATES  PLAY  UCPOSTANT  PAST  IN  CONSERVATION 

WHpThe  recent  decision  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  that 
gifts  to  the  Trunk  Line  railroads  greater  freight  rates  and  takes  off 
from  the  Itunbermen  the  rates  that  have  been  established  by  agree- 
ment with  the  railroads,  is  gomg  to  prevent  conservaticMi  to  a  very 
glut  extant  We  have  got  to  have  a  tower  irei|^  rate  if  wt  tose 
our  divisions  as  railroads ;  and  tiiat  has  got  to  come  ^bct  from  the 
people  or  from  the  Trunk  Lines.  If  it  is  saddled  upon  the  people  by 
a  necessary  increase  of  the  cost  of  lumber,  it  is  going  to  be  very  diffi- 

57 


58         National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

cult  indeed  for  them  to  favor  us  with  any  of  their  moral  support 
toward  such  legislation  as  we  need,  because  they  will  be  prejudiced 
against  us.  Th^r  are  already  sufficknUy  prejudked  against  the 
liunbemieiis 

Now  I  do  nol  111%  to  talk  in  this  vein,  but  what  I  get  discouraged 
I  am  apt  to  look  on  the  darker  side.  I  have  been  heretofore  generally 
optimistic,  but  today,  from  present  indications,  I  am  rather  inclined  to 
be  pessimistic.  We  are  not  getting  help  outside.  I  understand  that 
they  have  passed  a  law  making  a  special  tax  in  Mississippi  of  20  cents 
an  acre  against  the  lumbermen,  w1k>  have  over  one  tiiousand  acres  of 
tmiber.  Now  if  that  idea  is  going  to  prevail,  it  is  against  the  idea  and 
principte  of  conservation. 

CUTOVER  LANDS  VALUED  TOO  LOW 


If  we  are  going  to  grow  trees  again  our  cutover  lands  are  worth 
a  great  deal  more  than  we  are  getting  for  them.  We  are  offering  them 
for  from  $4  to  $5  an  acre.  If  the  principle  of  conservation  is  going 
to  be  put  into  effect  those  lands  are  worth  today  from  $10  to  $15  an 
acre  for  the  timber  standing  on  them  after  we  have  removed  die 
merdumtable  lumber  trees,  two  to  SIX  inches  m  diameter.  A  number 
of  them  Stand  on  every  acre  of  our  land  which  it  would  cost  $15  an 
acre  to  grow,  and  we  are  selling  that  land  at  from  $3  to  $5  an  acre. 
If  the  principle  of  forestry  is  true  that  land  is  worth  from  $10  to  $15 
an  acre  because  it  would  cost  that  to  grow  trees  of  the  size  and  age 
that  are  left  after  we  have  removed  our  standing  timber,  we  are  forced 
to  be  inomsistent.  We  are  in  favor  of  conservation,  yet  we  are  <^fer- 
ing  these  lands  at  one-third  of  what  tfiey  are  wchUi  for  conservation 
purposes. 

It  seems  to  me  that  we  have  got  to  obtain  for  our  lumber  what 
it  costs  to  grow  it;  and  if  land  is  worth  $15  an  acre  to  grow  trees  on, 
if  the  stand  that  is  always  on  there  would  cost  $15  an  acre  to  grow  it, 
it  ought  to  be  worth  it  instead  of  what  we  are  selling  it  for,  believing 
it  to  be  all  we  can  get  I  only  mention  these  thou^^  because  I  thmk 

ig  tiie  puMic  upon  this 


diere  ought  to  be  a  united  effort  toward  edi 
question. 

There  was  a  committee  appointed,  of  which  Mr.  Bigelow  was 
chairman,  to  offer  some  resolutions  here  today.  I  have  asked  that  such 
resolutions  be  prepared,  and  Mr.  Bigebw  has  approved  of  them,  as 
dhairman  of  the  committee.  I  will  now  read  the  resohitkms  and  ask 


Report  of  Conservation  Committee 


59 


you  to  vote  upon  them,  as  Mr.  Bigelow  has  requested  me  so  to  do. 
Although  it  would  properly  come  to  him,  he  has  referred  it  to  the 
Gmservation  Committee,  of  which  I  am  chairman.  The  resolutions 
are  as  follows: 

Resolution  of  Committee  on  Conservation 

WHEBEAS,  The  Agricultural  Appropriation  bill,  now  under  considera- 
tion, as  originally  introduced,  provided  a  contingent  fund  of  one  million 
dollars  to  be  used  only  in  fightina  fix^  on  tlie  National  forests,  if  found 
necessary;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  House  of  Representatives  cut  this  item  to  two  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  an  amount  entirely  too  small  for  safety;  and 

WHEREAS,  The  Committee  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry  of  the  Senate 
his  rq^rted  in  favor  of  appropriating  the  mm  originaUy  adnd  for; 

BBSO^VED,  That  tins  HaHonal  XabImk  KiiiafaetaEtn'  Awociatlwi 
•Mam.  Hi  belief,  based  apon  long  experience,  tksk  the  warn  of  one  mflUon 
Miasm  to  be  avaOable  yeazly  for  fire  prtreatloa  when  necenary,  te  the 
aaomtt  that  ooald  with  ssfoty  be  pmvfdod  to  pcotect  one  hudiod 
aad  BiBoty  mflUoa  aereo  of  Hatloiial  fmstai  tnm  fire;  and 

XBBOLVED.  That  this  aMOciatta  ■■■niiiiiiHnff  the  tfeM  Ismsl  auum- 
fuflmaag  iBiBstKy  In  the  Hiatted  Btatei^  aaA  whose  xmw  matiifil  is  fto 
fttiiit^  aahs  li»t  Congress  do  not  f afl  to  viovido  the  fund  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  piotsfll  tho  If attasl  f onsl^  tto  jtopmlf  of  aU  tho  jeepli;  aad  bo 
11  further 

RESOLVED,  That  copies  of  this  reeolottoi  bo  at  oaeo  sent  to  all  Senators 
and  liinibiKS  of  OongriBi. 

Your  committee  offers  this  resolution  and  moves  its  adoption. 
I  thank  you.  [Appkuse.] 

The  motion  carried,  the  resolutions  heing  adopted  as  read. 

PBBsmsNT  GaiGCs:  Nesct  in  order  is  the  report  of  tiie  Committee 
on  Workmen's  Compensation,  of  which  Mr.  Paul  E.  Page,  of  Buckley, 
Wash.,  is  chairman.  In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Page,  Secretary  Smith 
will  read  the  report. 


Rspon  of  Workmen's  Conq>eii8atioii  Conmiitlee 


BY  PAUL  B.  PAGB^  OF  BUCKLEY,  WASH. 

As  a  report  f fom  the  Workmen's  Cooqieiisatioa  Gwunittee  I  here- 
with teller  an  explanation  of  the  Washii^on  Compensation  Act  I 

have  gone  into  considerable  detail  in  order  that  our  members  might 
understand  the  act  thoroughly. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  various  states  have  appointed  commis- 
nons  to  consider  the  problem  of  compensation  for  industrial  accidents 
ated  that  these  commissions  have  worked  Icnr  months  and  efcn  jtars  to 
acc*imi>lwh  anytliiiig,  it  seems  futile  for  onr  assodatkm  to  expect  ^ 
its  Workmen's  Compensation  Committee,  scattered  as  it  is  with  thou- 
sands of  miles  separating  its  members,  could  accomplish  much.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  it  has  been  impossible  to  accomplish  anything  as  a 
committee.  In  lieu  of  a  conunittee  report  I  am  presenting  my  endorse- 
ment of  the  Washington  Compensation  Act,  with  the  earnest  hope  that 
our  members  wiD  not  oi^  comider  it,  but  endorse  it  and  recommend  it 
to  tfie  I^fisbture  of  every  state  in  Hit  Unkm. 

Up  to  the  passage  of  its  Compensation  Act,  the  State  of  Washing- 
ton was  pest-ridden  with  the  employers'  liability  insurance  companies 
and  the  ambulance-chasing  attorney.  Large  sums  of  money  were 
paid  to  the  employers'  liability  companies  for  insurance  against  indus- 
trial accidents,  which,  in  many  cases,  proved  inadequate.  Only  about 
40  per  caA  of  the  amount  of  judgments  rendered  m  cases  brought  for 
personal  damages  ever  fcaciied  the  injured  workman  or  his  dependents, 
and  only  about  10  per  cent  of  tiiose  who  were  injured  ever  received 
anything  at  all. 

The  ambulance-chasing  attorney  had  reached  a  point  where  he 
did  not  hesitate  to  introduce  perjured  testimony  to  win  his  case.  He 
had  become  so  brasen  that  he  did  not  care  whether  the  attorney  lor 
tte  defense  knew  sudb  testimony  to  be  perjured.  He  introduced  his 
perjured  testimony  when  he  laaew  tiie  judge  on  the  bench  must  know 
it  was  perjured. 

Such  a  condition  was  demoralizing  to  the  people,  and  especially  to 
the  young  people  of  our  state.   There  was  a  feeling  of  graft  among 

60 


Rmsr  OF  WcAXMBN's  COMPSNSATIXMf  Com IflTTBB  61 


our  people.  Verdids  for  unreasonable  sums  were  returned  in  cases 
where  there  should  have  been  no  judgment,  and  verdicts  rettuned  for 

no  judgment  in  cases  where  there  should  have  been  a  substantial  ver- 
dict for  damages.  Every  industry  was  menaced  with  the  verdict  of 
some  hysterical  jury,  and  the  fellow  who  got  hurt  saw  large  sums  of 
money  being  spent  in  litigation  in  personal  damage  cases  and  he  got 
little  or  nothing  lo  reimburse  him  for  his  injury. 

FBBUMINAKY  STBfS  TO  SBCUBE  raOTOR  LEGISLATIOM 

In  January,  1910,  at  its  annual  meeting,  the  Pacific  Coast  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association  passed  a  resolution  deploring  the  con- 
ditions which  existed  through  lack  of  adequate  laws  governing  indus- 
trial accidents,  condemning  the  methods  of  the  employers'  liability 
companies  and  asl^ig  that  representatives  of  capital  and  labor  get 
tog^her  and  dense  some  method  by  wfakh  an  injured  mploytt  coukl 
receive  ^  benefit  of  ^  large  sums  of  mcmey  wfa^  were  beii^  wasted 
in  litigation.  This  action  of  the  lumbermen  of  our  state  attracted 
much  attention  and  the  resolution  was  printed  and  commented  on  by 
every  newspaper  in  the  state.  A  mass  meeting  was  held  in  Tacoma  in 
June  of  that  year,  at  which  Governor  Hay  presided,  consisting  of  men 
who  represented  not  cxdy  the  en^oyer  and  employee,  but  professwaal 
and  bnsmess  men  as  well  This  meeting  resulted  in  our  governor 
appointing  a  commission  to  draft  a  biU  on  woikmca's  compcnsalbtt  to 
present  to  the  next  legislature. 

This  commission  was  composed  of  five  employers  of  labor,  three 
lumbermen,  a  logger  and  a  coal  mine  operator,  and  five  representatives 
of  labcM*  unions,  two  coal  miners,  a  carpenter,  a  printer  and  a  loco- 
motive engmeer. 

Tiie  first  meeting  of  this  commission  was  hdd  in  Taooma  on  Sep- 
tember 29,  and  at  ^t  meeting  we  decided  tiiat  none  of  us  were  tliere 

to  drive  a  hard  bargain  for  the  interest  we  represented,  but  to  work  as 
a  unit  to  accomplish  some  good  for  all  interests.  So  well  was  this 
decision  carried  out  that  during  all  of  the  many  meetings  held  by  the 
comn^ission  it  would  have  been  impossible  for  an  outsider  in  listening 
to  our  deliberatkms  to  have  toM  wkush  meaabm  of  the  commission 
rq>resented  labor  and  wliidi  capital. 

We  had  two  attorneys  to  aid  us  in  the  work,  one  a  reformed 
ambulance-chaser  of  the  worst  type  and  the  other  one  of  our  state's 
most  able  men. 


60         National  Lumw  MANUPAcrums'  Association 


The  former  had  at  his  command  a  repertoire  of  legal  twists  and 
toms  which  was  hewildering  and  volumitiotis  and  which  fMxyved  of 
great  s^rice  to  tiie  commission.  The  latter  gave  to  the  commission 
the  results  of  his  long  study  of  the  problem  which  we  were  attempting 
to  solve. 

There  were  no  experts  on  this  commission  and  we  took  up  the 
work  as  business  men  of  this  country  always  have  and  will  when  they 
have  a  proUem  and  emergency  to  meet. 

The  act  as  drawn  hy  the  commission  was  passed  by  the  legislature 
after  the  "first  aid"  feature  was  dhninated,  and  became  effective  on 
October  i,  1911. 

ACT  UPHELD  BY  WASHINGTON  SUPREME  COURT 

We  have  in  the  governor  of  our  state  a  man  with  honesty  and 
backbone  enough  to  appoint  an  industrial  commission  to  administer 
our  compensation  act  without  playing  pohtics,  and  as  a  result  we  have 
a  commission  of  hard-headed  business  men  who  believe  m  tiie  act  and 
wlio  are  givmg  thehr  best  efforts  to  make  it  a  success.  Durii^  ^ 
smnmer  of  191 1  a  friendly  suit  was  brought  to  test  the  legal  standing 
of  the  act  and  our  supreme  court  pronounced  it  constitutional  and  the 
law  of  the  state. 

This  decision  of  our  supreme  court  has  been  criticised  as  a  senti- 
mental decision.  This  we  deny  most  emphatically  and  firmly  believe 
that  the  United  States  supreme  court  will  decide  oar  act  to  be  oonsti- 
tittioiiaL  But  if  the  supreme  court  of  our  state  is  usmg  the  senthnent 
of  humanity  instead  of  the  dollar  senthnent  in  its  decisions,  I  believe 
we  have  reason  to  be  proud  of  our  court. 

The  Washington  Compensation  Act  is  compulsory  for  hazardous 
employments  and  elective  for  others,  and  has  the  state  insurance  fea- 
ture. The  state  pajrs  all  the  expense  of  administering  the  act  through 
ttiippropriaticm.  Industry  takes  care  of  its  huhistrial  accidents.  State 
insurance  benefits  are  covered,  which  are  sustained  in  the  course  of 
employment,  unless  due  to  deliberate  intention  of  injured  worker. 

PROVISIONS  OF  THE  ACT 

An  injury  caused  to  an  empbyee  while  in  the  course  of  his  emptoy- 
muA  by  a  dikd  party  is  covered,  providmg  employee  so  elects.  If  he 
diooses  to  take  actkm  against  sudi  third  party  he  can  do  so,  and  in 


Rbfobt  of  Workmbn's  Compensation  Committee 


«3 


case  he  elects  to  take  the  state  compensation  he  assigns  his  action 
against  the  third  party  to  the  state.  Voluntary  plans  of  empkyyers  to 
care  for  hoqntal  and  first  aid  to  injured  employees  is  permissible. 

If  die  employer  default  in  the  payment  of  his  premiums,  injured 
v.'orkman  may  maintain  action  for  damages,  and  defenses  of  fellow 
servant  rule  and  assumption  of  risks  are  abrogated. 

Payments  for  death  are  as  follows :  Payment  of  $20  per  month 
to  a  widow  until  death  or  remarriage.  A  dower  of  $240  in  case  of 
remarriage,  but  no  further  payments.  The  sum  of  $5  for  each  chiki 
onder  tbt  age  of  16,  per  montii,  until  the  age  of  16  is  arrived  at,  bnt 
not  more  than  $15  for  any  one  family  of  children  having  a  widowed 
mother  or  father.  Orphan  children,  $10  per  month  to  the  amount  of 
$35  P^r  month  until  16  years  of  age.  For  partial  dependents,  not  to 
exceed  $20  per  month.  For  all  death  claims  the  sum  of  $4,000  is 
taken  from  the  general  fund,  invested  at  interest  to  procure  funds 
wiA  which  to  meet  the  monthly  payments. 

For  total  disabihty :  If  unmuried,  $ao  per  mondi.  If  married, 
from  $25  to  $35,  according  to  family.  For  total  disability  not  perma* 
nent,  benefits  are  increased  first  six  months  50  per  cent,  providing  this 
sum  does  not  exceed  60  per  cent  of  regular  wage.  Monthly  payments 
in  all  cases  may  be  converted  in  lump  sum  payments  either  in  whole  or 
in  part.  In  cases  where  the  injury  causes  a  disabihty  which  is  not 
total  or  permanent,  such  injury  is  paid  for  in  lump  sum  and  the 
maximum  amount  is  $1,500. 

£nq>byer  is  held  responsible  in  case  accidents  are  caused  by  n^- 
lect  to  comply  with  safety  laws,  and  must  reimburse  the  insurance  fund 
for  half  the  benefits  paid  in  each  case. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  LAW 

The  act  is  administered  by  the  Industrial  Insurance  Department, 
which  dq>artment  consists  of  Uiree  salaried  commissions.  The 
decisions  of  tins  department  are  subject  to  review  in  any  superior  court, 
but  its  decisions  are  reversible  only  on  three  grounds :  i.  That  it  acted 
without  or  in  excess  of  its  powers ;  2.  That  an  award  was  procured  by 
fraud;  3.  That  the  findings  of  fact  by  the  department  do  not  support 
the  award. 

The  intent  of  the  act,  as  set  forth  in  Section  4,  is  that  tiK  fmd 
created  by  assesnqg  the  uidustries  shall  uUhnately  become  neither 
more  nor  less  than  self-supporting. 


64         Hatwhal  LuMMft  Manufactuibs'  AfliOCiAanoir 

In  ftrrMif  at  a  metiis  lor  niakiiig  sudi  assesments  the  oooMiitt- 
MOD  wydi  drtfM  tlie  act  was  confronted  by  its  most  difiicoH  pttMan. 

We  had  no  data  to  refer  to,  with  the  exception  of  that  from  the  coal 
mines,  and  this  we  found  inadequate  to  apply  to  other  large  industries. 
We  at  last  grouped  each  industry  in  a  class  which  was  shown  by  the 
emptoyers'  liability  insurance  omipanies'  ration  mannals  U>  take  the 
same  rate  of  prenutun.  To  each  of  audi  groups  we  ga?e  a  ratbig 
wfaidi  we  b^eved  woidd  be  ample  to  supply  funds  widi  wluch  lo  meet 
the  benefits  that  would  be  paid  by  that  particular  group  for  the  acci- 
dents happening  in  that  group.  Industries  that  were  shown  by  the 
insurance  manuals  to  take  the  same  rating,  although  they  might  be 
entirely  different  from  one  another,  were  placed  in  the  same  group. 

Each  sudi  gtoop  pays  for  its  own  aoddents  only,  and  for  none 
oHier.  Toi^iatrate:  An  accident  in  a  ooal  mme  is  paid  by  ooal  mine 
praoium^only,  wlnle  an  accident  in  a  blast  furnace  would  be  paid  for 
from  a  fund  secured  by  the  premiums  paid  by  some  twenty-seven 
industries  which  were  found  to  be  of  equal  hazard  with  a  blast  furnace 
hazard  and  were  grouped  together.  There  are  forty-seven  of  the 
groups  or  classes,  covering  every  industry  in  our  state.  In  additton, 
there  is  the  nott-haiardous  gioi^,  which  is  elective. 

IHbe  pnmiums  barged  eadb  group  vary  from  ijj^  per  cent  Id 
lo  per  cent,  and  the  levy  is  made  on  tite  jrearly  payroll  of  eadi  industry 
in  iht  group. 

OPERATION  OF  TH£  LAW 

Inasmuch  as  the  intent  of  the  act  is  to  secure  only  such  funds  as 
are  necessaiy  to  meet  the  benefits,  assesanents  are  made  only  as  needed. 
ToiUustrate:  Theact  wentintoe£FectonOctx>ber  i,  I9ii,andatt]iat 
time  an  assessment  was  made,  based  on  tiie  payroll  for  the  months  of 
July,  August  mi  September  of  that  year.  In  every  group  where  the 
funds  were  more  than  enough  to  pay  the  benefits  for  three  months  no 
further  assessments  will  be  made  until  it  is  found  that  the  fund  of  that 
group  is  about  to  become  depleted,  when  another  assessment  will  be 
made  on  that  groi^  only  and  for  a  sum  based  on  the  total  amount  of 
payroll  of  that  group  for  the  last  Am  monUis.  By  this  provisioii 
&i  ^  act  eadi  group  pays  only  what  the  benefits  paid  require.  One 
group  might  be  required  to  pay  its  full  premium  on  the  entire  year's 
payroll,  while  another  group  might  not  be  required  to  pay  on  more 
than  three  months'  payroll.  If  no  accidents  happen  there  is  nothing  to 
pay,  and  I  cannot  conceive  of  anything  that  would  act  as  more  of  an 


Enrasr  cnr  Wcmuocbn^s  Comfbnsation  Comicittsb  ^ 

incsntift  to  enqpleyers  to  protect  their  machinery  and  use  their  best 
efforts  to  pmcnt  accidenti  than  this  promion  of  tlK  act 

The  premium  rates  demanded  by  iSa€  act  look  high,  bol  as  a 
matter  of  fact  they  have  little  to  do  with  the  actual  cost  to  the  industries, 
as  they  are  used  only  as  a  basis  with  which  to  levy  the  premium  to  be 
paid  for  the  first  three  months.  The  actual  cost  is  governed  solely  by 
tte  nuodber  and  kind  of  accidents. 

Up  to  Ae  present  tone  eveiy  man,  woman  and  child  in  our  stale 
who  has  been  in  any  way  injured  as  tiie  result  of  an  industrial  aoddcnt 
since  October  i,  191 1,  has  been  paid  a  reasonable  stnn  for  soch  injury. 
Every  widow  has  been  made  independent,  and  every  little  child 
deprived  of  a  breadwinner  has  been  given  the  chance  of  playing  out  its 
baby  years  instead  of  becoming  a  public  charge  or  forced  into  daily 
labor.  Every  injured  workman  has  known  Aat  his  dear  ones  woukl 
be  proirided  for  k  case  Ins  injury  was  fatal. 

AH  this  has  been  done  without  cost  to  the  employee.  There  has 
been  no  litigation,  no  perjured  testimony,  no  court  costs,  and  none  of 
the  ill  feeling  between  the  employers  and  employees  which  personal 
accidents  caused  in  the  past.  Is  this  not  enough  to  have  accomplished 
by  a  compensation  act,  regardless  of  its  cost?  Are  we  not  entitled  to 
bdieve  that  we  have  solved  tiie  problems  of  workmen's  compensation? 

OO6T  TO  THB  BMPLOYER 

However,  diere  is  still  another  feature  to  be  considered,  whidi 
probably  will  appeal  to  the  business  world  stronger  than  do  the  humane 
features  of  the  act,  and  that  is  the  cost  to  the  employer. 

The  lumber  industry  in  our  state  is  in  a  class  which  requires  the 
payment  of  a  premium  of  2}i  per  cent  on  the  yearly  payroU.  In  the 
lumber  class  die  assessment  for  the  first  three  mootiis  after  tbt  act 
went  mto  effect  amounted  to  $i67j000.  Up  to  .^»ril  15,  191a,  Acre 
had  been  paid  out  of  this  fund  $60,000  for  accidents  settled  for  and 
$45,000  was  taken  from  the  fund  and  invested  to  take  care  of  seven- 
teen fatal  accidents.  At  that  time  (April  15)  there  were  twelve  fatal 
accidents  unsettled  for.  If  these  twelve  fatal  accidents  call  for  the 
same  amount  of  benefits  as  the  seventeen  which  were  settled  for 
required,  it  would  make  a  total  paid  out  and  to  be  paid  of  $135,000^ 
iR^iidi  represents  the  sum  required  to  pay  the  benefits  m  tiie  lumber 
dass  group  for  six  and  one-half  mootiis— that  is,  from  October  I, 
191 1,  to  April  15,  1912. 


66        Natiokal  LuMBut  Manufactuubs'  Association 

Dtiriiig  these  six  and  one-half  months  the  workmen  in  our  indus- 
txf  work  in  our  mills  by  artifidal  light  Icht  several  hours  of  each  work- 
ing day.  Onr  mills  are  open  and  cold  and  the  natnre  ol  the  business 
is  such  that  our  men  are  required  at  times  to  work  very  fast  and  at 

other  times  there  will  be  nothing  to  do  for  several  minutes.  This 
requires  the  men  to  dress  in  heavy  clothing  to  keep  warm  during  their 
idle  moments.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  a  workman  working 
under  artificial  lig^t,  with  heavy  clothing,  one  moment  in  a  perspira- 
tk»  timiugfa  great  effort  and  the  next  dulled  by  lack  of  effort,  is  more 
fiaUe  to  injury  titan  he  would  be  if  he  were  woiidng  in  dayli^^  and 
with  light  clothing. 

For  these  reasons  I  believe  that  the  accidents  in  the  lumber  class 
for  the  six  and  one-half  winter  months  were  greater  than  they  will  av- 
erage for  the  other  months  of  the  year ;  but,  suppose  they  represent  the 
average,  then  tiiie  total  oost  to  the  lumber  ckss  wouki  be  some  *S70^- 
000  for  the  year. 

Using  $167,000  as  per  cent  of  the  lumber  class  payroll  for 
three  months  makes  a  total  payroll  for  the  lumber  industry  of  $27,000,- 
000  fcMT  the  year.  In  order  to  raise  $270,000  by  taxing  $27,000,000  it 
requires  I  per  oe^  and  that  is  exactly  what  the  cost  to  the  lumber 
industry  figures  up  to  die  time  of  die  dosmg  of  the  Industrial  Com- 
misskm^  hooks  on  April  25, 1912.  Under  die  old  system  the  best  rate 
that  I  could  secure  from  the  employers'  liability  insurance  companies 
for  insurance  against  accidents  was  1.35  per  cent  on  the  payroll,  and 
today  the  rate  is  61 J^,  per  cent.  Under  the  old  system  50  per  cent  of 
die  tkm  of  the  courts  was  spent  in  hearing  personal  damage  cases. 

Somediing  like  $3^000^000  was  paid  by  the  empbyers  to  die 
employers'  liability  companies  in  1911  dirot^iout  the  United  States. 
Nearly  $10,000,000  in  judgments  was  rendered  in  personal  damage 
cases.  In  most  of  these  cases  the  lawyer  received  one-half  of  the 
judgment,  which  left  %SfiOOfiOO  for  the  injured  workmen. 

Tinder  the  Washington  Compensatbn  Act  it  costs  die  en^loyer 
considerably  less  than  it  did  under  the  old  system,  and  every  injured 
employee  is  paid  and  every  cent  collected  from  any  industry  goes 
directly  to  the  injured  employee.  Furthermore,  the  lumber  industry 
makes  the  poorest  showing  of  any  group  which  comes  under  the  act 

There  are  for^-seven  grocqis  w  classes  under  the  act,  and  nine 
of  diese  have  not  used  any  of  theur  fund,  having  had  no  accidents. 
Seven  have  used  less  than  3  per  cent  of  dieir  fund,  twelve  less  dian 


Retobt  op  Workmen's  C6mfensation  CoMMrnBs  67 

10  per  cent,  fourteen  less  than  15  per  cent,  and  five  have  used  more 
dum  16  per  cent,  which  includes  the  Itnnber  dass,  wh^  has  used  some 
63  per  cent  of  its  fund. 

We  expect  in  the  very  near  future  to  reduce  the  cost  to  the 
employer  materially.  Our  Industrial  Commission  has  started  work  on 
the  problem  of  why  there  are  so  many  industrial  accidents  and  what 
causes  them.  They  have  interested  the  students  of  our  state  college 
in  the  problem  and  hope  soon  to  have  classes  making  a  study  of  dits 
problem.  They  already  see  a  new  prof ^^ion  for  scMne  of  the  yonag 
men  aiKi  women  of  our  state,  and  that  is  the  trained  expert  who  under- 
stands the  practical  guarding  of  machinery  and  the  prevention  of 
many  of  the  industrial  accidents. 

As  soon  as  we  have  such  experts  in  the  field  we  can  expect  a 
large  percentage  of  decrease  in  accidents,  which  wiU  be  followed  by  a 
decrease  in  die  amounts  diarged  the  industries. 

I  believe  the  WashingtcHi  G)aq>en5ation  Act  sdves  the  pioUem  of 
how  to  take  care  of  industrial  accidents,  and  I  hope  to  see  it  on  the 
statute  books  of  every  state  in  the  Union. 

President  Griggs:  Gentlemen,  you  have  heard  the  rqiort  of 
Mr.  Page's  committee.  Mr.  Carrier,  will  you  present  the  rtpon  of 
the  Railroad  Committee 

Proposed  Railroad  Weighing  Reiocneis 

BY  a.  M.  CARRIER,  OF  SASDIS,  MISS.,  AND  A.  T.  GERRANS,  OF  HOUMA,  LA. 

I  would  say  that  I  am  not  on  the  Railroad  Committee,  but  in 
attending  the  National  Wholesalers'  omvention  at  Louisville  a  reso- 
lution was  passed  there  for  the  purpose  of  rectifying  the  weig^iii^  of 
cars  by  raikoads,  and  it  was  suggested  that  the  National  Wholesalers' 
association  and  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association  act 
together,  in  pursuance  of  which  President  Griggs  appointed  a  com- 
mittee, consisting  of  Mr.  Hines,  Mr.  Gerrans  and  myself,  to  confer 
with  the  committee  from  the  National  Wholesalers  joindy  on  tiiis 
matter. 

We  met  in  Chicago  and  there  drew  up  a  set  of  resolutions,  most 
of  the  woik  as  representing  our  association  being  done  by  Mr.  Ger- 
rans. This  resolution  will  later  be  presented  to  the  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission.   Commissioner  Prouty  was  holding  court  in  the 


68        National  Lumber  Manufactubbbs'  Associatidn 

Federal  building  at  Chicago  at  ^t  time.  We  cxptcX,  of  ooone,  to 

have  a  hearing  upon  this  subject  later. 

Mr.  Gerrans  has  the  resolution  here,  and  as  he  has  gone  into  this 
more  fully  than  I  have,  I  think  it  would  be  well  to  request  Mr.  Gerrans 
lo  retd  that  resolution  to  this  convention.  It  was  gotten  up  jointly, 
as  I  lia¥t  said,  by  the  Natioiial  Wholesalers  and  the  National  Lumber 
Maimfocttirers' Assodatioiit.  I  take  tiiis  opportunity  of  stating  that 
m  this  we  worked  with  the  Natk)nal  Wholesalers,  and  I  think  it  a 
most  excellent  idea  that  we  embrace  every  opportunity  to  do  as  Presi- 
dent Parker  suggested  this  morning,  namely,  that  the  two  associations 
work  together.  I  think  that  in  many  cases  their  cooperation  would 
restilt  most  beneficially. 

I  would  suggest,  Mr.  Presuknt,  that  you  call  on  Mr.  Gerrans  to 
lead  ^lote  resolutxm  as  recommended  by  tiiat  jmnt  conwHltlee. 

PrbsidbntGuggs:  Gentlemen,  do  yon  wii^  lhat  resolutkm  read 

at  this  time? 

Mr.  Gerrans  was  recognized  by  unanimous  consent  and  read  the 

resolutions  referred  to,  as  follows : 

Stnlement  of  Joint  Committee 

WHEBEAS,  The  railroads  liave  been  unable  to  dorlss  any  aeeofals 
metbod  for  welgbing  lumber  and  forest  products,  caiHiiic  gMt  imMk^  aaA 
loss  to  lumber  Bbippers;  and 

WHEBBA%  Xhe  vt9mkt  nUam  of  tha  HHiislaSi  OonsMm  OwIssIm 
pMfiBi  ttM  adJattaMUt  of  damw  for  orvrduffgo  on  aeoooBl  of  vrigMik  on 
Ms  of  iolteifltsk  ^piHf  MMMMBt  of  dncua  on  tfeo  aOofled  soolo 
iralgMi  anMBtatf  ssflM  to  bo  oomella  Ifto  ataneo  of  aeMl  tsrti  oofndnf 
Hm  ihlpMsal  In  fsslton;  aad 

maaaUJk  HaloisHls  OsanMseo  noBiBitsshm  has  aipolBtad  a  feosc 
n«  fir  Um  ynfoso  of  tafwMgatmi  tto  awtiv  of  lio  moms  siifi  of 
mi0mg  to  ¥lf«oA  by  tio  laflioads; 

aSMIiVSD,  Sbat  we  suggest  to  tbe  Commission  that  the  carriers  be 
leqalrod  to  diow  on  the  bills  of  lading  the  gross,  tare  and  net  weights,  less 
aUowance  for  stakes,  dunnage,  etc.,  if  any,  on  each  car,  or  furnish  a  weight 
certificate,  and  that  in  the  absence  of  scale  facilities  at  point  of  origin,  that 
the  carriers  be  required  to  weigh  each  car  at  the  nearest  scales  and  forth- 
with furnish  the  shipper  a  certificate  showing  the  gross,  tare  and  net  weight 
of  the  shipment,  less  allowance  for  car  stakes,  dunnage,  etc.,  if  any. 

Should  the  consignor  or  consignee  request  another  scaling,  same  shall  be 
made  at  the  next  weighing  point  ahead  of  the  car,  and  if  a  difference  of  over 
one  thfTfTMftnd  pounds  be  shown  between  the  first  weight  and  the  certificate 


Raiuumd  Weighing  RErattics 


«9 


Of  said  re-weight  furnished  the  consignor  or  consignee,  then  the  wei^ts 
authorized  by  the  various  lumber  associations  shall  be  recognized  by  tte  oar- 
ilers  in  settlement  of  claims  between  the  shipper  and  the  carrier. 

And  farther,  that  a  joint  committee  consisting  of  railroad  officials  and 
laaAtr  shippers  shall  within  a  reasonable  time  agree  on  a  schedule  of  weights 
So  bt  osid  between  parties  at  interest,  and  that  the  present  weights  author- 
M  ^  lumber  associations  shall  govern  in  the  interim. 

^■IMWfBD,  Sbit  a  omr  <tf  tUs  statement  be  presented  to  the  Inter- 
slalt  Ommmu  Omamlistim  as  legtenaUua  our  fivvs  in  the  matter. 

^  ttal  w  iMira  to  be  hmaA  tmUm  upen  tte  subject 

B.  M.  CABBIBB,  Bndia,  Wm.  B.  nJUnOOf  BRK  MladtiphSa. 

A.  T.  OEBRANS,  New  QHsta^  La.    A.  L.  SXOHl^  CSavHaiid,  QUa. 

L.  L.  BABTH,  Chicago,  IlL  J.  0.  OBISa,  raUbuigh,  Pa. 

P.  E.  Parker,  Saginaw,  Mich.  B.  P.  PEBBT,  Vew  Toife;  V.  T. 

Bopresenting  the  Conference  Committee  of  the  Katioaal  ^-^frw  Maaofae- 

turers'  Assojpiation  and  tlie  Hatioiial  Wholiiale  LatfMr  Osatan*  ^wrf- 
elation. 

Also  present: 

B.  W.  McEAT,  Traffic  Manager,  Southom  OpvrMs  MinwfiffMitB'  iMsrls 

tion,  New  Orleans,  La. 

W.  J.  HEBMAN,  Traffic  Manager,  Pittsburgh  unuilissla  T.^fr^r  Btalm' 
Association,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

^  P1B6IDBNT  Griggs:  We  will  next  hear  from  Mr.  Collar,  of 
Wisconsin,  a  member  of  the  Railroad  Committee. 

GoQMntiBtiaii  and  lfi]lii^^.Traii8it  Rstea 

BY  W.  G.  OOLLAIt,  OF  MERKILL,  WIS. 

Mr.  I^resideiit  and  Gentlemen :  So  far  as  the  work  of  the  Rail- 
road Committee  is  concerned,  I  know  nothing  about  it,  as  this  com- 
mittee has  had  no  meeting.  However,  there  was  a  freight  matter  that 
came  up  before  our  association,  the  N<Mthern  Hemlock  &  Hardwood 
Manufacturers'  Association,  that  we  considered  of  oonslderahle 
importance. 

We  were  advised  of  the  matter  through  the  box  shook  manufac- 
turers, and  at  a  quarterly  meeting  of  our  association  its  Railroad  Com- 
mittee was  instructed  to  do  what  it  could  to  get  a  hearing  before  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission. 

It  seems  that  the  matter  of  concentration  of  freight  rales  aad 
shipping-in-transit  freight  rates  as  applied  to  lumber  was  in  great 
dagger  of  being  abrogated  and  aU  of  the  benefits  now  derived  being 


70         National  Lumbbr  MANUFAcnmiBs'  AasociAnoir 


taken  away  from  us.  Tht  Interstate  Commefce  Cotmnission  had 
ruled,  in  their  Opinion  No.  1247,  that  lumber  coming  into  a  concen- 
trating point,  consisting  of  different  kinds  of  wood,  such  as  maple  and 
oak,  could  not  go  out  and  the  shipping-in-transit  rate  be  substituted ; 
in  other  words,  if  a  car  of  maple  came  into  the  concentrating  point,  a 
car  of  oak  and  maple  could  not  be  shipped  out  to  fill  that  shipping-in- 
tfmnsk  btllli^.  They  also  have  ruled  that  what  we  consider  in  our 
country  a  concentration  freight  rate  is  in  reality  a  shipping-in-transit 
rate.  We  had  always  considered  that  our  rate  on  logs  from  tiie  woods 
into  our  mills  was  a  concentration  rate,  as  it  was  a  certain  diarge  per 
ton  or  per  thousand  feet  from  the  woods  to  the  mill. 

HEABING  ACCORPED  LUMBERMEN 

If  this  idea  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  prevails  it 
would  be  almost  impossible  to  do  anything  with  the  concentration  rate 
on  logs.  For  instance,  you  get  in  our  territory  hemlock  and  hardwood 
m  logs  into  the  mill  cm  the  same  car,  and  in  order  to  take  advantage 
of  this  conccntratkm  rate  in  flipping  that  lumber  out  you  would  have 
to  ship  the  same  kinds  of  lumber  out  in  your  car  as  you  got  in  on  your 
car  of  logs,  which  everybody  understands  is  ridiculous.  The  matter 
was  not  called  to  the  attention  of  our  association  until  the  i8th  of 
AfMil.  The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  had  closed  the  case, 
or  would  ck)se  it  on  the  25th  of  April,  which  gave  us  very  little  time 
to  do  anythii^^.  Shoc^  manufacturers  were  active  m  the  matter 
through  thehr  Michigan  rq^resentative,  and  our  Raiboad  Coonnittee 
have  worked  with  them,  and  we  have  succeeded.  We  were  notified 
yesterday  that  Mr.  McChord  would  grant  a  hearing  to  the  lumbermen 
and  the  shook  manufacturers  on  this  concentration  rate  matter  on  July 
17th  at  Louisville. 

SUBJECT  NATIONAL  IN  SCOPE 

This  is  a  matter  that  has  come  up  in  our  particuhur  territory  just 
recently ;  but  it  is  no  local  issue,  it  is  a  national  issue;  and  the  trans- 
portation companies  have  given  us  pretty  good  reason  to  believe  that 
they  arc  anxious  to  take  up  these  concentration  rates  on  logs,  and  make 
us  pay  a  higher  rate  on  logs  into  our  mills  than  we  are  paying  now. 
They  have  ahready  raised  the  rate  in  our  territory  100  per  cent  within 
the  last  year  and  a  half.  The  concentration  rate  on  low  grade  lumber 
fcM"  the  mann&cturers  of  box  shocks  in  our  terriKMy  is  a  ^wdal  rate 


CONCENTKATION  RaTCS 


71 


per  tiiousand.  For  instance,  on  a  haul  of  sixty  miles  ikt  ooncentratkm 
rate  is  3  cents  per  hundred  on  lumber — scoots,  low  grzde  lumber,  and 
mill  trimnungs,  to  manufacture  into  boxes.  The  rate  on  lumber  for 
that  specific  distance  is  7  cents  per  hundred.  No  box  shook  manufac- 
turer can  pay  7  cents  a  hundred  on  the  stuff  he  gets  into  a  box  factory 
to  make  into  box  shooks,  and  it  will  eventually  result  in  a  very  great 
amount  of  stock  being  left  in  the  woods  that  we  are  now  getting  in 
our  mills  for  the  use  of  box  manufacturers.  The  box  manufacturer, 
as  we  take  it,  is  a  conservationist— the  best  one  we  have.  He  takes 
stuff  that  we  cannot  use  very  largely  for  any  other  purpose. 

ALL  ASSOCIATIONS  SHOULD  ASSIST 

It  does  seem  to  our  association,  and  I  hope  it  will  appeal  to  the 
National  association,  that  this  is  a  matter  that  should  receive  consider- 
able attention ;  and  in  talking  with  some  box  shook  manufadnrers  and 
Mr.  Ewing,  of  ^  Mkhigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association,  m 
Qiicago  yesterday,  we  all  thought  that  through  this  meeting  here  each 
individual  association  should  take  this  matter  up  as  an  association,  and 
be  prepared  on  July  17  to  go  before  the  Commission  with  arguments 
for  the  continuing  of  the  concentration  and  the  shipping-in-transit 
rates ;  and  that  we  should  also  be  prepared  to  show  before  that  Com- 
mission that  we  did  not  consider  a  concentration  rate  as  being  a  ship- 
piog-m-transit  rate,  aldiouc^  the  Commisskm  have  ruled  in  tiieir  Opin- 
ion No.  1247  that  it  is  a  part  of  a  shippmg-in-transit  rate. 

I  did  not  know  that  any  report  from  me  was  expected,  and  this  is 
all  I  have  to  say.  I  thank  you. 

President  Griggs:  We  are  very  glad  to  get  your  rqx>rt  It 
should  be  taken  right  up  with  the  lUilroad  Conuntttee  as  oq;aaiied 
for  this  association. 

Mr.  Collar:  I  think  this  is  most  important  and  affects  eveiy- 
body  all  over  die  United  States. 

PiESiiMSNT  Griggs  :  It  should  be  taken  up  by  your  committee.  We 
are  pretty  well  on  schedule  time.  We  have  two  reports  to  hear 
before  12 :30.  We  are  going  to  have  this  afternoon  an  address  by  Mr. 
Keith  on  one  of  the  most  important  subjects  that  has  ever  come  hdot€ 
your  conventions. 

The  convention  will  meet  prompt  at  2:30.  We  boys  fran  tiie 
saw  mifls  tiimk  that  an  hour  is  amfde  time  to  eat,  and  we  want  to  get 
back  promptly  oa  time  in  order  to  continue  this  very  interesting  pro- 


79        NAtmiAL  Luicm  Manuf Acnmns'  Assooatiok 

gram.  As  Mr.  Bnaee,  chairman  af  the  Sti»dardkation  Committee,  is 
not  hew,  we  wffl  pass  hit  report  for  Ac  present,  and  wiU  listen  to  the 
report  of  the  Classification  Conumttee,  Mr.  M.  B.  Ndson,  Kansas  C3ly, 

Mo.,  chairman. 

Report  of  Committee  on  Qansificatioa 

BY  M.  B.  NSLSON,  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  As  the  members  of  our  committee 
are  geographically  scattered  aU  ow  the  United  States  we  have  not 
found  it  practicable  to  hold  a  joint  meeting,  and  necessarify  have  had 
to  carry  on  our  consultations  through  correspondence.  It  has  not  heen 
possible  for  me  to  put  my  report  before  all  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee on  account  of  their  not  being  here.  The  report  is  as  follows : 

The  principal  work  of  our  committee  has  been  devoted  to  assist- 
ing Mr.  Charles  E.  Broirer,  who  a  few  years  ago,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
box  manufacturers  and  different  lumber  associations,  was  elected  Sec- 
retary of  the  National  Qassification  Committee. 

All  of  you,  no  doubt,  are  more  or  less  familiar  with  the  work  that 
has  been  done  by  Mr.  Brower  in  connection  with  this  Classification 
busmess,  but  many,  probably  the  same  as  ourselves,  prior  to  the  ap- 
pointment of  this  Committee  and  making  investigation,  have  not  under- 
stood the  amount  of  energy  Mr.  Brower  has  expended  toward  defcnd- 
mg  the  mterest  of  the  manufacturer  of  wooden  boaces  and  wooden  boat 
material. 

LVMBEBMBN  IBAPING  BENEFITS 

We  have  found  that  mudi  of  Mr.  Brower's  thae  during  the  past 

three  years  has  been  devoted  to  this  mterest,  and  there  has  been  some 
$17,000  expended  through  his  office  in  defending  the  wooden  box 
interest,  which  has  unquestionably  been  imposed  upon  by  the  substi- 
tutes in  many  ways.  An  audit  has  been  made  of  the  receipts  and  dis- 
bmements  of  Mr.  Brower's  Committee,  and  the  Committee  has  revised 
tesme.  But  the  detailed  aoeount  of  ^^bmements  were  not 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  enable  ^  Coonnsttee  to  determine  as  to  the 
wisdom  of  all  of  the  expenses  incurred.  But  we  figure  the  ImnbenBcn 
today  are  reaping  the  benefits  of  Mr.  Browcr's  efforts,  for  which  no 
charge  has  b^  made.   He  gave  his  time  in  behalf  of  the  steel  nail 


Report  on  Box  Classification 


73 


people,  whom  he  represents.  And  he  has  gone  ahead  with  the  work 
of  this  Committee  when  they  were  without  the  necessary  funds  to 
cariy  out  and  promote  the  interest  of  those  his  committee  were  en- 
dea¥i>rnig  to  serve,  advancing  out  of  bis  own  personal  funds  the  neces- 
sary money  to  carry  on  the  campa^g;n,  and  as  a  lesult  there  is  a  deficit 
of  his  Committee  of  $5,225,  whk^  we  figure  should  be  paid. 

BOX  MANUFACTURERS  HAVE  ABANDONED  FIGHT 

Many  of  the  manufacturers  have  held  back  from  assisting  in  this 
work,  fedmg  it  was  a  matter  for  the  box  manufacturers  to  look  after. 
The  box  manufacturers  have  kmg  ^nce  given  tsp  the  fight,  largdy 
because  of  the  lack  of  interest  or  support  from  die  manufacturers  of 
lumber.  Many  of  the  wooden  box  manufacturers  have  converted  their 
factories  into  fiber  board  or  substitute  package  factories ;  and  they  take 
the  position  that  this  is  the  Imnbermen's  fight  and  not  that  of  the  box 
factories.  The  box  manufacturer  is  interested  in  manufacturing  that 
whkh  he  can  make  and  sdl  to  net  him  the  greatest  profit,  and  I  am  in- 
clined to  agree  wi&  tiiem  ^t  it  is  up  to  ^  tamber  manufacturer  to 
see  that  the  use  of  his  product  is  not  discrinnnated  against 

You  probably  know  the  enormous  amount  of  our  low  grade  prod- 
uct, which  we  have  the  greatest  trouble  in  disposing  of,  has  been  used 
in  the  past  for  box  purposes.  We  have  no  exact  figures,  but  dare  say 
that  dose  to  10  per  cent  of  the  lumber  production  of  the  United  States 
goes  into  boxes.  And  the  decrease  in  the  use  of  wooden  boxes  in  the 
past  few  years,  in  our  opmion,  has  as  much  or  more  to  do  wi^  t&e  de- 
pressed condition  of  the  lumber  market  than  any  other  one  cause. 

WOOD  BOX  MUST  BE  DEFENDED 

It  is  agreed  by  some  that  the  passing  of  the  wooden  box  is  simply 
a  matter  of  evdutkm,  and  we  admit  there  is  some  merit  in  that  con- 
tentkm;  but  unless  those  interested  in  the  use  of  the  wooden  box  stand 
up  and  defend  their  interest,  we  will  be  put  out  of  busmess  by  the 
many  substitutes  which  do  not  have  the  merit  claimed  for  them,  and. 
our  interest  will  suffer  a  great  deal  more  than  need  be. 

Those  interested  in  promoting  the  interest  of  the  substitutes  have 
already  oi^<fin«ra]ed  us  in  every  way.  We  have  been  asleep  at  the 
switdi,  so  to  ip^tk.  The  fifst  thing  tiiey  did  was  to  penalize  the 
shipper  in  wooden  boxes  by  appearing  before  Urn  Classificatioa  Com- 


74        NATioKALLuMBttlfAMOTACTussBs' Association 


nttttee  and  hftvtng  tiiein  dmige  Hie  dassificatkm  so  die  man  tup- 
ping his  product  in  a  paper  or  pasteboard  box  woidd  have  the  same 
rate  of  freight  on  the  weight  of  his  product  as  does  his  competitor  who 

uses  the  wooden  box.  So  it  is  now  possible  for  a  shoe  manufacturer  to 
ship  a  carload  of  shoes  from  Boston  to  the  Mississippi  River,  in  a 
fiber  box,  for  $&yxx}  a  car  less  than  his  competitor  who  uses  a  wooden 
box.  This  is  ooi^  one  illustration  in  a  thousand  of  what  can  be  done. 

lAILBOADB  APPKECIATB  WHAT  TBKY  HAVE  LOST 

Through  the  work  of  Mr.  Brower  we  think  the  railroads  now 
appreciate  what  they  have  lost  by  the  discrimination  against  the  wooden 
boK  and  would  be  only  too  willing  to  revert  to  the  M  classification  if 
they  couM  do  so,  but  they  are  afraid  to  try  it. 

The  meeting  of  the  Western  Classification  Committee  at  Galves- 
ton showed  they  are  alive  to  the  situation,  and  are  placing  some  restric- 
tion on  the  shippers  using  the  substitute  packages  not  having  merit. 

We  appreciate  there  are  many  purposes  for  which  the  fiber  board 
and  substitute  packages  are  just  as  good,  and  answer  every  purpose 
just  as  wen  as  the  wooden  bene,  and  in  scxne  cases  better--^t  it  is  a 
modi  easier  matter  for  the  substitute  package  manufacturers  to  make 
an  inferior  artide  at  a  low  price,  without  the  defects  being  visible,  than 
it  is  for  the  wooden  box  manufacturers.  And  as  a  result  the  shipper 
seeks  to  cut  down  his  expense  wherever  possible  and  buys  a  cheaper 
substitute  package. 

The  railroad  company  who  at  first  was  not  inclined  to  accept  or 
pay  damage  incurred  on  the  substitute  packages,  has  found  his  com- 
petitors were  willii^  to  accept  and  pay  damage  claims  on  the  sub- 
stitute packages,  and  he  was  thus  forced  to  accept  of  the  same  or  lose 
business,  so  we  have  about  reached  a  point  where  the  shipper  can  ship 
his  goods  in  paper  bags. 

But  since  Mr.  Brewer's  campaign  the  railroads  have  begun  to  fig- 
ure up  what  they  are  losing  on  account  of  goods  being  packed  in  inferior 
boixes,  and  are  making  a  mm  determined  fight  to  bring  about  a  better 
conation. 

NEED  OF  PBOTECTION  / 

We  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  fight  or  try  to  prevent  the  sub- 
stitution of  any  container  which  is  superior  to  the  wdoden  box  for  any 
purpose,  but  it  is  necessary  to  see  that  the  wooden  box  is  not  infringed 


RfiPCttT  ON  Box  Classification 


75 


upon  and  that  due  omsideration  is  given  to  the  merits  of  both.  Unless 
the  lumbermen  look  out  for  this  discrimination^  it  is  certain  no  one 
else  win. 

So  we  believe  this  work  is  one  of  the  most  important  things  this 
association  has  to  look  after.  In  our  opinion,  we  do  not  need  so  much 
advertising  as  we  need  protection  from  intruders,  and  not  let  the  peo- 
ple be  misled  as  to  the  true  merits.  We  think  funds  which  come  into 
the  hands  of  the  association  cannot  be  better  spent  in  any  other  direction. 

The  consumptkm  of  box  material  affects  every  manufacturer  of 
lumber  throughout  the  entire  United  States,  because  the  tow  grades  of 
nearly  every  wood  enter  more  or  less  into  the  manufacture  of  boxes. 

PRELIMINARY  WORK  ACCOMPLISHED 

The  preliminary  work  has  been  accomplished,  but  if  we  stop  at 
this  period  the  promoters  of  the  substitutes  will  gain  the  advantage,  so 

we  think  this  campaign  should  be  continued,  and  as  Mr.  Brower  has 
given  so  much  of  his  time  and  thought  to  this  subject,  an  effort  should 
be  made  to  secure  his  assistance  in  the  continuation  of  this  work  in 
the  future. 

Now  inasmuch  as  we  have  no  funds  to  woric  upon,  and  we  think 
that  there  is  really  no  necessity  for  this  committee,  in  order  to  crystal- 
lite our  work,  we  desire  to  offer  the  foUowing  resolution,  viz : 

RESOLUTION  OF  COMMITTEE 

Bbsolved,  Whereas  we  have  no  funds  at  our  disposal,  we  recommend,  first, 
that  the  President  or  the  Manager  of  the  assodation  go  over  the  list  of  oon- 
tribntors  to  Mr.  Brower 's  Committee,  and  where  there  is  any  association  which, 
in  his  judgment,  as  an  association  or  individual  member  of  the  association  has 
not  contributed  about  equally  as  much  as  the  other  associations,  he  call  their 
attention  to  the  same,  asking  them  to  contribute  such  portion  as  he  thinks  would 
be  fair  and  equitable.  And  should  he  fail  to  secure  by  this  means  a  sufficient 
amount  to  cover  the  deficit  of  $5,225  in  Mr.  Brewer's  Committee,  the,  halanre  to 
be  paid  out  of  the  advertising  fund. 

Second,  we  recommend  that  the  work  now  being  performed  by  our  commit- 
tee be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Mana^  of  the  aasoeiatioa,  to  be  handled  nader 
the  direetion  of  the  Advertising  Coauaittee. 

President  Griggs:  Very  glad  to  have  your  report,  Mr.  Nelson, 
hut  I  presume  the  resolution  will  have  to  be  discussed,  would  it  not,  if 
it  were  brought  up  for  adoption  at  this  time?  I  would  dislike  very 
much  to  take  snap  judgment  on  any  resolutioo. 

Mr.  Nelson  :  It  might  he  discussod  here. 

PSESIDBNT  Gkiggs:  Wc  can  bring  it  up  at  the  regular  time  when 
the  resolutions  are  presented.  II  it  is  agreeable,  we  will  now  hear  the 


76        National  Lumber  Manufacturebs'  Association 

report  of  the  special  GOtnmittee  on  memorial  to  James  Elliott 
Deldiaugh. 

Report  of  Committee  on  Memorial  to  James  Elliott  Defebaugh 

On  November  21,  1909,  occurred  the  death  of  James  Elliott  Defe- 
baugh, after  a  long  and  painful  illness.  At  the  next  annual  meetnig 
of  tiie  Nattonal  Lmnber  Manufactnrers'  Assoctatkm,  April  JO^  1910, 
die  Mkmiag  resdtttioiis  were  adopted: 

Whebeas,  Mr.  James  Elliott  Defebaugh,  late  editor  of  the  American  Lum- 
berman, Chicago,  111.,  was  a  life-long  friend  and  indefatigable  worker  for  the 
faituwitii  of  VkB  InmlMr  BanoiMtiiNra  of  tho  United  States;  and, 

Whereas,  Wo  beliore  that  his  death  was  largely  brought  about  hj  his 
■fdnous  efforts  in  behalf  of  the  lumber  industry,  before  the  Ways  and  Means 
Oooimittee  in  its  tariff  hearing,  early  in  1909,  as  a  result  of  which  the  existing 
tariff  on  lumber  was  reduced  but  slightly,  whtn  evidently  it  would  have  been 
taken  off  entirely  but  for  such  efforts;  mad. 

Whereas,  The  lumber  industry  in  general,  and  the  members  of  this  associa- 
tion in  particular,  have  lost  in  the  death  of  Mr.  Defebangh  a  strong  and  able 
eo-worker;  now,  therefore,  be  it 

Me90h}6d,  That  this  association  take  stofMi  to  erect  a  suitable  mnorisl  that 
in  some  substantial  form  will  attest  to  the  appreciation  the  lumbermen  entartala 
of  the  works  and  worth  of  James  Elliott  Defebaugh;  and  be  it  further 

Besohfed,  That  the  President  of  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tiaa  i^poiat  a  eeouBltlee  to  ioBeit  fumdB  to  ealaMlii  Ifett  aforesaid  meaorial. 

President  Hines  then  appointed,  after  motion  authorizing  such 
action  was  passed,  the  Presidents  of  the  associations  then  affiliated 
with  the  National,  who  were  as  follows:  L.  K.  Baker,  Chairman, 
Odanah,  Wis.;  W.  C.  Landon,  Wausau,  MTis.;  £.  E.  TmoKy,  Marsb- 
field.  Wis.;  C  A.  Bigelow,  Bay  City,  Mich.;  R.  M.  Carrier,  Sanfis, 
Miss. ;  E.  C.  Fosburgh,  Norfolk,  Va. ;  H.  H.  Tift,  Tifton,  Ga. ;  H.  H. 
Foster,  Malvern,  Ark.;  Frederic  Wilbcrt,  Plaquemine,  La.;  J.  P. 
McGoldrick,  Spokane,  Wash.;  E.  G.  Griggs,  Tacoma,  Wash.;  L.  J. 
Wentworth,  Portland,  Ore.;  A.  N.  Riggs,  McCormick,  Wash. 

The  following  report  was  made  to  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Natkmal  assodatkm  in  Chicago,  May  24,  1911,  whkh  was  adopted  by 
a  rmag  vo^: 

The  committee  to  which  was  left  the  recommendation  of  a  memorial  which 
would  be  suitable  to  express  the  esteem  in  which  the  memory  of  tht  late  J.  E. 
Beiibaagli  is  held  by  the  hmberaieB  of  the  TTaited  Stetee,  have  mmA  eare- 
fully  considered  the  matter  from  ever^  standpoint,  and  beg  leave  to  report  that 
wo  feel  that  the  testimonial  in  recognition  of  the  life  and  work  of  James  Elliott 
Defebangh  will  be  most  fitting  if  it  is  associated  with,  the  Christian  organization 
to  wki^  he  ga^  10  mxtA  of  his  time  and  efforti^  for  not  the  least  of  bis 
iaflnnee  among  his  fellow  men  was  hii  diifOtioB  to  tilt  nttgiooi  Hilk  of  ^li 
dwice,  and  his  high  Christian  ideals. 

We  therefore  recommend  that  a  memorial  window  be  plaeed  hj  this  Associa- 
tk»  In  the  Forty-int  Street  Presbyteriaa  OInrch  of  the  City  of  Chicago,  an 
iMiilallea  to  the  iq^baiiaiiv  ef  ifUdi  Xr.  tMOmti^  «mM  ma^y  yiM  of 


Memorial  to  J.  £.  Defebaugh 


77 


earaest  and  aanfaatkwia  effort,  aad  la  the  welfaKo  of  whieh  be  waa  io  gfoatly 

iaterested. 

We  cannot  think  of  any  more  fitting  or  appropriate  testimonial  than  this, 
and  therefore  recommend  further  that  the  cost  of  the  same,  not  to  exceed  $2,000, 
ba  appropriated  trum  the  geaeral  ftaada  of  thia  SMoeiation. 

Selection  of  the  design  proved  difficult.  We  wished  the  window 
to  suit  the  subject  and  to  avoid  the  conventional.  Finally  we  found 
an  artist  who  grasped  our  idea.  He  sufatnitted  a  design  whidi  was  so 
ioocxiqtarably  better  than  anything  else  offered  that  we  accepted  il  and 
ordered  the  manufacturers  to  go  ahead  with  the  work.  But  this 
involved  the  expenditure  of  $1,000  above  the  $2,000  already  appro- 
priated. Your  Committee  assumed  the  responsibility  for  this  extra 
amount,  but  at  the  meting  of  the  Board  of  Governors  on  January  8 
of  this  year  an  additional  appropriation  necessary  to  cover  im  coat  ci 
the  acoqpted  design  was  made. 

We  were  acquainted  with  Mr.  Defebaugh  as  an  associate  and 
friend  of  lumbermen,  devoting  himself  with  untiring  zeal  to  the  wel- 
fare of  the  lumber  business,  and  depending  for  his  reward  on  the 
recognition  of  the  beneficial  results  of  his  efforts.  His  services  were 
not  rendered  on  the  basis  of  bargain  and  sale,  he  was  no  paid  attorney ; 
what  he  did  was  done  freely  and  without  promise  of  reiraxL  He  took 
the  broad  ground  that  a  man  in  his  business  would  best  serve  himsdf 
by  best  serving  his  constituency. 

But  while  he  was  thus  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  lumber 
industry  he  had  other  interests  dearer  to  him,  and  his  time  and  money 
were  freely  expended  in  behalf  of  Christian  work,  in  the  church  of 
which  he  had  been  a  member  from  his  young  manhood,  the  Forty-first 
Street  Presbyterian  Church  of  Chicago.  His  influence  and  help  were 
fdt  in  every  department  of  its  work;  the  Sunday  School,  the  yoong 
people's  societies,  the  church  boards,  &e  Prayer  Meeting,  all  had  his 
personal  support;  and  he  reached  out  with  the  churdi  into  Yoong 
Men's  Christian  Association  fields  and  city  mission  enterprises. 

To  you,  who  furnish  the  funds  for  this  window,  a  brief  descrip- 
tion may  be  of  interest.  It  is  not  one  window,  but  five;  that  is,  the 
design  extends  across  five  windows,  all  of  the  same  size,  located  in 
the  north  wall  of  the  church.  These  windows  are  about  3x14  feet  in 
height,  round  topped,  separated  by  stone  piers.  As  you  look  at  it  yon 
do  not  see  the  separating  piers,  but  seem  to  kx^  out  through  the 
openings  onto  a  forest  and  mountain  landscape.  It  is  a  scene  much 
like  many  in  the  mountains  of  Pennsylvania,  where  Mr.  Defebaugh 
was  bom  and  raised. 


TS         National  LuMBot  Manufactubers'  Association 

To  the  right  and  left  of  the  view  are  pine  trees  and  hills  which, 

except  in  the  far  distance,  are  forest  clad.  The  center  view  is  with- 
out trees,  but  in  the  middle  distance  down  in  the  valley  is  a  beautiful 
river,  and  back  of  it  is  hill  after  hill  until  a  lofty  mountain  ends  the 
scene;  and  over  it  is  the  l^ue  sl^  flecked  wkh  go^kn  ckwdsi  tinted  by 
the  setting  son. 

The  window  is  a  beautiftd  one,  and  we  believe  si  to  be  specially 

appropriate.  Under  the  center  panel  is  the  inscription  "In  Memory  of 
James  Elliott  Defebaugh,  Mar.  28th,  1854 — Nov.  21st,  1909."  Under 
the  other  four  windows  or  panels  are  these  texts,  "I  will  lift  up  mine 
eyes  unto  the  hills  from  whence  cometh  my  help,"  "The  strength  of 
the  hills  is  his  also,"  ''He  that  liveth  and  believeth  in  me  shall  never 
"He  shaU  be  Hke  %  tree  fOanted  by  the  rivers  of  wato." 

L.  K.  Baker^  Chairman, 
C.  A.  BiGELOw^  Secretary. 

PusnxNT  GuGGs:  I  am  gdng  to  ask  the  Resdutkms  Committee 
to  formulate  proper  resolutions  for  this  committee  to  present  at  a  later 
meeting.  It  is  a  commendable  recognition  by  this  association  of  most 
valuable  services  by  a  man  who  was  ever  ready  to  sacrifice  himself 
for  the  lumber  industry. 

I  want  to  again  insist,  if  I  can  insist,  that  the  conventioii  assemble 
promptly  at  2:50  this  afternoon.  It  is  no  more  than  rig^  Aat  you 
pay  this  courtesy  to  the  gentlemen  who  have  given  of  their  time  and 
labor  to  prepare  papers  for  us. 

I  also  want  to  call  the  attention  of  the  chairmen  of  the  committees 
'  to  the  necessity  of  their  getting  together  promptly,  because  this  is 
a  business  organizaion  and  we  cannot  linger  here  very  long.  We  want 
to  get  the  work  done.  It  has  been  suggested  diat  anybody  who  has 
any  resolution  submit  the  same  to  the  proper  committee  chairman, 
so  Hmt  the  committee  can  consider  it  in  the  interim. 

President  Griggs  then  announced  the  convention  in  recess  until 
2 130  p.  m. 


SECOND  SESSION 


Ttae^iagr  Aflmiooo,  Mmy  7,  1912 

The  oooventkm  met  pursuant  to  recess,  Pfeskteat  Griggs  in  the 
chair» 

PwssttMNT  Griggs:  Gentlemen,  the  convention  recessed  until 
2 :30  p.  m.,  it  is  now  2 132.  We  opened  our  morning  session  with  an 
informal  address  of  welcome  from  Mr.  W.  E.  Delaney.  Mr.  Ddmy 
is  also  down  for  an  address  as  representing  the  Hardwood  Manu- 
facturers' Association  of  the  United  Sti^,  of  which  he  is  President 
As  he  WIS  so  suocesslul  diis  morning,  we  will  be  glad  to  hear  from 
him  again. 

The  Association  I  Represent 

BY  W.  E.  DELANEY^  OF  CINCINNATI,  OHIO 

If  I  burden  you  for  a  few  moments  with  a  story  with  which  you 
are  all  familiar,  it  is  for  the  purpose  of  refreshing  your  memory,  that 
I  may  show  why  our  association  was  formed  and  wiU  be  maimatned. 

It  has  frequentiy  been  stated,  and  never  to  my  knowledge  dis- 
proved, that  the  manufacturers  of  the  Soutii  as  a  whole  have  made  no 
money  in  tiie  manu^cture  of  hardwoods.  It  is  true  that  some  have 
^own  profits,  but  they  have  been  made  on  the  enhancement  of  stump- 
age  values  rather  than  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  I  have  heard  it 
stated  often  that  if  a  timber  holder  had  sufficient  time  in  which  to 
dispose  of  his  holdings,  he  could  realize  mm  ftom  its  sale  Oan  from 
its  manufacture  into  lumber.  WiA  tins  condition  prevailmg  it  is  easy 
to  undmluid  what  the  manufacturer  is  up  against  in  the  purchase  of 
his  raw  material.  After  the  timber  is  purchased  he  begins  to  figure  the 
cost  of  getting  the  timber  into  logs  and  delivered  to  his  mill.  I  want 
to  ask  if  there  is  any  manufacturer  in  the  South  present  here  today  who 
has  ever  been  able  to  instaU  and  operate  his  equipment  fw  less  tiiaa 
Jiis  original  estimate.  As  soon  as  he  starts  hb  opmtion  trouble  b<^s ; 
it  is  a  fight  ton  the  time  the  iM^e  Mows  in  tiie  mommg  until  the 

79 


8o         National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  AasoOATKm 


whistle  at  night.  Fortunate  is  the  one  who  do«  nol  coiitiiiiie.tlie  fight 
after      dosing  signal 

DIFFICULTIES  ENCOUNTERED 

If  operating  in  the  mountains  he  is  dealing  with  the  most  inde- 
pendent labor  in  the  entire  country.   If      ^  ^Jf^.  ^ 
^  job  a  little  out  of  humor  in  the  morning  he  is  likely  to  lose  half  Wi 
emr  by  night.  If  the  work  of  a  laborer  is  criticised  he  takes  his  gun 
^Joes  Muirid  hunting,  which  is  much  easier  than  "ball-hootmg 
logs^ToT^moantain.  If  the  operator  is  in  the  flat  country 
Sf  South  he  is  up  against  dhnatic  conditians  that  j^^' 
him  to  procure  satisfactory  labor.  He  will  work  dihgently  for  a  day 
correcting  some  leak  in  the  operation  and  go  to  bed  at  nig^it  totfmg 
that  the  foUowing  day  will  run  smoothly,  but  he  f^^'^^^'^K*^ 
Uie  job  the  next  morning  than  he  finds  another  leak,  usually  more 
makm  than  Ae  one  wHh  which  he  has  just  battled. 

He  finally  figures  the  cost  erf  his  raihoad  at  $2,000  a  nule,  formerly 
was  surprised  when  it  ran  to  $SW  but  now  has  become  so  accu^ 
tomed  to  it  that  he  takes  it  as  a  matter  of  course.  He  must  keqp  a 
careful  eye  on  every  step  in  his  operation.  The  woodsHMan  may  emier 
cut  too  much  timber,  permitting  it  to  damage,  or  he  will  not  have 
taooA  to  meet  requirements.   If  he  happens  to  want  16-foot  lengths 
hewm  discover  that  his  cutters  found  it  impossible  to  get  other  than 
,a  and  14-foot.  He  finds  the  condition  reversed  if  he  wants  12s  and 
14s.   He  finally  gets  his  logs  to  the  railroad, J«XH5h^^ 
mean  delivery.  Numerous  things  may  happen  before  the  tram  grts  to 
the  miU    I  only  recently  asked  a  logging  locomotive  engineer  why  he 
was  backing  his  empties  up  over  the  road  instead  of  pulling  tiicm, 
and  he  SMd  toit  he  "had  been  having  better  luck  that  way.  After 
one  has  succeeded  m  getting  the  togs  to  tiie  miU  he  must  carefully 
watch  their  manufacture.   The  curing  requires  an  amount  of  care 
or  the  lumber  will  stain  or  warp. 

PROBLEMS  OF  MANUPACTUIB 

The  manufacturer  constantly  faces  the  two  greatest  known  risks- 
fire  and  water.  The  recent  overflow  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  has  in 
many  cases  caused  losses  that  will  require  years  to  regain.  ^ 

After  aU  of  tiicse  difficulties  have  been  faced,  the  lumber  is  ready 
ior  MpaoA  and  he  feds  that  the  troubles  should  be  over  and  no 


SoOnOM  HiUUIWOOD  FlWBU^  ti 

great  hardships  inqiosed  in  marketing  his  product  But  what  is  he  to 
find  then?  Seme  gentkmei^  who  sit  m  city  offices,  reach  there  1^  nine 
hi  the  moralBg  and  leaip«  at  ionr  m  the  evening,  riding  to  and  ftom 
their  work  in  street  cars  or  automobiles,  inform  him  that  they  should 

be  the  judges  of  how  he  should  grade  and  market  the  product.  They 
not  only  desire  to  name  the  price  at  which  he  should  sell  it  but  the 
grades  that  he  shall  make. 

He  realizes  that  he  must  furnish  such  character  of  grades  as  the 
oonsoiBer  of  lumber  requires  for  the  purpose  for  which  the  h 
is  tnteoded»  but  ^  does  sot  satisfy  aU  the  ididesakrs.  They 
want  a  grade  that  can  be  manipulated  by  mixing,  or  demand  a  grade 
that  will  enable  them  to  procure  from  the  consumer  a  higher  market 
price  by  reason  of  the  higher  grade  which  they  are  to  furnish.  If  this 
demand  is  for  the  intention  first  expressed,  the  methods  are  dishonest 
and  should  receive  no  support  from  any  element  interested  in  the  hoft- 
ber  business.  If  the  seoood,  the  methods  are  harmful  to  tl^  ooosomen 
as  wdl  as  the  producers  ci  lumber.  What  adikd  value  can  they  give 
to  the  consumers  by  furnishing  them  a  better  grade  than  actually 
required  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended  ?  It  is  a  fact  known 
to  every  one  present  that  some  wholesalers  make  different  representa- 
tion of  the  grade  to  the  buyer  than  they  do  to  the  manufacturer  from 
whom  they  purchase  the  stock  to  fill  die  cM'der.  When  the  «>Mf"M-*t 
is  received  by  the  purchaser,  iStut  wholesaler  figures  tint  he  has  two 
dianoes,  first,  tiie  purchaser  will  take  a  grade  tower  ti»n  tiiat  repre- 
sented in  making  the  sale,  or  the  shipper  will  stand  such  a  reduction 
on  the  shipment  as  will  permit  him  to  make  an  allowance  to  his  cus- 
tomer equal  to  the  difference  in  value  between  that  which  he  has  pur- 
chased and  that  sold. 

After  going  through  cm-  cootetting  the  difficukks  mentioaed  in 
die  productton  of  lumber,  the  manulaetaier  k  not  in  any  humor  to 
parley  with  such  methods.  It  vi^as  to  combat  all  of  these  that  our 
associaticm  was  formed. 

FIELD  OF  THE  DEALER 


This  organization  recognizes  the  field  of  the  legitimate  dealer  in 
lumber.  My  remarks  are  not  intended  for  him.  It  has  been  stated 
bmpm^  that  our  (nganiaattoo  had  lor  its  purpose  die  dimniation 
of  the  dealer  from  the  trade.  I  want  to  say  enqphatkally  that  there 
was  no  such  intent,  but  it  was  and  is  the  purpose  of  this  association 


8i        Natioral  LoiiMt  Manufactuius'  AflsooAnoK 


to  ^  mediods  of  the  class  of  wholesaler  that  I  have  men- 

tkMwd.  It  is  true  tliat  the  dealer  and  wholesaler  have  been  classified 
as  middle-nien  and  have  placed  upon  tiieni  the  burden  of  carrying  iSat 
kind  of  wholesalers  mentioned.  If  they  arc  not  content  to  carry  sndi 

an  element,  they  have  the  matter  in  their  own  hands  and  it  is  up  to 
them  to  solve  the  problem.  Often  the  manufacturer  prefers  to  market 
his  lumber  through  dealers  and  wholesalers  but  has  been  debarred 
horn  doing  so  on  account  of  losses  sustained  through  methods  men- 
tkmed.  The  niann&ctnfers  insist  that  it  is  the  dnty  of  the  dealers  and 
wholesalers  to  correct  these  abuses  in  tiie  marketing  of  lumber  and 
deal  with  the  problems  as  they  present  themselves  m  handling  lumber 
between  the  producer  and  the  consumer,  aside  from  inspection ;  which 
the  manufacturers  feel  is  a  problem  to  be  settled  between  the  consumers 
and  themselves.  It  is  admitted  that  frequently  the  manufacturer  is 
in  error  in  shipping  stock  below  the  grade  provided  for  in  the  order, 
or  poorly  manufactured  material  This  organizatkm  does  not  coun- 
tenance such  mediods,  but  is  using  every  effort  to  have  its  membership 
properly  manufacture  and  grade  the  product 

ELIICXNATION  OF  WASTEFUL  METHODS  IN  MARKETING 

There  was  a  day  when  timber  was  so  plentiful  and  cheap  as  to 
permit  wasteful  methods  in  the  marketing  of  lumber,  but  with  the 
hitler  {Mioes  id  stun^age  m  this  day  it  is  not  only  unpracticable  but 
utqjHrofitabie.  Sudi  metliods  make  it  impossiUe  for  the  consumer  to 
successfully  combat  wood  rabstitutkm,  which  we  are  contending  widL 
To  my  mind  the  unbusinesslike  methods  in  the  marketing  of  lumber 
have  done  more  to  permit  the  substitution  for  wood  than  any  other 
causes.  It  is  just  as  wasteful  and  as  foolish  to  require  a  board  to  be 
dear  on  both  sides  when  one  face  is  shown,  as  it  is  to  insist  that  wall 
paper  be  as  elaborately  finished  on  the  reverse  side  as  on  the  face.  It 
is  foife  as  wasteful  to  require  a  dear  cutting  when  a  sound  cutting 
answers  the  purpose  as  well  This  country  is  clamoring  for  preserva- 
tion of  its  forests.  How  can  they  be  preserved  if  the  manufacturer  is 
compelled  to  leave  in  the  forest  any  part  of  the  tree  that  can  be  utilized? 

Men  without  experience  have  been  lured  into  the  lumber  manu- 
Picturing  business  through  fairy  tales  told  of  the  wealth  that  comes 
to  all  hm^emien.  It  has»  until  the  last  few  years,  been  though  that 
att  one  had  to  do  was  to  buy  a  tract  of  timber,  erect  a  saw  adfl  and 
then  sit  back  and  draw  dividen(b.  The  trudi  of  Ae  matter  is  that 


SooTsmr  Hauiwood  Embejems 


the  man  who  can  suecessfuUy  operate  a  hardwood  praposttkm  in  tiie 
South  can  hqU  any  job^  eten  to  that  of  runnmg  our  government 

ICafOKANCB  OF  ONB  AFFECTS  ALL 

It  used  to  be  thought  that  the  less  our  coasters  knew  of  tiie 
manufacture  and  maiketmg  of  his  hmiber  the  less  dtfkuities  we  had. 
This  has  been  proven  absdutdy  erroneous.  Every  dollar  lost  in  the 
manulMture  and  maricetmg  of  lumber  hurts  the  entire  industry.  This 
association  has  done  much  to  educate  the  producer  of  lumber  and 
what  it  has  accomplished  in  this  regard  is  a  matter  of  history.  Work 
of  this  kind  is  more  slow  in  times  of  dqiressbn  than  in  good  times. 
Much  was  aocomplidied  prior  to  tiie  recent  d^iresskm,  and  for  this 
reason  the  members  <d  our  organizatkm  have  gone  Arough  the  bst  erne 
in  better  shape  than  ever  before  m  the  history  of  the  industry. 

It  has  been  said  that  Americans  are  extremists.  I  think  this  is 
true  m  regard  to  the  substitution  for  lumber.  While  substituticm  to 
a  certain  extent  is  necessary,  as  with  the  growth  of  this  country  our 
forests  would  have  soon  been  denuded,  mstead  of  i«t^««'gynt  substi- 
tutkm  the  tendenqr  has  been  to  eliminate  the  use  of  wood  entirely. 
Some  would  not  only  have  us  Uve  m  concrete  houses  but  we  must 
sit  in  concrete  duurs  and  sleep  m  concrete  beds.  The  tide  is  now 
beginnmg  to  turn  and  we  are  through  experience  learning  where  lum- 
ber can  and  cannot  be  satisfactorily  substituted.  The  advertising  cam- 
paign now  proposed  can  be  of  great  benefit  m  solving  this  problem  and 
should  recdve  the  hearty  support  of  all  lumbennen. 

MAKUFACTUaBaS  SHOULD  SUPFOKT  ASSOCIATION  WORK 

It  behooves  every  manufacturer  to  aflfiliate  with  die  manu&cturing 
association  dealing  with  the  problems  in  wood  in  which  he  is 
mterested  so  that  when  we  agam  come  into  our  own  we  can  intelli- 
meet  Ae  demands  made  upon  us.  Let  us  make  our  manufac- 
turing assodatkms  suffidcntly  strong  in  numbers  to  successfully  combat 
all  conditions  detrimental  to  our  business. 

Let  the  dealers  work  between  the  manufacturer  and  the  consumer 
where  the  field  is  large  and  profitable  and  as  unportant  as  any  and 
in  domg  tiiis  tiiey  wiU  assist  in  obtaimog  the  tesults  so  mudi  d^ired 
la  the  lumber  niihistry. 

^VVie  win  earnestly  cooperate  witii  associations  of  dealers  who  are 
endeavoring  to  sdve  the  problems  of  correctiy  marketing  lumber. 


84        NATSXHALLmant  ILofurAcnnHS^  AMOciAmK 

Let  die  imiwifartwiag  asaodatioiis  use  cmy  effort  to  see  that 
their  members  properly  manufacture  and  ship  tbeir  htnto.  Unless 

we  do  this,  we  cannot  ask  or  expect  the  support  of  Ae  purdiuers  of 
our  product. 

Let  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  deal  with 
tfie  imblems  that  affect  no  qicdfic  wood  or  woods»  but  of  the  lumber 

indtu^  as  a  whole. 

We  have  an  industry  that  stands  third  among  those  of  the  natton. 
Let  us  then  handle  it  with  an  intelligence  such  a  busmess  demands. 
[Applause.] 

President  Griggs:  There  is  a  number  on  the  program  which 
was  assigned  for  Wednesday  afternoon  session,  an  address  by  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Keith,  Kansas  Qty,  Mo.,  on  "The  Trust  Question  as  Relat- 
hig  to  the  Lonto  Industry."  It  has  been  decided  to  hear  that  paper 
now  and  I  know  tet  yoa  will  6nd  H  exceedmgly  interesting.  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Keith,  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Mr.  Keith  :  Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen :  I  am  afraid  that  tfie 
paper  I  am  going  to  read  on  this  occasion  is  pretty  long,  but  I  hope  to 
be  able  to  hold  your  attention  during  the  time  that  I  am  reading  it. 
Some  pan^ets  have  been  distributed  by  referring  to  which  you  can 
follow  me,  and  they  contain  charts  which  perhaps  you  can  see  better 
than  those  thai  ^  be  exyUted  from  ^  platlorm. 


The  Trust  Question  as  Relating  to  the  Lumber  Industry 

BY  CHAKLES  S.  K£ITH,  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

In  re^Kiose  to  the  request  of  yonr  worthy  Presictal  and  Manager 
that  I  prepare  and  read  at  this  meeting  a  paper  oo  lit  tmsl  quest! 
as  rdi^ii^  to  tbt  hnnber  industry,  I  advised  them  tfiat  I  could  only 
give  a  paper  that  I  had  already  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  showing 
that  the  yellow  pine  industry  is  not  trust  controlled.  This  paper  was, 
primarily,  an  answer  to  a  suit  filed  by  the  State  of  Missouri  against 
several  defendant  companies  which  were  either  inooffKH-ated  und^  the 
laws  of  MtMoori  or  had  qualified  to  do  bashwss  nnder  the  laws  of 
that  state. 

Tlie  figures  In  this  oonnectkm  coold  be  very  easily  elaborated  so 
as  to  indude  tfic  entire  lumber  industry,  in  all  of  its  ramifications,  but 
this  task  so  greatly  exceeded  my  ability  and  the  time  which  I  was  able 
to  give  to  it  that  I  could  not  undertake  it,  so  I  will  have  to  r^n^^  my 
remarks  to  the  work  already  accomplished. 

When  we  look  back  over  ikt  histoiy  of  tiie  kmdbcr  mdnstry  for 
the  past  thirty  years  and  con^are  the  con^tkxis  existing  at  begin- 
nmg  of  this  period  wiA  those  existing  in  ^  hiditttry  today,  and  take 
into  oon^deration  the  fact  that  the  public  is  not  conversant  with  the 
causes  for  present  conditions,  but  know  only  their  effects,  it  is  not  sur- 
prising that  they  should  reach  the  conclusion  that  the  lumber  industry  is 
trust  controlled-  Such  a  conclusion,  however,  is  very  incorrect,  and  in 
order  that  present  conditions  may  be  fxdly  understood  it  he  neoes- 
saiy  to  review  all  the  lads. 

INCBBASE  nf  DBMAMII  AHD  CAUSES  OONTUBUTIirG  THXXBIO 

The  continental  population  of  the  United  States  was,  accordii^  to 
Mr.  Overton  W.  Price,  Associate  Forester,  for  i88ob  and  *The  Worid 
Aknanac  and  EacyOope^"  issue  of  i^i,  for  1900  and  1910,  as 
fotbws: 

{n  1880  50,153,783 

^  '900.  75,994,575 

.     ^^'^  91,972,267 

shovdog  an  increase— 

85 


86        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  AsaooATiON 

Between  1880  and  1900  of  25,840,792,  or  51.5  per  cciil; 

Between  1900  and  1910  of  15*977>^» 

Between  1880  and  1910  of  41,818^,  or  S34  P«r  cmt 

The  productioii  of  Iwnber,  at  Aown  by  Mr.  Price  lor  iMo  and 
1900,  and  government  reports  lor  1909,  indicatet  Ihe  loBoiwiiif  con- 
sumption : 

In  1880,  18,000  million  feet,  or  360  feet  per  capita; 
In  1900,  35,000  million  feet,  or  460  feet  per  capiU; 
In  1909,  44»509  million  feet ; 
In  1910,  *48,959  million  feet,  9r  532  feet  per  capitt. 


From  the  above  figures  it  will  be  noted  that: 

Between  1880  and  1900— 

The  increase  in  population  was  52   per  cent. 

The  increase  in  per  capita  consumption  was .  .28  per  cent,  and 
The  increase  in  total  production  and  con- 

sumption  was  944  per  cent 

Between  1900  and  1910 — 

The  increase  in  population  was  21  percent. 

The  increase  in  per  capita  consumption  was.  15  per  cent,  and 
The  increase  in  total  production  and  con-  _ 

sumption  was   4^  percent 

Between  1880  and  1910  (30  years)— 

The  increase  in  population  was  834  per  cent, 

The  increase  in  per  capita  consumption  was  47.7  per  cent,  and 
The  increase  in  total  production  and  con- 
sumption was   172  percent 


We  beg  to  refer  here  to  Caiart  I,  wbWi  was  prqmred  to  tli^ 

First— The  increase  in  population  from  1880  to  2910  and  the 
rdalive  population  of  the  United  States  lor  1880, 1900  and  1910 ; 

Second— The  increase  in  the  consumption  of  lumber  from  1880 
to  1010  and  the  relative  consumption  of  lumber  from  1880  to  1910 ; 

Third— The  increase  in  the  consumption  of  lumber,  per  capita, 
Iran  1880  to  1910^  and  rdattvely,  per  capita,  from  1880  to  191a 

During  this  entire  period  of  industrial  and  social  development  in 
the  United  States  there  has  been  no  reforestation  and  every  tree  cut  has 
^KmfnkAiirf  the  availaUe  supply  and,  consequently,  from  conditions 
where  tiie  loftst  was  considered  ol  little  value  the  remaining  timber, 
which  is  now  measured  and  Imown,  has  grown  tobeol  greal  vAi^  boA 
commercially  and  economically. 

•  The  1910  figures  are  ertimated  by  acldmgW.7  per  mat  to  thdJISy  figures, 
tht  increase  in  produetion  Aowb  by  Gee.  K  nUfcV  lifsrls  «f  fnmmm^ 


Trust  Question  and  Luicm  limjstax 


During  this  period,  the  white  fmie  resources  ol  tiie  Lake  eomtaj 
have  been  practically  eidiausted. 

Government  reports  for  1900, 1908  and  1909  contain  the  following 
figures  covering  production  of  different  woods : 

WHITE  PINE 

Production  in  1900  74^3,000,000  leet 

Production  in  1909  3,9oo,ooo/)00  leel 

Decrease  3,583,000^000  leet,  or  48% 

That  this  decrease  is  due  to  forest  exhaustion  is  evidenced  by  the 
following  quotation  from  reports  above  mentioned: 

"For  more  than  30  years  the  Lake  States  have  led  in  the  produc- 
tion of  white  pine  lumber,  and  this  lead  is  still  maintained,  though  with 
a  greatly  decreased  output,  due  to  the  exhaustion  of  the  timber  supply. 
The  white  pine  production  in  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota 
in  1899  was  5,977,000,000  feet,  and  in  1909,  2,179,000,000  feet,  the  pro- 
duction in  1909  being  less  tlum  the  production  of  Wisconsin  alone  ten 
years  earlier.'* 


CHART  NO.  1. 


8B        National  Luicbbr  Manufactusbbs'  Associatiom 

Production  in  1900   .34i90^00Q,000  feet 

Bnodndton  in  1909   — ^sifioajooo  Utt 

Demtte   569^0(^)00  feet, or  10% 

YELLOW  PINE 

Production  in  1900  9,658,000,000  feet 

Production  in  1909  16,277,000,000  feet 

Production  in  1910  *i8,o67/xx),ooo  feet 

As  shown  during  iht  ten-year  period  horn  1900  to  I9xp»  there  wis 
an  increase  in  population  of  15,977,692,  and  a  per  capita  consumptioo 

of  532  feet,  board  measure,  so  it  would  appear  from  this  that  the 
increased  annual  consumption  from  this  source  alone  in  1910  was  8,500 
million  feet.  The  per  capita  consumption  of  19 10  shows  an  increase 
over  that  of  1900  of  72  feet,  board  measure,  showing  a  further  increase 
in  lannal  oonsiis^taoo     the  populati^  of  1900  of  SA^i  miUion  feet 

White  pme  showed  a  redaction  of  3,583  miUion  feet,  and  hemloelc 


369  million  feet;  therefore,  upon  other  woods  was  thrown  an  anmial 
increased  demand  due : 

Feet 

First — ^To  increase  in  population  8,500,000,000 

Second— To  increase  in  per  capita  consumption  s^ifioofioo 

Third— To  increase  acooont  redaction  in  white  pine 

production   StSfiSfiOOfiOO 

Fourth— To  increase  account  reduction  in  hemlock  pro- 
duction   369,000,000 


Total  i7,9^ifioofioo 


of  which  yellow  pine  contributed,  in  1910,  8,409  million  feet,  Douglas 
fir  3,020  million  feet,  and  other  woods  6494  million  feet,  or  a  total  of 
17,923  million  feet 

INCREASED  value  OF  TIMBER  lands 

During  this  period,  by  reason  of  increasliiig  consumption  and 
diminidiing  supply  of  timber,  the  cost  and  value  of  timbtf  lands  lunre 

*  The  1910  production  is  estimated  to  be  10.7  per  cent  greater  than  in  1909, 
by  reason  of  better  market  and  logging  conditions,  and  is  reflected  in  the  Yellow 
Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  reports  showing  production  of  Association  mills 
to  bate  iaammi  Ikat  jm*     tliia  percentage. 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Inousisy  ^ 

greatly  increased,  according  to  James  D.  Lacey  &  Co.,  timber  land 
factors,  as  follows : 

PRICfiOF  YEUjOW  PIN9  LAND  IN  LOUISIANA 

Per  Per 

Year            Per  acre  1000  ft  Year           Per  acre  1000  ft. 

^Pl  *3-<»  IMO,  1905  $50.00  $3.33 

  S-SO  1906   3  33 

  •      6x»  40  1907  ssxxj  3^ 

1900..             15.00  iM  1906  6aoo  4.00 

1901  aaoo  1.33  1909  6sM  4.33 

1902  25.00  1.66  1910  ^.50  4.50 

1903  27.50  1.83  1911  8sx)o  5.66 

1904- "  ^CMX>  2.00 

In  this  oonnectioa  we  had  prepared  Chart  2,  showing: 

First — Increase  in  yellow  pine  lumber  from  iBof  to  lOio; 
Second — ^Increase  in  value  per  acre  of  yellow  pme  tinwer  hods,  the 
range  of  prices  nnmtng  from  $3x^0  in  1897  to  I85J00  in  1911. 

REVIEW  OF  TIMBER  SITUATION 

There  has  never  been  an  authentic  and  reliable  estimate  of  the 
standing  timber  of  the  United  States.  The  correctness  of  the  last 
report  of  Mr.  Herbert  Knox  Smith,  Commissioner  of  Corporations,  on 
the  Lumber  Industry,  is  being  very  Urgefy  question^  by  weU-it^mied 
lumbermen. 

Mr.  Smidi's  report  shows  a  total  of  634,000  million  feet  of  timber, 
hotard  measure,  soudi  of  the  Ohio  and  Missouri  rivers  and  east  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  In  arriving  at  this  total  he  has  estimated  that  each 
thousand  feet  of  timber,  log  scale,  will  yield  1,250  feet  of  lumber, 
board  measure.  He  states  that  of  this  634,000  million  feet,  384,000 
million  feet  is  yellow  ^ne.  In  other  words,  ^fiifiOO  miUion  feet  of 
lumber  is,  in  fact,  125  per  cent  of  tiie  actual  ydbw  pine  ttmber,  log 
scale,  and  60.6  per  cent  of  the  total  timber  m  tiie  South,  hence  384,000 
millioa  feet  of  lumber  represents  307,500  million  feet  of  timber  or  logs. 

Mr.  Smith,  in  his  report,  shows  that  of  the  total  of  634,000  million 
feet  in  the  South,  the  State  of  Louisiana  contributes  119,800  million 
feet,  and  estimating  that  the  yellow  pine  timber  in  Louisiana  bears  the 
same  ratio  to  the  total  timber  in  that  state  as  it  does  to  the  total  timber 
hi  the  South,  we  find  that  of  the  119,800  miUion  fe^  of  aU  dasses  of 


90        National  Lumber  Manufacturbks'  Association 


CHART  MO.  8. 

First :   Shows  tte  increase  In  yellow  pine  lumber  from  1807  to  1911,  each  on*  Inch 
fln  the  yerUcal  ante  vtpreienting  one  bUlion  feet  This  shows  the  lacresss  la  pcodoc- 
—    100%. 


Second :  It  shows  the  increase  in  value  per  acre  of  yellow  pine  timber  lands,  each 
I^^^fi  IS^  scale  representing  $10.00  in  Tslae^  the  rsnfls  of  prices  nuukiag 


Trost  QossnoN  and  lAjuam  iMsmnnr  91 


tunber  in  Louisiana,  606  per  cent,  or  72,598  million  feet,  board  meamr^ 
is  xellow  pai«»  which  nprmaU  5^190  miUioa  Uitt,  log  acdt. 

tOUIttAMA  miMAttS 

Now  a  carefd]  tnnrey  of  tiie  ydlow  pmt  timber  in  Louisiana  de- 
velops an  entirely  different  condition,  and  what  we  find  is  as  follows : 

There  are  thirty-one  parishes  in  Louisiana  which  have  yellow  pine 
timber.  Originally  they  had  7,556,063  acres,  but  of  this  3,806,542  acres, 
or  50.37  per  cent,  have  been  cut  over,  leaving  3,749,521  acres  of  virgin 
timber.  This  timber,  as  shown  by  the  Louisiana  State  Board  of  Eqtmii- 
aatioa  in  their  r^ort  iot  tiie  jrear  19 10,  is  divided  into  f oar  disses,  viz. : 

Class  A — ^Estimated  at  15,000  feet  and  over  to  the  acre; 
Class  B — ^Estimated  at  10,000  to  14,000  feet  to  the  acre; 
Class  C— Estimated  at  6,000  to  10,000  feet  to  the  acre; 
Class  D— Estimated  at  2,000  to  6fioo  feet  to  the  acre. 

In  estimating  this  land  and  giving  it  the  highest  estimate  under 


each  classification,  we  get  the  following  results: 

Feet. 

Classes  A  and  6— < 

956.896  acres  at  15,000  feet  per  acre  i4»354«OOQ,ooo 

Class  C— 

960,527  acres  at  10,000  feet  per  acre  9,6o5/xx),ooo 

Class  D—- 

1,832,098  acres  at  6,000  feet  per  acre  10,992,000,000 


Beiiy  a  total  of  34,951,000,000 

Addmg  10  per  oem  for  tncom^ete  report  3495,000,000 


Shows  a  grand  total  of  38446,000,000 


or  an  average  per  acre  of  10,253  feet,  which  is  nrach  more  than  the 

whole  will  cut,  as  against  Mr.  Smith's  figure  of  58,190  million  feet. 

FACTS  SHOW  lEPOKT  IN  BUOR 

In  odier  words,  tiie  facts  show  tiiat  there  is  19,744  miUioo  feet  less 
oi  ydlow  pine  timber  in  TiOqisiana  than  Mr.  Smitii  shows,  and  that  the 
ttnomit  shown  in  hfe  report  is  151.3553  per  cent  of  the  actual.  There- 
fore, if  his  report  covering  the  total  South  is  no  nearer  correct  than 
for  the  State  of  Louisiana,  it  is  safe  to  conclude  that,  reduced  to  log 


92        National  Lumbui  MANUFACnnuntt'  AuocuxKm 


scale,  it  shows  104,336  million  feet  more  timber  than  there  actually  u, 
and  hence  there  is  today  only  203,164  million  feet  of  yeUow  ^m^ 

Now,  a  careful  survey  of  the  yelbw  pine  tunber  In  Louisiana  shows 
that  70  per  cent  is  la  inches  and  over  in  diameter,  and  that  30  per  cent 
is  between  12  inches  and  8  inthes  in  diameter,  and  that  the  12-inch 
timber  will  cut  five  stock-lengths  logs  to  the  tree,  one  of  which  comes 
from  the  tops  and  contains  only  low-grade  timber,  so  that  if  all  the 
timber  8  inches  in  diameter  is  cut,  the  South  will  yield  a  timber  crop  of 
203,164  million  feet,  while  the  timber  12  inches  and  up,  induding  top 
logs,  will  yield  1421O00  milHon  feet,  and  if  tiie  top  log  is  not  manufac- 
Inred,  only  I  X4/xx>  minion  feet. 

The  smafl  timber  and  top  logs  will  yield  only  defective  lumber, 
and  our  experince  has  been  that  small  and  coarse  logs  will  not  yield 
in  realization  production  costs,  and  can  only  be  cut  at  a  profit  when  the 
demand  for  lumber  is  heavy  enough  so  that  the  price  will  justify  their 
manufacture. 

If  the  top  log  is  aUowed  to  rensain  on  the  ground,  it  will  lot  and 
waste.  Past  experience  has  shown  us  that  where  the  small  timber  is 
allowed  to  remain,  a  very  large  percentage  will  deaden  and  conse- 
quently waste,  this  being  caused  by  the  close  proximity  of  the  trees  to 
each  other  on  the  ground,  and  in  felling  the  larger  trees  the  smaller 
ones  are  unavoidably  scarred  and  consequently  most  frequently  die. 

8ELBCTIVB  CUTTING  IMPRACTICABLE 

The  theory  is  constantly  advanced  that  only  large  trees  should  be 
cut  and  the  smaller  ones,  which  are  supposed  to  be  immature,  should 
be  left  to  mature,  but  this  is  not  true,  not  only  for  the  reason  that  they 
will  deaden  but  for  the  further  reason  that  they  are  liequently  over- 
r^  and  should  be  manufactured. 

If,  durii^  the  five  years  from  January  i,  191 1,  to  January  i,  1916, 

the  s«ne  ratio  of  increase  in  population  and  consumption  continues, 

we  could  expect  to  consume  102  billion  feet  of  yellow  pine,  leaving  only 

loi  billion  feet  of  available  timber  in  1916 ;  that  is,  provided  all  timber 

8  inches  and  up  were  cut,  whereas,  if  only  the  12-indi  timber,  including 

the  top  log,  were  harvested,  the  availaUe  sup^  would  only  be  41 

b^kn  leel,  and  w^  a  fltiU  further  progressive  iffid  cunrakth^ 
iQg  eonswwptioc 

Estimating  that  yellow  pine  will  average,  wherever  located  in  the 

South,  7,000  feet  per  acre,  by  1916  there  will  be  denuded  14,571,428 


Tmwt  Question  and  Lumber  Industry  93 


a«es,  or  2,914,285  acres  per  annum ;  consequently  there  should  be  an 
agreement,  enforced  by  law,  to  control  the  output  of  lumber,  in  order 
that  a  price  could  be  secured  to  enable  the  bringing  in  of  all  timber, 
so  that  the  life  of  timber  might  be  conserved,  and  in  order  that  the 
average  price  might  be  held  to  a  lower  basis  for  a  lof^  period  of  time. 

It  must  be  conceded  that  the  earMer  the  reductkm  of  ^  produc- 
tion  ol  yeUow  pine  occurs,  the  ewKer  tiie  values  of  lumber  and  timber 


CHART  NO.  8. 

SgSnfmann'?? "^^^  ^'  P*^^  ^        South,  arrived  at  in  three 

M»  &  0? ISs^^SSr  *«^<^  up  to  dimeter,  wh^thm^mm^ 
able  » =of  WlfoM*^'  tM^^n^M  wM*  .It..  «,  n.^. 

n«w  m,  AM  101  MiikNi  tett,  if  tht  ttebtr  8  tadw  and  up  is  brought  in. 


JH        National  Lumber  Manufactussbs'  Associatiow 

will  increase,  and  the  longer  that  period  is  deferred  the  loqger  the 
prioet  will  maintain  a  lower  basis  of  value. 

DBdBASIHO  SUffLY  OT  TI1IBB&  AND  CAU8B 

We  want  to  call  yotir  attention  at  this  point  to  Chart  3,  on  the 
preceding  page,  showing  the  available  supply  of  yellow  pine  timber  in 
the  South  and  going  into  the  future  five  years. 

This  chart  shows  the  supply  of  yellow  pine  and  consumption, 
showing  how  rapidly  the  supply  is  being  dq>leted  and  demonstrating 
tlie  reasonable  eaqwctancy  of  fiirtiier  and  greater  ai^nredations  in  the 
vahie  of  y^Ocm  pbut  timber,  and  conse^ieiiliy  higher  prices  for  tiie 

The  general  consensus  of  opinion  of  3rdk>w  pine  lumbermen  is 
that  in  1910  the  manufacture  of  yellow  pine  reached  its  zenith  and  will 
decline,  on  account  of  depleted  forests,  from  now  on,  as  white  pine  has 
done. 

Accordiqg  to  James  D.  Lacey  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  there  is  only 
I,i00yooo  acres  of  ydlow  pine  land  not  now  in  the  hands  of  the  manu- 
iactnrer.  This  land,  at  the  hig^iest  estimate,  would  yidd  18^000  miUion 
feet,  or  less  than  one  year's  present  output  of  ydlow  pine  lumber,  and 

it  should  not  take  less  than  ten  years  to  remove  it 

ESTIMATED  SITUATION  ON  TIMBER  IN  I916 

It  is  seriously  etttmatfd  that  the  production  of  yellow  pine  lumber 
w9l  be  reduced  by  40  per  cent  in  five  years  from  January  i,  1911, 
irfuch  would  amount  to  7,337  miUion  feet,  and  tfiat  during  that  same 
period  the  increased  demand  due  to  increase  in  population  should 

amount  to  3,780  million  feet,  and  that  this  decreased  supply  of  yellow 
pine  and  increased  consumption  of  lumber  (amounting  to  11,007  million 
feet)  will  have  to  come  from  the  Pacific  coast  fir  timber,  which  would 
take  from  that  country  approximately  15,683  million  feet  per  annum  in 
1916^  as  agunst  their  production  of  4^5^^  million  feet  in  1909^  which 
hicreased  demand  will  greatiy  enhance  tiielr  cost  of  stun^Mge  and  tiie 
price  of  lumber,  and  the  drahi  on  tiieir  supply  will  be  ^  per  cent  per 
annum  greater  than  it  was  in  1909. 

At  this  point,  and  in  connection  with  the  above,  we  beg  to  refer  to 
Chart  4,  prq>ared  to  show  the  present  production  of  yellow  pine  and 
ir  lumbar,  and  the  probable  production  of  each  in  1916^  also  the 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry  95 


increased  consumption  by  reason  of  increased  population  in  the  same 
period  of  time. 

ooMPETmvE  conditions 


Now  that  we  haTe  attempted  to  handle  ^  timber  suppfy  and 
demand  for  lumber  m  all  its  phases,  let  us  see  whether  competitive 
conditions  and  lumber  prices  will  justify  the  daim  that  there  is  a 
"lumber  trust" 


CHART  NO.  4 


Um  preient  production  of  yellow  pine  and  fir  lumber,  and  shows  the  probable 
production  of  each  in  1016,  and  the  increased  consumption  by  reason  of  increased 
population  in  the  same  period  of  time,  showing  thereby  that  fir  lumber  will  increase 
from  4,866  million  feet  in  1909  to  15.863  million  feet  in  1916,  by  adding  together  the 
tocwgeja^nammj^a^  ^%i^i!t'^lSS%      decrease  In  vnkfoctton  of  yeUow  pbm 


As  to  compcOave  ooottkms  tad  Adr  rdalioii  to  the  so-called 
"himber  trust**  the  impression  is  broadcast  that  tiie  'Imiber  tmsf'  is 

the  Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  and  that  its  members  are 
the  members  thereof. 

When  it  is  known  that  there  were  234  mills  in  the  Yellow  Pine 
Manufacturers'  Associatioii  in  1910,  and  that  those  mills  produced  in 
1910  (tlie  year  of  teir  greatest  production)  4,500  millioa  feet,  out  of 
tiie  total  ydk>w  pine  output  of  181067  ndlHon  feet,  or  24.3  per  cent  of 
the  total  production,  oa  the  face  of  it  will  be  seen  the  impossibility  of 
such  a  control. 

Government  reports  indicate  that  in  the  year  1909,  in  the  states 
south  of  the  Missouri  and  Ohio  rivers  and  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
tibere  were  fl8y434  mills. 

Durii^  tfie  year  190B  nuumfacturers  of  yellow  pine  lumber  who 
were  members  of  tiie  Ydlow  Tim  Manufacturers'  Association  produced 
3,343  million  feet,  whereas  the  government's  reporto  show  that  in  Ae 
same  year  there  were  9,652  mills  active  in  the  manufacture  of  yellow 
pine,  of  which  251  mills  were  members  of  the  Association  and  9,401 
were  non-nwmbers  of  the  Association.  The  total  production  of  all 
as  shown  was  11,236  million  feet,  the  Association  mills  producing 
3,543  miOioit  feet  and  tbe  non-Assodatkm  mills  7,893  million  feet, 
rimwing  tel  Hbt  Anod^  mt&s  piodoeed  oofy  29  per  cent  of  the 
yellow  pine  lumber  manufactared  in  Oat  year,  and  the  noorAssodation 

mills  71  per  cent. 

The  government's  reports  for  the  year  1909  shows  that  of  the 
total  number  of  saw  mills  in  the  South  there  were  17,359  active  mills 
reported  as  cutting  yellow  pine  lumber  in  that  year,  out  of  which  234 
nSOB  wm  nerabers  of  the  Aatacialion  and  17^5  were  non-members 

file  Aisodalioii*  airf  were  aiii  ais  alwiQrs  in  conqKtitioa  with 
bers  of  the  Association.  Tbese  i7,t^  mlh  produced  in  1910  75.7  per 
cent  of  the  lumber  produced,  or  13,567  mfflion  feet 

In  addition,  the  product  of  the  mills  of  the  fir  manufacturers  of  the 
NorUiwest,  and  the  hemlock  manufacturers  of  the  North  and  North- 
east, as  wdl  as  the  manufacturers  of  other  woods,  are  at  all  times 
directly  in  sharp  oonq^etitioa  wik  ydkm  pine,  so  it  wiU  be  seoi  how 
impractical  it  would  be  lor  ooe-fourdi  of  ydlow  pine  product  to 
enter  into  agreement  and  aflFect  the  market  vataes  on  Uieir  product 
without  not  only  the  cooperation  of  the  non- Association  mills  in  their 
own  territory,  but  also  without  the  cooperation  of  Uie  manufacturers  of 
otlier  woods. 


Tmm  QuianoK  and  Lombir  IiiDvannr  9^ 

To  further  show  tliat  the  price  of  yellow  pine  lumber  has  been 
governed  by  coa^ettdve  oonditioot  and  the  law  of  supfrfy  and  demand, 
rather  than  by  any  external  nsan^ulations,  we  beg  to  present  at  ^bh 
point  Chart  4A,  showing  the  fluctuations  in  price  of  yellow  pine  from 

1901  to  191 1,  in  its  relation  to  the  volume  of  building  permits  in 
19  of  the  largest  cities  of  the  United  States,  the  volume  of  railroad 
construction  and  freight  and  passenger  cars  and  locomotives  built. 

From  this  chart  will  be  noted  the  great  increase  in  volume  of 
demimd  from  these  sources  which  advanced  the  prices  of  lumber  <tar- 
sng  the  various  years  in  this  period. 

The  figures  used  in  this  connection  have  been  arrived  at  in  ihe 
same  manner  as  have  those  used  by  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 


CBAXt  HO.  4A. 
Coapadtott  of  Yaimm. 


98        National  Lumber  Manufactubsrs'  Association 

Labor  in  arriving  at  the  values  of  the  various  commodities  and  have 
been  figured  entirely  on  a  percentage  relationship  basis. 

.    A  -  -.1 

PRICES  AFFECTED  BY  RAILROAD  CONSTRUCTION 

The  price  of  yellow  pine  has  been  materially  affected,  if  not  entirely 
governed,  by  the  fluctuation  in  railroad  construction  material  required, 
and  what  is  true  of  ydlow  fmie  is  tme  of  other  woods  and  of  other 
ooDMiodities* 

During  times  when  the  voltmie  of  railroad  construction  material 
was  heavy  the  percentage  of  production  of  yellow  pine  and  of  other 
woods  that  found  a  market  in  that  direction  was  increased  and, 
naturally,  the  prices  on  domestic  building  material,  commonly  known 
as  yard  stock,  increased  as  the  available  supply  of  lumber  that  could 
be  utiHied  for  that  purpose  was  diminished,  and  die  fact  that  there  was 
an  increase  in  the  demand  for  railroad  material  used  in  constructive 
purposes,  such  as  the  building  of  cars  and  other  equipment,  was  due 
to  an  industrial  development  throughout  the  country,  requiring  more 
cars  to  move  the  products. 

It  wHl  be  noted  in  1904  there  were  136,561  freight  cars  bdlt;  in 
1905,  34i,3i5»  and  in  1906,  310,315. 

We  have  used  the  years  1904,  1905  and  1906  as  being  representa- 
tive of      oooditicms  throughout  the  country  generally  at  that  time. 

In  the  year  1904  there  were  2,538  engines  built;  in  1905,  6,265, 
and  in  I9q6»  6,642. 

In  1904  there  were  2^113  passeogier  cars  built;  in  1905,  3,289,  and 

in  1906,  3,402. 

We  also  ind  that  in  1904  there  were  3^32  nulcs  of  railroad  con- 
structed; in  190S,         «mI  in  1906^  5>633. 

We  find,  further,  that  for  these  three  years,  in  the  19  largest 
cities  of  the  United  States,  the  building  permits  amounted,  in  round 
numbers:  In  1904,  to  302  million  dollars;  in  1905,  427  million  dollars, 
and  in  1906,  460  million  dollars.  It  is  safe  to  assume  that  the  same 
amm  that  produced  diese  effects  in  these  19  cities  of  the  United 
States  extended  to  the  other  large  dies,  and  to  each  and  every  town 
and  hamlet  throughout  this  great  republic,  and. the  various  foreign 
countries  as  well,  and  that  they  were  general.   The  building  of  cars, 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry  99 


locomotives  and  railroads  was  simply  the  effect  caused  by  the  general 
prosperity  of  the  country  and  the  great  increase  in  the  amount  of  gen- 
eral business.  These  facts  are  more  ^>edfically  shown  in  the  subjoined 

tables  reference  to  which  will  show  how  similarly  various  lines  of 
business  are  influenced,  though  by  no  means  simultaneously. 


VUlfBKB  OF  MILES  OT  BAILBOAD  OONSTBUOTED  lAOH  YEAR  AND  NUMBKB  OT  ENGINES, 
nUDOHT  CARS  AND  PASSENGER  CARS  BUILT  EACH  YEAR  FOR  11  YEARS,  FROM  1901 
TO  1911,  INOLUSIVS,  AND  THE  PEBCSNTAOS  RELATION  THAT  THE  VOLUME  OF  EACH 
imC  worn  MkOR  TEAE  BEABS  to  the  ATERAQM  foe  the  11  TEARS;  ALSO  THE 

AmttMm  m  tbh  wmeaeuam  wmjaum  loa  the  ioue  imca  snywN. 

— EngiM^^     —Freight  Cau —  — Pais  Cars —    Bys.  Const 'd 
Ymr.  No,    BeL  %       No,      Bel.  %     No.  MUeo.  BoL  % 


1901   4,340  118.1  193,439  108.4  2,879  100.0  5,368  117.5 

1902   4,665  124.0  195,248  109.3  3,459  120.1  6,026  131.9 

1903    3,283  87.2  108,936  61.0  2,310  80.2  5,652  123.8 

1004   2,SSS  67.4  186,561  76.4  2,213  76.1  3,832  88.0 

1905   6,265  166.2  341,315  191.1  3,289  114.2  4,388  96.0 

1906   6,642  149.9  310,315  173.8  3,402  118.0  5,623  123.1 

1907    8,482  92.5  151,711  84.9  1,791  62.2  5,212  114.1 

1008   1,182  31.4  62,669  35.1  1,310  45.8  3,214  70.5 

1909   3,350  89.0  180,360  106.1  4,514  156.7  8,748  8tiS 

1910    3,787  100.3  141,204  79.0  3,881  134.7  4,128  90.3 

1911   2,850  75.7  133^17  74.5  2,623  01.1  3,066  67a 


IMOi...  41,884  1,968,875  81,680  50,257 

AvcfEffM   8^762  178y584  2,880 


or  EAnaoAP  uMaia  ootraBAor,  movth.  or  mabch,  1900,  to  1907,  imglusi?x. 

Tmr. 

1900. 
1901. 
1008. 

1903. 
1904. 
1905. 

vounm  <»p  BunuNo  wmMtn  mmm  nr  the  10  omm  sBowir  on  attache 

aiATEMENT,  BY  YEARS,  FOR  1902  TO  1911,  INCLUSIVE,  AND  THE  PERCENTAGE 
BELATION  THAT  THE  VOLUiCB  WG§k  BACH  TBAE  BEAB8  TO  THE  AVEBAOB  TOE  THE 


TEN  YEARS. 

P^romitofaveniffO 

Tear.  Amouni.  for  ten  yean. 

1902   $  286,858,464.00  71.38 

1903    283,078,181.00  70.43 

1904   802,148,782.00  75.18 

1905   427,168,727.00  106.29 

1906   460,422,204.00  114.57 

1907   415,947,907.00  103.50 

1908    384,740,253.00  95.74 

1009    520,058,004.00  129.41 

1910   487,160,844.00  121.22 

1911   451,177,101.00  112.27 

$4,018,761,367.00 

Average  ten  years   $  401,876,137.00 


MUes.  Year.  MUes, 

5,200    1906   13,014 

6,908    1907   11,912 

7984 

8'505  Total   66^ 

6,908   

7,500         Average    8,366 


woo       NAmmuL  Luicm  Makotactvibs'  AsiociAnoN 


The  values  of  all  commodities  simply  idlow  the  general  trend  of 
iN^iitts  comHlioiis  and  the  diart  jim  reiemd  to  merclx  danooitrates 
tiiis  fact 

COMPARATIVE  INCREASE  IN  PRICE  OF  YELLOW  PINE  AND  OraSt 

COMMODITIES 

The  increase  in  price  of  yellow  pine  lumber  has  not  been  propor- 
tkxiAte  with  the  increase  in  price  of  most  other  staple  products  neces- 
sary to  life  and  existence,  and  in  substantiation  of  this  we  refer  to 
Chart  4B,  showii^  the  relative  price  of  yellow  pine,  of  farm  products, 
J9  standard  oomoKKfitiei  and  1^  hogs,  for  Htut  period  from  1890  to 
1910^  indi^,  0ie  basis  price  «sed  behig  the  average  from  1890  to 
1899,  inclusive. 

In  further  comparison  of  prices,  we  beg  to  refer  to  Chart  4C, 
showing  that  th^  fluctuations  in  yellow  pine  have  been  decidedly  more 
erratic  than  that  of  the  other  commodities  charted,  but  at  no  period 
has  At  general  trend  of  increase  of  ydlow  pine  values  been  in  keeping 


OOMPABISON  or  BILAflfl  IMUOM  OV  VABMNW  OOMlUJIIHHia*  iaiO-1910. 

Farm  $9  Com-  Light  Stumpage 

prodmeii.  memet.  hog§.  7.P. 

1890                                             110.0  105.S  88.8  1204 

Igat*  **                                           121.5  110.9  98.2  120.4 

II92                                               111.7  102.7  114.6  120.4 

1893                                              107.9  109.7  148.7  72.2 

i894*  '  '                                           »5.9  98.9  111.6 

loos                                               93.8  98.5  96.2  72.2 

1896 !  :                        78.3  87.5  80.5  72.2 

1897*"*                                           85.2  88.3  84.2  72.2 

1898 .!                                 96.1  96.4  85.0  132i5 

1899  *  **                                           100.0  102.9  92.1  144.5 

IMO                                               109US  119.4  115.7  363.8 

1901                       116.9  123.8  133.9  481.9 

1902*"                                           130.5  137.5  152.4  602.4 

1903:::..:                  118.8  184.2  m.o  662.e 

1904                                                126.2  129.8  116.5  722.9 

1905!:::;:::                124.2  137.7  120.4  1204.8 

1906                                              123.6  151.0  143.1  1204.8 

I907*                                           137.1  182.7  140.6  1825.8 

JSi"                                               133.1  152.5  127.5  1445.7 

1909*                                               153.1  162.1  166.5  1566.2 

1910                                              164.6  181.1  203.8  1626.5 

i9ii:::::::    


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry 


lOI 


CHAJtT  MO  4B. 

Schedule  showing  relative  prices  of  certain  commodities  from  1890  to  1910. 
1  Yellow  Dine.    2.  All  farm  products.    8.  29  standard  commodities.    4.  Hogs,  light 
itai^i  pSe^  iot  1890  1b»  1899  tHMn. 


CHART  NO.  4C. 

Schedule  showing  comparative  flactaatlon  In  prloes  at  cer^a  commodities  :  1. 
Yellow  pine.  2.  All  farm  prodaeta.  8.  29  itaMaid  rummndMrn,  4.  Eogt,  uvtt. 
Base  iin^  low  price  of  1896. 


102       National  Lumber  lifANUFACniiBBs'  AaaocunoK 

with  other  commodities,  all  of  which  are  shown  to  have  itHTPtffii  m 
greater  proportioiL 

OOlfPAlATlVS  POTCHASING  POWER  OF  YELLOW  PINE  BY  OTHER  COM- 
MODITIES— 1896,  1908  AND  I9IO 

The  increase  in  the  price  of  yellow  pine  lumber  since  1896  has  not 
kept  pace  with  the  increase  in  the  price  of  agricultural  products,  as 
is  evidenced  by  the  statement  which  will  shortly  be  presented,  giving 
the  number  of  units  of  these  different  agricultural  products  required  to 
purchase  1,000  feet  of  yellow  pine  Itmiber  In  1896,  1908  and  1910^ 
Aese  figures  having  been  compUcd  from  Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers' 
Assodatioa  Market  Reports  and  Government  Agricultural  Reports. 
While  this  statement  indicates  that  the  price  of  yellow  pine  has  fol- 
lowed the  general  trend  of  prices  on  other  standard  commodities,  it 
will  also  show  that  with  one  exception  (cattle,  steers,  chcMce  to  extra) 
the  increase  in  the  value  of  farm  products  has  been  £ar  greater  in  pro- 
portion than  the  increase  in  the  vahte  of  yeUow  pint  luniber. 

NUMBEl  OF  UNITS  OF  COMMODrriES  tBOUIlED  TQ  FURCHASB  I/X)0  FBBT 

OF  YELLOW  PINE  LUMBEft 


n  1           u  1  N                                       ^^^^  '908  1910 

^^'•^^y  (b"shdO   46.6  33.9  31^ 

Corn  (bushels)    53-8  36.3  »I 

Cattle,  steers,  choice  to  extra  (pounds)  302.0  306.0  293.0 

Hay,  timothy  (tons)                                       1.34  2.01  2.21 

Hogs,  light  (pounds)  390.0  441.0  252.0 

2?^^  (^"shels)   77.2  48.3  58.3 

Flax  (bushels)                                             17.1  20.7  lo.o 

Rye,  No  2  (bushels)  39.4  33.2  38.2 

Wheat  (bushels)   21.7  27.3  20.7 

fitter,  Elgin  (pounds)                                 77.2  91.8  75.9 

Potatoes,  white  (bushels)   69.5  35.0  52.9 


VARIATION  IN  PEICES  OF  DIFFERENT  COMPANIES 

There  is  pending  at  the  present  time  a  suit  brought  by  the  State 
of  Missouri  against  some  37  defendant  lumber  companies,  indudii^ 
retailers  and  wholesalers,  as  well  as  manufacturing  companies,  to  oust 
them  from  doing  business  in  that  state  on  account  of  an  alleged  com- 
bination to  coatnA  prices  and  restrict  output 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry 


103 


Referring  to  the  state's  chaiges  that  these  companies  combined  to 
control  prices,  we  submitted  as  evidence  of  the  fact  that  the  various 
yellow  pine  manufacturing  companies  were  influenced  only  by  the 

conditions  peculiar  to  their  own  particular  cases  in  naming  prices  on 
their  product,  a  compilation  of  invoices  covering  shipments  made  and 
of  orders  received,  on  the  15th  day  of  January,  April,  July  and  October, 
of  the  years  1904  to  1908,  inclusive,  of  ten  difTerent  companies,  which 
compilation  showed  that  out  of  2,298  cases  of  duplicate  shipments  on 
the  same  items  on  same  days,  2,134  showed  a  variation  in  price  from  2$ 
cents  to  $7.50  per  thousand,  and  95  showed  no  variaticm;  in  otfier 
words,  95.87  per  cent  showed  variation  and  4.13  per  cent  showed  no 
variation. 

Of  the  orders,  out  of  1,095  cases  of  duplicate  sales  of  the  same 
items  on  the  same  days,  909  showed  a  variation  and  66  showed  no  varia- 
tion; In  otfier  wordi,  94  per  cent  showed  variation  and  6  per  cent 
i^wed  no  variation.   See  tables  on  this  and  fdlowii^  two  ps^. 

Further  analysis  of  the  orders  and  shipments  which  are  tabulated 
and  referred  to  above  shows  that  out  of  4,531  items  under  orders  and 


XNYGICES  .   ORDERa 


Vmm- 

Number 

JTntKber  0/ 

Two  or 

terof 

of  sales 

Two  or 

more  sales 

varia- 

no  varia- 

more sales 

tales  no 

Tear. 

tame  day. 

tions. 

tame  day. 

vartaffOM. 

variationt. 

79 

71 

6 

0 

18 

20 

1904  ...... 

99 

86 

8 

0 

T 

7 

1904  

124 

113 

7 

1 

U 

22 

103 

93 

4 

2  8 

28  59 

25 

1905  

122 

114 

6 

7 

78 

89 

1905  

180 

124 

6 

8 

88 

88 

07 

85 

9 

3 

49 

56 

1905.  

90 

75 

11 

11  24 

75  229 

92 

1906  

129 

124 

3 

1 

38 

56 

1906  

188 

126 

8 

8 

54 

60 

1906  

65 

60 

0 

9 

42 

67 

62 

60 

1 

8  15 

48  182 

53 

1907  

117 

111 

2 

8 

45 

56 

1907  

145 

138 

6 

8 

66 

M 

1907  

133 

126 

4 

4 

68 

74 

1907  

123 

119 

2 

4  14 

62  241 

66 

1908 ...... 

120 

113 

5 

5 

101 

116 

1908. . . « • • 

159 

150 

9 

0 

8 

9 

1908. . .  •  •  • 

148 

132 

8 

6 

27 

27 

120 

114 

2 

6  10 

62  198 

73 

2298 

2134 

95 

66 

909 

1095 

Vet  cent  biMd  oa  Ooiwi  No.  1,  Per  cent  htmA  <m  Oohoni  Ntt.  1, 
44840.  6.0274. 


104       National  Luicm  Mahufactuiibs'  Absociatiok 

invoices,  473  were  above  the  ♦current  list,  of  104  per  cent  of  the  total ; 
307  were  on  the  current  list,  <Mr  g.i  |)er  cent  of  the  total;  and  3,688 
were  htkm  the  cnrrent  litt,  or  81.39  per  cent  Of  the  2,S4S^  items 
onder  orders,  297  were  above  the  current  list,  or  11^  per  cent;  309 

were  on  the  current  list,  or  12.15  P^^*  cent;  and  1,936  were  below  the 
current  list,  or  76.16  per  cent.  The  items  shown  as  being  above  the  list 
reflected  a  variation  of  from  50  cents  to  $4.85  above  the  list,  and  those 
shown  below  the  list  reflected  a  vanatiofi  of  31.9  cents  to  $ajoo  below 
tiheUst 

*The  expression  ^'orice  lisf  is  not  to  be  understood  as  a  list  of  prices  at 
wkiA  tiM  WMBf  MiBdfM  dUfcrwit  Hwm  of  ytXhw  pine  were  actually  being  sold 
or  to  be  sold  by  all  or  any  number  of  auumfaetiireni  nor  even  bj  a  lingla 
flianufacturer.  The  same  publication  -was  interchangeably  referred  to  also  as  a 
"market  report"  and  a  "price  current."  "Market  report"  is  perhaps  the 
most  accurate.  AU  meant  the  same  publication.  The  compiler  plaeed  a  "price" 
in  doQtrs  aad  eents  opposite  oMk  and  ererr  item  of  ydknr  piM.  TUs  ''prieo" 
simply  represented,  in  concise  and  intelligible  form,  erne  man's  information  and 
judgment  as  to  the  general  range  of  yellow  pine  market  values  in  the  entire 
territory,  without  different  rating  as  to  localities  in  which  yellow  pine  was  sold. 

la  adaitioa  to  Hs  irahie  m  a  liiortioa  of  tiie  troad  of  vahiea,  the  "list"  by 
whatOTer  name  called  was  and  is  a  eeatenient  and  universally  used  basis  for 
making  actual  quotations  between  buyer  and  seller.  The  method  is  common  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  Set  out  at  length  in  the  publication  are  all  the  terms  as  to 
grades  freight  rates  and  conditions  of  delivery,  so  that  an  offer  to  sell  at  so  much 

oit"  and  a  mere  acceptance  thereof  flmkeo  a-eoa^lote  ooateaet  ooatalalag 
every  essential  of  oiitaiaty  aai  liBifaif  a»  rooM  fir  aawrtaiaty  as  to  tnw  or 
conditions. 


AhO90 

Januaiy   1904  S 

April   1904  T 

July   1904  1 

OotobOf   1904  9 

Jaaaarj  1905  16 

April  1905  26 

July   1905  12 

October  1905  06 

Januaiy   1906  23 

April  1906  96 

July   1906  21 

October   1906  69 

Januaij  1907  28 

April  1907  18 

July   1907  21 

October   1907  22 

Jaanary  190t  H 

AprU  1908  8 

Ja^   1908  6 

Tettk    478 

Per  cent   10.439 


On 
lAit. 
6 

8 

2 
1 

291 
47 
60 


9 
40 

8 
21 
86 
16 
13 

4 
It 

1 

0 


INVOICES 

Btiow 
Lift 

217 
228 
232 


198 
175 
130 

84 
250 
136 
149 

84 
178 
252 
216 
223 

im 

281 
266 


870  8688* 
8.166  81.895 


Total 

Average 

ItfHM. 

230 

$  .813 

238 

1.480 

235 
288 

.600 

8a 

1.250 

248 

1.212 

202 

1.625 

202 

1.355 

282 

1.000 

271 

.786 

178 

.583 

174 

.826 

886 

.807 

286 

1.222 

250 

jm 

249 

814 

um 

290 

1.094 

271 

4.850 

4531 

$1,004 

Tmm  QmsnoM  amd  LuMBSft  Ivmomx 


los 


Considering  that  this  is,  as  above  stated,  sworn  evidence,  sup- 
ported by  i&¥oioei  and  orders,  it  should  be  the  most  coavindng  proof 
ol  a  kdE  of  any  ooooerted  actkm  on  tiie  part  of  tiiese  companies  to 
>1  prices. 


PnCBlfTAGB  IBLATION  OF  P80DUCV10K  OP  OefBMnAHTS  IN  If  IS80UKI 
"ouster  suit"  to  ASSOCIATION  AND  UNITED  STATES  PIODUCnON 

In  connection  with  the  charge  that  these  companies  combined  in 
1904  to  restrict  the  output,  I  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  the  follow- 
ing statement,  diowing  the  total  producticm  of  the  companies  that  are 
defendants  in  this  suit  from  1903  to  1905,  indome,  showing  the  per- 
centage relation  of  their  production  to  the  production  of  the  Ydlow 
Pine  Manufacturers*  Association  and  also  to  the  total  yellow  pine  pro- 
duction in  the  United  States  for  the  same  period : 


Production 

Y0gr.  17  companies. 

1908   599,486,194 

1904   662,233,877 

1905   714,713,175 

1906   783,835,186 

1907   779,803,997 

1908   679,738,249 

1909   778^418,II97 


Productum 

Yellow  Pine 

Association. 

3,101,123,779 

3,289,613,266 

3,229,079,845 

3,646,687,333 

3,818,520,730 

3,408,547,278 

6/Ml,674^0 


Production 

yellow  pine 

United  States. 

11,000,000,000 

11,638,070,000 

11,600,000,000 

11,661,077,000 

13,216,185,000 

11,236,372,000 

16,277486,000 


Per  Per 
Cent.  Ceni. 

17C09,  xrcofc 


to 

Assn, 
19.33 
19.83 
22.13 
21.49 
20.42 
19M 
16.44 


to 

U.S. 
5.46 
6.66 
6.16 
6.72 
5.90 
t.06 
4.^ 


Total  4,988^,222,776     25/»35446,830     86,523,889,000     19JS34  5.766 


April  .. 
July  ... 
Oetobcr 
Jannaij 
April  . . 
July  ... 
Oetobor 


April 
July  ... 
OetotMT 
Januaiy 
April  . . 

Oetobar 

Januaij 
April  . . 
July  ... 


Totals 


Above 

On 

Beiow 

TeM 

Average 

lift. 

IMt. 

Iteme. 

Above  list. 

1904 

2 

0 

78 

80 

$  .625 

1904 

6 

0 

40 

46 

2.000 

1904 

0 

8 

69 

61 

1904 

9 

0 

100 

109 

1.194 

1905 

12 

30 

135 

177 

.708 

1905 

33 

35 

70 

138 

.712 

1906 

U 

88 

87 

181 

1.046 

1905 

81 

e9 

96 

186 

.750 

1906 

4 

44 

102 

150 

.438 

1906 

44 

32 

60 

136 

.773 

1906 

11 

8 

129 

148 

.818 

1906 

45 

19 

67 

181 

.533 

1907 

29 

8 

96 

183 

.319 

1907 

21 

22 

188 

181 

.714 

1907 

< 

8 

188 

194 

.666 

.1907 

8 

0 

188 

ITS 

1.860 

1908 

84 

18 

18i 

808 

.471 

.1908 

4 

1 

64 

69 

1088 

.1908 

e 

0 

U7 

UT 

aor 

809 

lilt 

mit 

$  Ml 

UMi  11.168 


106        Natkinal  LuMBBt  Manufactubibs'  ASiOCIATlOir 


In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  a  price  agreement  is  something  that 
would  not  be  practical  in  the  distribution  of  hunber,  for  the  reason 
that  the  mariceting  of  himber  products  is  distinctfy  a  merchandising 

proposition,  and  prices  have  to  be  elastic  in  order  to  dispose  of  surplus 
stocks  so  that  the  various  items  can  be  disposed  of  rather  than  held  on 
hand  and  allowed  to  rot  in  the  pile. 

By  reason  of  the  manner  in  which  nature  grows  timber,  it  is  not  a 
uniform  crop,  any  more  than  is  any  other  crop— that  is,  from  certain 
acres  In  a  secticHi  where  a  mill  may  be  operating  there  will  be  a  heavier 
pfoduction  of  large  logs,  with  a  consequent  accumulation  of  a  greater 
amount  of  high-grade  Itnnber,  which  will  naturally  cause  a  surplus  of 
this  character  of  lumber  over  and  above  a  normal  stock.  On  the  other 
hand,  there  will  be  some  acres  containing  smaller  trees,  from  which 
there  will  be  a  greater  yield  of  the  lower  grade  stock,  and  a  consequent 
accumulation  of  that  character  of  material. 

Thmfore,  if  there  were  a  price  agreement,  some  mills  would  find 
it  in|>08sible  to  dispose  of  tiiese  accumulations  widioal  a  loss  Aat 
would  more  than  offset  any  possible  gain  from  sudi  an  agreement 

Great  stress  was  laid  by  the  Attorney  General  of  the  State  of 
Missouri,  in  taking  testimony  in  the  ouster  proceedings,  on  the  fact  that 
the  prices  from  which  large  concessions  were  made  were  probably 
caused  by  the  fact  that  somebody  was  long  on  these  particular  items. 
We  called  his  attention  to  the  fact,  while  <m  the  stand,  that  that  was 
IMmhiibl^  true,  but  when  we  considered  that  in  tiie  ydkw  pine  industry 
there  were  17,359  saw  mffls,  all  of  whidi  were  always  long  on  some 
one  item,  and  as  there  were  only  600  or  700  items  on  the  price  lists, 
anybody  trying  to  dispose  of  normal  stocks  would  be  confronted  by  the 
competition  of  those  who  were  long  on  those  items  and  consequently 
the  long  items  fixed  the  market  value  of  the  total  product 

EFFECTS  OF  STOCKS  ON  HAND  ON  MAMOET  PUCES 

There  were  in  1910,  according  to  government  reports,  48,112  saw 
mills  in  the  United  States,  and  they  produced  in  that  year  48,959,000,- 
000  feet  of  lumber,  35  per  cent  of  which,  it  is  estimated,  was  carried  in 
stock  on  the  yards  of  the  manufacturer,  which  amounted  to  17,135,- 
650^000  feet  There  were  in  this  same  year,  according  to  United  States 
Po6lofficc  R^KMts,  59,281  posloffices  in  the  United  States,  and  it  is 
estimated  that  there  were  at  least  40,000  retail  litmber  yards  in  die 
country,  and  that  they  carried  stocks  on  hand  amounting  to  not  less 


Tkosr  Question  and  Lomber  Imxrsanr  107 


than  an  average  of  joo/xx)  feet  each,  or  a  total  of  la/xxvxxvooo  feet, 
making  a  total  of  stoda  on  hand  in  yards  of  die  mamtfMtnrers  and 
retailers  of  29,135,650,000  feet,  being  equal  to  59  per  cent  of  die  totiyi 

annual  production  of  all  mills.  These  stocks  have  the  effect  of  holding 
down  the  values  of  lumber,  for  the  reason  that  at  times  the  retailer  will 
make  his  sales  from  his  stocks  without  replenishing  same,  and  if  during 
such  a  period  the  manufacturers'  stocks  are  normal,  the  manufacturer  is 
accumulating  stodc,  and  consequendy,  from  lack  of  storage  capacity 
and  lack  of  funds  to  carry  additk>nal  stocks,  is  conqidled  to  make 
such  prices  as  ndll  move  his  stodc.  Consequendy  diese  slodcs  on  hsmd 
in  the  yards  of  the  manufacturer  and  of  the  retailer  act  as  an  additional 
governor  and  regulate  the  market  value  of  lumber. 

RANGE  OF  values 

As  to  prices,  referring  again  to  government  reports,  for  the  year 
1909,  we  find  that  the  average  value  of  yellow  pine,  f.  o.  b.  mills,  was 
as  follows: 

In  1899,  $8.46;  in  1904,  $9.96;  in  1906,  $I5X»;  in  1907,  $1402; 
in  1906,  $12.66;  in  1909, 12J69. 

And  we  &id  dH^  die  range  of  ddivered  {Miccs  during  die  period 
from  1897  to  1911  on  several  of  the  principal  items  of  lumlier  showed 

great  fluctuation  during  that  period,  as  shown  by  Charts  5A,  5B  and 
5C,  on  pages  107  and  108,  to  which  we  beg  to  refer  here. 

It  will  be  further  shown,  by  reference  to  Chart  6,  that  the  cost  of 
productkm  of  aae  mill,  with  exceptionally  good  manufacturing  condi- 


CHARTS  NOS.  5A,  5B  AND  5C, 
ilioviac  fluctofttiott  in  pries  on  14  items  of  j«Uoir  niM  most  ciimmpBlir  in  use  from 
■wto  fLM  ia  fidM. 


io8       Nauonal  Lumni  Mahotactuhbs'  Association 

I 

I  tkrns,  showed  an  increts^  In  total  manufacttsring  cost  of  88  per  cent 

between  1897  and  1911,  while  the  average  price  at  the  mill  of  the 
^1  hmiber  that  plant  mannkctiired  increased  only  78  per  cent  for  the  same 

period. 

The  percentage  of  increase  in  the  various  items  entering  into  the 
cost  of  manufacturing  lumber  was  as  follows :  Timber,  2,500  per  cent ; 


Teust  QumiON  and  Lumboi  Industry 


109 


X  lo       National  Lumbir  Mah  uFACrtJunts'  AsaooATKm 


carrying  charges,  5  per  cent  <m  timber,  2,500  per  cent;  tixet,  <W6  per 
cent;  hay*  166  2-3  per  cent;  com  €hopB,  112  per  cent;  mutes,  906-10 
per  cent ;  steel  rails,  71  per  cent ;  ]atx>r,  46  per  cent 

Tlie  mcrease  in  quantity  of  low  grade  lumber  manufactured,  be- 
cause of  cutting  small  timber,  was  475  per  cent.  It  increased  from  4 
per  cent  of  the  whole  production  in  1897  to  23  per  cent  in  191 1. 

In  Chart  7  we  showed,  comparativdy,  the  cost  of  production  of  tbe 
same  southern  mill  for  1901, 1908  and  191 1,  and  estimated  the  cost  for 
1912,  based  on  present  value  of  stumpage,  and  diowed  the  percentage 
of  increase  in  cost  in  three  principal  items— stumpage,  labor  and  ex- 
pense.  Expense  includes  such  items  as  materials,  supplies,  taxes,  insur- 
ance, etc.,  but  not  including  general  expense,  sales  expense  or  interest 


PtrcifUage  

1901    1008  1012 

Stumpage   16.9    26.5    343  41^ 

l;^^  44.0    45.0  39^ 

^s^poiat  22J6    2y.s    aay  18.5 


ioox>  loojo  100.0  ioox> 
Total  $11.53  lM6$ia68 


The  next  three  columns  show  the  percentage  of  grades  of  lum- 
ber manufactured.  £q>ecial  attention  is  called  to  the  large  increases 
in  low  grade  lumber  made,  for  the  reason  that  the  close  cutting  of 
timber  and  the  manufacture  of  small  trees  and  top  logs  into  lumber 
reduces  the  merchantable  lumber  product 

— Percentage — 

No.  2  and  No.  3   16      36  33 

Merchantable  grades  84  64 

In  order  that  the  effect  of  increasing  production  of  low  grades 
may  be  understood,  we  give  the  following  example:  For  mstance, 
hy  reference  to  this  chart,  it  will  be  seen  that  in  comparison  of  1901 
and  1911,  the  following  percentages  of  grades  were  produced: 

— Pereeniage — 

r^...'  I9OII9II 


Clear  '  ^  '  j 

 10  12 

^^^l  69  54 

S^-  2  12  a8 

No.  3  4  5 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry 


III 


CHART  NO.  7 

  comparatiTely  tbe  coat  of  production  of  the  same  Southern  Mill  for  1901,  1908. 

•ad  1011,  And  eitiouited  cost  for  1912,  based  on  the  present  value  of  stumpage  and 
showing  the  per  cent,  of  increase  in  cost  in  three  principal  items,  being  stumpaxe, 
labor  and  expense,  such  as  material,  supplies,  taxes,  insurance,  etc.,  not  tnclndiiig 

feneral  expense,  sales  expense  or  interest :  First :  Stumpage,  1901,  16.9 ;  1908,  28.5 ; 
911.  84.3;  1912,  41.8.  Labor,  1901,  60.3;  1908,  44.0;  1911,  45.0;  1912.  39.8.  Ex- 
pense. 1901,  22.8  1908,  27.5;  1911,  20.7;  1912,  18  4  Total,  1901  $7.10 ;  19^^^^^ 
1911,19.46;  1912,  $10.^8.  Second :  Nos.  2  and  3.  16%  :  1908.  36%  ;  1911,  33%.  Mer- 
chantable grades  1901,  84%;  1908,  64%;  1911,  67%.  ^rd :  Realization,  ^^^^^^ 
$9.95;  1908,  |13.74;  1911.  $12.91.  Cost,  1901,  $7.10;  1908,  $11.53;  1911,  $9.46. 
Gross,  1901,  $2.86;  1908,  $2.21;  1911,  $3.45,  showing  that  the  per  cent  of  operating 
expense  to  gross  realization  has  increased  and  th«  pnreailac*  ok  gMW  Mnuniipi  w 
rMOlMttoii  baa  dccteaaed  during  said  period. 


CHART  6M0Wir«» 


THRce  pmr«cimt.rraMt  for  vcAmisoi, 

tSOt,  I9U  AND  ESriMATCO  006T  m  lOQ, 
STUMPAOe 


1901   1908  1911 


i 


3 


I 


I 


lit 


a 


zj 
51 


5sl 


* 

8 


ft] 
S 


1 

•I 


3» 


itM       Nauonal  Lumn  Manotacturbbs'  Association 


Now,  if,  for  eaumple,  Oese  gtades  ralized  the  same  average  mill 
pncc  each  year,  as  follows:  Gear,  $25;  star,  $20;  No.  i,  $15;  No. 
J,  $10;  No.  3,  $7;  and  we  take  100,000  feet  in  each  instance  and 
extend  into  total  realization,  we  find  that  the  percentage  of  grades 
produced  in  1901  would  have  produced  an  average  price  in  1901  of 
$15.08,  while  in  191 1  the  price  would  be  $13.90^  or  a  lower  tiasis  of 
$1.18  per  thoosand,  which  might  be  considefed  as  an  indirect  increase 
m  cost  By  conservation  methods  of  closer  cutting  of  timber  and 
savmg  methods  of  mannfoctnre,  a  mill  of  30  million  feet  capacity 
would  show  a  smaller  return  for  191 1  by  $35400. 

compasative  costs  and  realxeation 

The  third  set  of  figures  shows  the  average  prices  secured  for 
lumber  and  their  relation  to  manufacturing  cost,  and  the  groes  profits, 
not  including  interest,  sales  or  general  eiqiense,  indicating  that  tiie 

^  opCT^tmg  expense  to  gross  reaUiation  has  increased  and 
the  percentagie  of  gross  earnings  to  realization  has  decreased  during 
this  period,  whidi  shows  the  following  operating  percentages: 

'---Ferceniagt^ 

y^or  Cost 

1901  60 

1908  81 

19"  64 

From  the  above  mentioned  statement,  the  rdation  between  the 
cort  ci  manufacture  and  tiie  realisation  on  lumber  is  very  clearly  shown, 
as  it  win  be  noted  Oat  the  fluctnatioos  in  both  are  very  much  in  the 
same  ratio. 

RETURN  ON  INVESTMENT 

^^R^um  on  investment  for  1897,  1901,  1908,  1911,  and  showing 
hmstmeni  and  return,  based  on  average  sized  mill  of  30  million  feet 
capad^,  with  ten-year  life,  or  300  million  feet: 

i%^-MOjOoo,opo  stumpage  @  |aao  $  60,000.00 

^^^P^*   150,000.00 

Total  investment  $310^00000 

Realization,  18^7— $7.75 
Cost  ••••••  *  —  5,50 

Gross   "  — $2.25 

30,000,000  output  @        per  dxnisand.  •  • :  $  67.«oaoo 

Percentage  return  ^ 


Trust  Qttestion  and  Lumber  Industry  113 

1901—300^,000  stumpage  @  $1.33  $399,000.00 

Cost  of  same  plant  250,ooaoo 

Total  investment   $649,000.00 

Realization,  1901— $995 
Cost   "  —  7-IO 

Gross   "  —$2.85 

30,000,000  output  @  $2.85  per  thousand  $  85,500.00 

Percentage  return   i3-2 

1908 — 300,000,000  stumpage  @  $4.00  $1,200,000.00 

Cost  of  same  plant   300,000.00 

Total  investment  $1,500,000.00 

Realization,  1908— $13.74 
Cost   *'  —  11.53 

Gross   "  — $  2.21 

30,000,000  output  @  $2.21  per  thousand  $  66,300.00 

^Percentage  return   44 

1911 — 300,000,000  stumpage  @  $5.66  $i,698,oooxx> 

Cost  of  same  plant   350,000.00 

Total  mvestment  $2,0*8,000.00 

Realization,  191 1— $12.91 
Cbst   "  —  9-46 


Gross  . . .  •  "  34S 
0,000000  output  @  $34« 

Percentage  return   5 


30,000000  output  @  $345  per  thousand  $  103,500.00 

P< 


total  earnings  and  earnings  per  1,000  FT.,  BOARD  MEASURE,  TO 

RETURN  10  PER  CENT 

Any  fair-minded  business  man  will  concede  10  per  cent  gross  on 

the  investment  in  any  manufacturing  property,  based  on  present  values 
or  future  present  values.  The  following  figures  show  the  earnings 
necessary  to  produce  this  result,  in  total  and  per  thousand,  same  invest- 
ment, same  years: 

i8g^  1901  ipo8  TpTT 

Total  investment. $2 10,000.00  $649,000.00  $1,500,000.00  $2,048,000.00 

Gross    21,000.00     64,900.00      150,000.00  204,800.00 

Average  profit  . .  .70  ^-^^  5-oo  ^-^^ 


114        Natonal  Lumbbr  Manufacturers'  Association 


We  herewith  present  Chart  8,  to  give  an  ocular  demonstration 
of  the  earnings  necessary  to  return  the  same  percentage  of  profit 
on  the  actual  amount  of  investment  for  the  years  1897,  looi  1008 
and  1911.  ^ 

From  these  examples  and  statements,  it  will  be  seen  tiiat  at  no 
time  has  the  manufacturer  of  lumber  received  a  fair  return  on  his 
investment,  and  his  investment  should  represent  what  it  would  presently 
cost  to  replace  his  phmt  and  timber,  that  being  the  only  fair  way  it  can 
be  figured  for  a  manufacturer  who  intends  to  remain  in  the  industry. 


SU3CMARY 


So,  by  the  foregoing,  we  see  that  the  present  conditions  expressed 
in  sales  values  to  the  public  are  due  to  two  great  causes,  viz ; 
1st — Supply  of  and  demand  for  lumber. 


CBABT  NO  & 


19  If 


OHM 


n 


/J 


*f43€ 


Km 


9^jI      tr/f  i^f  a  rii  >fMA 


^  ^  7      «V  ^ 


041 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Indu^stry 


"5 


dnd — ^Increase  in  cost,  as  follows: — 

(a)  Increase  in  timber  costs  by  reason  of  depleting  forests; 

(b)  Increase  by  reason  of  labor  and  supplies  entering  into 

the  costs; 

(c)  Increase  of  interest  carrying  charges  and  taxes  on 
investment ; 

(d)  By  reason  of  closer  cutting  and  increased  production 
of  lower  grade  lumber,  and  not  due  to  trust  !iceth(X)s. 

CONCLUSION. 

Before  concluding  these  remarks,  I  desire  to  dwell  upon  a  few 
of  the  conditions  affecting  the  various  industries. 

The  rapid  growth  of  the  population  of  this  country,  through  immi- 
gration and  otherwise,  is  continually  plui^;ing  us  into  alternate  periods 
of  aggressive  activity  and  reaction.  In  the  past,  after  a  period 
stagnatioa,  where  the  industry  of  the  country  has  been  awaiting  the 
march  of  progress  to  catch  up  with  the  development,  we  have,  all 
too  late,  awakened  to  find  that  we  have  not  been  alive  to  the  rapid 
growth,  and  the  demand  for  our  commodities  at  such  a  time  has  gen- 
erally exceeded  our  ability  to  supply  same;  consequently,  we  have 
proceeded  on  a  rush  program  to  increase  our  capacities  to  augment 
the  supply  in  the  same  ratio  as  the  demand  has  been  increasing,  but 
the  consuming  public  have  generally  awakened  before  the  manu&ictnrer 
to  the  difficulty  of  securing  their  requirements,  and  have  bought  during 
such  times  in  excess  of  their  needs,  thereby  greatly  stimulating  the 
demand  and  making  it  during  such  periods  speculative.  We  have  been 
slow  to  recognize  this  phase  of  the  situation,  and  have  been  prompted 
to  further  large  increases  in  our  developments  to  take  care  of  the 
demand  indicated  by  such  purchases,  resulting  in  an  over-production. 
When  iiht  denuuMl  has  z^gam  become  normal,  diis  over-productkm  has 
resulted  in  wasteful  competition,  leaving  nothing  for  the  manufacturer 
to  do  but  to  sit  still  and  again  await  further  increase  in  the  growth 
of  the  country  to  absorb  the  increased  capacity  of  the  additional  develop- 
ment. These  periods  have  come  up  in  regular  cycles,  resulting  in 
depression  and  prosperity,  each  following  the  other  as  a  natural 
sequence. 

Following  each  period  of  reaction  with  its  consequent  over-pro- 
duction and  under-consumption,  we  are  confronted  wi^  two  horns  to 

the  dilemma: 


1 16       National  Lumbbr  MAmiFAcnnuKs'  Association 


1st— The  necessity  of  consolidation  of  industrial  interests  in 
large  enough  aggregations  to  bring  about  necessary  cur- 
tailment  of  production,  legislate  values,  and  stop  the  waste 
of  capital,  raw  material,  and  natural  resources,  or  enter  into 
trade  agreements  for  the  same  purpose. 

2nd— To  allow  this  wasteful  cmnpetitioi)  to  result  m  the  survival 
of  the  fittest. 

The  first  situation,  by  reascm  of  statutory  laws,  both  Federal  and 
State,  woiM  be  illegal  and  could  only  be  accomplished,  if  at  all,  with 
the  greatest  danger,  and  consequently  we  are  confronted  by  the  second 
proposition,  only. 

In  our  own  business  (the  lumber  industry),  we  have  seen  resultant 
waste  of  our  forests  by  this  condition,  and  I  mi^t  say  m  pasdng, 
that  the  same  situatkm  is  true  as  to  the  coal  measum,  and  we  believe 
that  this  applies  not  only  to  these  two  industries,  but  to  all  other  large 
kdustries  m  the  country,  consequently  the  business  interests,  generally, 
have  recognized  that  by  reason  of  these  laws  and  having  these  cycles 
of  activity  and  depression,  the  situation  is  unhealthy  and  a  menace, 
not  only  to  our  individual  properties  but  to  each  and  cvtiy  inhabitant 
of  the  country  at  large,  through  the  great  economic  loss  crealed  bv 
these  conditions.  IfllMP 

KIASONABLE  TSADB  AGRSEICENTS  SUBJECT  TO  REASONABLE  REGULATION 

ARE  NEEDED 

That  these  laws  will  eventually  have  to  be  repealed  or  mn^j^^ 
we  know,  but  the  great  question  is,  when?  Some  means  must  be  pro-' 
vided  so  that  business  may  go  ahead  and  we  cannot  wait  until  the 
people,  through  their  own  experience,  will  demand  a  change  in  these 
We,  as  business  men,  in  company  with  the  representatives  of 
«ter  industries  and  industrial  workers,  must  organize  and  coopeiate 
t<^ether  to  educate  the  people  and  their  representatives  in  Congress 
to  the  fact  that  in  order  to  relieve  our  addition  and  prevent  waste, 
we  must  be  permitted  to  enter  into  reasonable  trade  agreements  under 
pn^r  and  reasonable  r^;ulation.    Such  regulation  should  be  had 
from  a  non-partisan  civil  service  body  or  commission,  composed  of 
men  of  successful  business  experience,  and  not  of  professional  office- 
seekers;  and  until  such  changes  come  over  the  body  politic  we  must 
continue  as  we  are,  wasting  our  resources  and  creating  economk  waste, 


Trust  Question  and  Lumber  Industry  117 

hastening  the  time  when  higher  prices  must  result  by  reason  of  this 
waste.  But  if  we  organize  the  representative  commercial  and  industrial 
bodies  of  the  country  and  proceed  to  educate  the  public,  we  may  yet 
live  to  see  the  day  when  such  constructive  economic  principles  prevail 
in  the  direction  of  our  governmental  policies. 

I  would  therefore  urge  upon  this  body  that  steps  be  taken  by 
it  for  some  regular  organization  which  can  take  up  the  question  with 
other  similar  organizatbns,  to  the  end  that  we  may  have  proper  repre- 
sentation before  the  various  House  and  Senate  awnmittees  in  Wash- 
ington and  in  our  various  States,  and  prq[)erly  present  the  needs  of 
business  to  the  representatives  of  the  people.  [Applause.] 

Mr.  White:  Mr.  Chairman,  I  think  we  should  give  Mr.  Keith  a 
vote  of  thanks  for  that  admirable  paper.  I  want  to  make  a  motion  to 
that  effect,  and  also  that  a  copy  of  it  be  sent  to  every  Member  of  Con- 
gress and  every  Senator,  and  placed  in  every  library  in  the  United 
States,  if  provisicm  has  not  already  been  made  to  that  effect. 

I^UESiiffiNT  Griggs:  Provision  has  been  maik,  hut  I  think  the 
motion  might  be  put.  I  think  it  will  emirfiasize  the  fact  that  the  asso- 
ciation officers  are  wide  awake  to  the  situation.  Gentlemen,  you  have 
heard  the  motion,  the  Chair  will  call  for  a  rising  vote.  All  those  in 
favor  will  rise.  (After  unanimous  vote  in  the  affirmative.)  There  is  no 
need  to  call  for  the  negative  cm  that,  and  I  want  to  thank  Mr.  Keith 
on  hdialf  of  the  association,  particularly  for  the  time  and  labor  that 
he  has  bestowed  on  this  admirable  paper. 

The  next  number  on  the  program  is  the  report  of  tfie  Advertising 
Committee,  Mr.  A.  T.  Gerrans,  Houma,  La.,  Chairman. 


Report  of  Advertising  Committee 


BY  A.  T.  GEMSLANS,  OF  HOUMA,  LA. 

Your  Committee  desires  to  make  a  brief  report  of  its  work  dur- 

mg  the  past  year. 

Pursuant  to  the  wishes  of  the  Natkmal  association  delegates  of 
the  conventbn,  held  in  Chicago  last  May,  your  President,  Mr.  Griggs 
owned  Mr.  J.  E.  Rhodes,  Mr.  G.  E.  W.  Luehrmann  and  myself  as  the 
comnatlcc  on  advertising  and  we  were  instructed  to  examine  into  the 
proposition  and  be  prepared  to  make  recommendations  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment. 

After  due  efforts  had  been  made  to  collect  the  paid  for  arguments 
of  the  substitutes  for  wood,  whkh,  by  the  way,  was  not  a  hard  task, 
m  <M^r  that  we  might  see  ourselves  as  others  see  us,  and  also  after 
^leomsideration  of  the  problem  from  various  angles,  we  decided  to 
make  a  report,  which  by  reason  of  what  we  might  reasonably  call 
startling  exposures"  of  the  methods,  both  above  and  underground 
and  language  both  true  and  untrue,  polite  and  the  reverse,  became  of 
necessity  an  argument  or  brief  of  the  Committee's  viewpdnt 

THE  ATTACK  ON  LUMBER 

This  report  or  brief  was  issued  under  date  of  June  30,  although 
It  was  about  twenty  days  later  when  the  pamphlets  were  actually  mailed. 
Your  Committee,  in  the  interim  occupied  by  the  members  of  the  various 
associatwns  in  studyingour  report  and  recommendations,  cootinaed  tfieir 
research  woric  and  the  farther  we  dug  the  more  necessity  we  saw  for 
dialing.  We  discovered  that,  in  our  opinion,  there  was  practically  a 
well  defined  attack  upon  the  lumber  trade  in  general,  which  if  not  or- 

cement,  steel  and  roofing  interests,  then 
these  interests  were  peculiarly  unfortunate  in  that  the  footprints  in  the 
mud  all  led  direct  to  their  doorsteps,  and  if  circumstantial  evidence  was 
of  any  value  it  convicted  them  in  our  minds  of  deKberately  and  with 
niahce  aforethought  of  trying  to  build  up  their  business  by  pulling 

We  conceived  it  our  duty,  having  once  put  our  shoulders  to  the 
wheel,  to  get  out  the  second  pamphlet,  containing  ten  solid  pam  of 

118 


Rbpost  of  ADVsaTisiNG  Committee 


119 


"knocks  on  wood,"  in  which  we  also  placed  illustrations  representing 
what,  in  our  opinion,  were  the  causes  of  the  dedine  in  the  demand  for 
forest  products  and  also  in  what  relative  proportioas  one  to  another 
they  bore,  also  we  endeavored  to  show  what,  in  our  opinion,  weie  the 
remedies  to  be  applied. 

This  second  pamphlet  was  issued  to  the  members  on  or  about 
October  i.  About  this  time  some  of  the  associations  began  taking 
action  and  your  President  called  upon  your  Committee  to  be  prepared 
to  present  the  result  of  their  invest^tions  to  a  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Governors,  whidi  was  held  on  January  8,  1912,  at  the  LaSaUe  Hotel 
in  Chicago.  Our  statements  were  received  and  discussed  for  several 
hours,  and  a  resolution  accepting  the  recommendations  of  the  Com- 
mittee and  instructing  said  Committee  to  proceed  with  the  campaign  as 
soon  as  $100,000  had  been  actually  subscribed,  was  unanimously  passed. 
At  that  time  it  was  calculated  that  the  favorable  action  of  the  Hard- 
wood Manufacturers^  Associatkm  of  the  United  Sta^  md  the  Yel- 
low  Pine  Manufactorers'  Assodatkm  would  ohtam  the  minioiimi  <^ 
$100,000,  and  your  Connnittee  fdt  very  much  gratified  when  bodi  asso- 
ciations voted  in  favor  of  the  movement  and  agreed  to  furnish  their 
portion  of  the  necessary  fund. 

As  soon  as  the  President  received  the  news  of  the  favorable  ac- 
tion of  the  last  named  associations  he  notified  the  Committee  to  go 
ahead,  and  on  March  4  the  Committee  was  called  together  in  Chicaga 
There  were  present  Mr.  Rhodes,  Mr.  Ludirmann  and  mfs^-— Mr. 
Geo.  S.  Long,  of  Tacoma,  was  unable  to  be  with  us  and  so  was  Capt. 
J.  B.  White,  he  having  just  sailed  for  Europe.  At  this  meeting  we 
contracted  with  the  Crosby-Chicago  Advertising  Agency  to  do  what 
might  be  called  our  expert  work ;  having  gone  thus  far,  we  spent  sev- 
eral hours  discussing  the  rapidity  with  which  the  money  would  pour 
into  the  secretary's  office  in  St.  Louis.  We  finally  dedded  to  await 
ttit  report  from  die  Secretary  before  actually  spending  the  money,  and 
shortly  after  that  date  your  President  notified  us  that  the  manager's 
office  was  to  be  returned  to  Chicago  in  order  that  the  Manager  might 
be  able  to  take  up  the  advertising  work  together  with  his  other  duties. 
What  has  been  done  mce  that  time  will  be  explained  to  you  by  the 
Manager* 

CASH  IS  NEEDED  mHEZHATELY 

wmwwrsTrr^-ri"^'""  ■ 

The  Committee  wishes  to  thank  a  great  many  members  of  ^ 
affiliated  associations  for  the  kind,  often  strenuous,  and  nearly  always 


120       Nauohal  LuifBtt  MAmjtMwm^  Assocutioh 

victorious,  efforts  to  help  us  get  favonAle  action.  The  gospel  of  wood 
ZZ^  substitutes  has  found  just  as  sttonj  advocate  ^o^g^TAe 
members  as  are  on  this  Committee.  «  rae 

tivrfv^irS  **  P'^^^  individually  and  coUec- 

ftem  recenred  by  them  and  also  for  the  spontaneous  efforte  to  help 

^ Their  conttoued  ««d 
offices  W.11  be  appreciated  and  we  would  ask  everyone  mterested  iirte 

iid^i."TV° T*'  help^ause- 
sd^  a^lSLZ        e»«yone  of  those  present  today  constitute  him- 
tf^r^^  of  one  to  see  that  the  members  of  his  association  send 
tnfZZ  .      *^  *P^«  'n  the  papers,  rent,  print- 

ms,  etc  without  money,  and  to  be  absolutely  candid  with  you.  \^  are 
proud  of  your  moral  support,  proud  of  your  verbal  support,  but  vmr 

t  T^ZlT  the  mooey  «Kl  we  therefoJHskT^ 

m  all  «rnestness  to  "come  across  and  do  it  now."  [Applause.] 

i-DeTl  P*^'       '   R^fo'-ring  to  Mr.  Keith's 

SJSte  ILSJ™^  k'"^*  ^^"'"^  Congressmen 

hi  -5^if^  ^  °''=«"«=<^  to      that  it  might 

be  wen  to  have  those  pamphlets  sent  by  citizens  of  the  different 

To  Illustrate :  if  Mr.  White  should  send  copies  to  tlTiEiSTf 

^  they  would  pay  a  great  deal  more  attentiaa  to  it  than  if  the  copies 
m«  tSrST^  P^*^''"'""        ''ft  have  the  samegentte- 

^^^^^^^Py^  ftf"  Association  office,  and  then  if  that  were 
«VINaneniea  Dy  our  Association  members  writing  letters  to  thrir  B-«- 

tiK=  m,  wh.,  „  tor*rx^b'^^;zj  f"f 

is  nobody's  bittiiMM.  everybody's  business 


Report  of  AsvEsnsnrG- Committeb 


121 


President  Griggs:  I  will  be  glad  to  act  on  your  suggestion. 
Mr.  J.  W.  Blodgot,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. :  I  wiU  undertake  to 

take  care  of  the  Michigan  delegation.  ^  _ 

President  Griggs  :  Are  there  any  other  volunteers  who  will  agree 

to  take  care  of  others? 

Mr.  White  :  I  will  be  glad  to  do  that  in  my  territory.  I  know 
that  the  writing  of  personal  letters  will  secure  for  us  courteous  and 
personal  attcntwn,  or  a  personal  answer.  I  wrote  one  hundred  dif- 
ferent Congressmen  in  regard  to  the  appropriatron  being  cut  down  for 
the  Forestry  Service,  and  I  found  seventy-five  replies  awaiting  me 
when  I  got  home.  If  I  had  sent  them  something  without  any  letter,  or 
request,  they  would  not  have  paid  much  attention  to  it. 

President  Griggs:  I  will  make  it  a  point  to  see  the  members 
from  each  State.  I  might  state  that  the  Board  had  an  all-day  session 
yesterday  and  took  up  many  important  matters  in  the  Association  work. 
A  resolution  was  unanimously  passed  that  the  Presklcnt  and  Secre- 
tary of  each  affiliated  association  should  be  named  as  an  auxiliary  ad- 
vertising committee,  so  that  in  regard  to  this  effort  to  get  money  and 
lay  the  details  of  the  advertising  campaign  before  your  organizatwn 
you  arc  going  to  hear  from  your  President  and  Secretory,  who  are  on 
this  auxUiary  advertising  oxnmittee. 

Prssidbnt  QtlGGS :  I  have  diminated  calling  for  the  address  of 
A.  C.  Dixon,  as  he  is  unable  to  be  here,  he  is  in  Washington.  He  is 
our  representative  from  Oregon.  But  we  have  in  die  room  cme  of  the 
delegates  who  attended  the  convention  of  the  National  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  the  United  States  at  Washington,  D.  C,  Mr.  Horton 
Corwin,  jr.,  and  we  will  ask  him  to  give  us  a  few  words  in  connection 
with  that  report 

Report  on  National  Qmndier  of  Commerce 

BY  HORTON  CC«WIN,  JR.,  OF  EDENTON,  N.  C 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  I  was  appointed  a  delegate  by 
the  President  of  this  Association  to  attend  the  conference  held  in 
Washingbm,  called  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and  which 
was  addiessed  by  the  President,  and  afterwards  the  OHiduct  of  its 
proceedings  turned  over  to  Secretary  Knox.  It  is  an  endeavor  on  the 
part  of  the  government  to  secure  what  may  properly  be  termed  a  dear- 
ing  house  of  business  interests  for  the  exchange  of  informaticm. 


laa       NATKmAL  Luicbee  Manufacturers'  Association 


The  oi^anizatian  is  on  the  basis  of  one  delegate  for  each  twenty- 

"^P^^*  to  count  the  membership  of 
TZ  SSlli  *^***<>n«  not,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say;  but  there 
•re  twcnty-five  directors,  and  among  the  number  the  President  of  this 
AsscKnation,  Mr  A  C.  Dixon,  of  Eugene,  Ore.,  aad  Mr.  Joseph  N. 
Teal,  were  elected  Vice-Presidents. 

meeth^*  ^  delegates  at  that 

I  do  not  know  that  the  plan  would  make  it  necessary  for  you  to 
ta^  any  action  with  respect  to  that  organization  at  this  particular  time- 

mv  nof       'rT'"         I'  '"^^^  "comniciidatioils; 

my  not  bemg  Chairman  of  that  Committee,  but  it  seems  to  me  thatft 
might  be  well,  if  you  saw  fit,  to  pass  a  resolutioii  expressing  your 
sympathy  with  the  movement,  and  then  when  the  plans  are  formulated 

t7Jlu  ^L"*^'  ^  "^^^  will  have  an  oppor- 

tnnity  then  to  pass  upon  whether  you  wish  to  join  the  National  Cham- 
ocr  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States. 


R^KMt  on  Natkmal  Chamber  of  Commerce 

BY  JOSBTB  N.  TEAL,  OF  PORTLAND,  ORE. 

^^rtland  Ore.,  April  30,  ipw.-National  Lumber  Manufacturers' 
AssooaticMi,  Tacoma,  Wash.  Gentlemen: 

Pnrsuant  to  appointment  by  you,  I  attended  as  a  delegate,  the  Na- 
tional  Commercial  Conference  held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  April 
22  and  23,  1912,  which  conference  lead  to  the  foimation  of  the  Na- 
tional  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

of  years  the  National  Board  of  Trade  has  been 
«^tamed  by  comparatively  a  few  loyal  members.  It  has  done  excel- 
^V^^i  u"^^  important  measures  to  its  credit,  not  the 
tost  of  which  ,s  the  part  it  took  in  securing  the  estabhshment  of  the 
Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  For  some  reason  unknown  to 
me,  ,t  did  not  secure  wide  recognition  or  support  However,  as  evi- 
dence of  the  spirit  of  its  members,  on  the  formation  of  the  National 
Chamber  of  Commerce  it  voted  to  disorganize  and  turn  over  to  the 
new  organization  its  funds,  amounting  to  about  $1,000. 

NECESSITY  FOR  A  NATIONAL  ORGANIZATION 

Under  the  keen  stress  of  national  competition  it  has  become  in- 


National  Chamber  of  Commebcb 


123 


creasingly  apparent  that  this  country  would  have  to  take  some  or- 
ganized action  if  it  is  to  participate  as  it  shouuld  in  foreign  commerce, 
as  well  as  develop  to  the  greatest  extent  its  domestic  trade.  It  has  also 
been  felt  that  there  should  be  a  closer  relationship  between  the  com- 
mercial interests  and  the  department  of  the  government  created  espe- 
ciaUy  to  advance  them.  This  could  only  be  done  through  an  organized 
effort  and  the  creation  of  some  semi-official  body  with  which  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce  and  Labor  could  deal,  knowing  such  body  was 
really  representative  of  and  represented  the  commercial  interest  of 
the  country. 

THE  CALL 

The  conference  was  called  by  Secretary  Nagle  at  the  direction 
of  the  President,  under  date  of  March  i,  1912.  On  March  2  Secretary 
Na^  issued  invitatk>ns  to  all  ccnnmercial  and  industrial  associations 
to  appoint  delegates  to  attend  a  ccmfereoce  to  be  held  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  April  22,  to  consider  the  establishment  of  a  natkmal  commercial 
organization  and  outlining  the  principles  by  which  sudi  an  oi^;anization 
should  be  governed. 

THE  MEETING 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  on  April  22,  1912,  at  10:30  a.  m- 
by  Secretary  Nagle.  The  President  of  the  United  States  opened  Ae 
meeting  with  an  address,  of  which  the  following  is  a  part : 

«*I  am  deeply  mtiiea  at  the  response  to  the  call  for  this  met^g.  When 
the  neonmendation  for  a  national  chamber  of  commerce  was  made,  the  sug- 
ffestion  appeared  problematical  to  the  minds  of  many.  But  I^^a^e  been  so  much 
impressed  with  the  need  for  constant  and  intelligent  coopOTatioii 
industrial  forces  of  our  country  that  I  eaaOaM  to  pal  tiie  quttSm  to  n 
ioDDediate  test 

'*Even  regulating  measnres  which  have  been  adopted  in  the  past  may  have 
suffered  for  lack  of  advice  from  those  who  should  be  best  qualified  by  expeneroe 
and  training  to  give  it.  Now  that  we  witer  upon  the  broad  tM  of  constructive 
leidslation  3ie  need  for  that  eomiflel  is  absolutely  apparent  to  all  of  us.  Speciai- 
M  investigation  and  learning  may  evolve  theories.  Those  theories  no  doubt  pw- 
vide  proper  foundation  for  new  measures.  But  in  the  last  an^ysis  every  thought 
must  stMid  the  test  of  actual  use.  With  rc^»ect  to  that  test  the  disintweitod 
adriee  of  those  who  are  to  Uve  by  the  proposed  measures  is  of  first  importance. 
You  gentlemen  are  most  concerned  to  have  rules  of  action  formulated  and 
adopted  that  are  calculated  to  insure  fair  dealing  on  the  one  hand  and  allow 
and  promote  legitimate  expansion  and  development  upon  the  oth^ 

"To  that  end  you  and  tbe  government  must  cooperate.  This  you  cannot 
tMWnptHFi»  so  long  as  you  are  disorganized.  The  advantage  of  one  intoeat  is 
aim  to  work  to  the  disadvantage  of  another.  ^  ^  ,   

'*The  government  cannot  favor  separate  interests;  but  it  should  promote 
commerce  and  industry  aa  a  whole.  This  it  the  neaninff  of  the  recommendation 
in  my  mewage.  To  acewplioh  tiihi  I  trw*  yon  wm^  male  aone  decided  progieas 
in  thk  seetiBg." 


124        National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association 

Secretary  Nagle  followed  with  an  address  urging  the  creation  of 
a  permanent  representative  trade  organization  to  act  with  the  govern- 
ment departments  in  solving  the  pressing  economic  problems.  The 
meetmg  was  then  turned  over  to  delegates  with  Mr.  Hany  A.  Wheeler, 
of  Chicago,  in  the  chair. 

ATTENDANCE 

There  were  between  seven  hundred  and  eight  hundred  delegates 
present,  representing  commercial  bodies  from  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  and  insular  possessions.  It  can  be  fairly  said  the  delegates  were 
truly  representative  of  the  great  commercial  interests  of  the  country. 
It  was  evident  from  the  start  they  had  come  for  business  and  not  for 
a  frolic 

PLAN 

I  will  not  undertake  to  go  into  details,  indeed  I  could  not  do  so  at 
this  time.  It  is  perhaps  sufficient  to  give  a  general  outHne  of  the  plan 
and  purposes  of  the  oiganizatioa.  The  plan  states  the  object  of  the 
association  as  follows : 

fi!J^®  ^{  ^^'l  association  shall  be  to  provide  a  natUmal  doariiur  home 

for  the  development  and  consideration  of  busings  opinion  and  to^ecurTunited 

J£2Lr!!^2IJ?f  li!!?^  commercial  interests  of  the  uS  Stotak 
Oafy  ^pMftioM  of  BstioBal  importaaee  AsS  be  oonridered." 

The  permanent  headquarters  is  to  be  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  a 
national  charter  will  be  secured. 

Each  association  having  twenty-five  members  shaU  be  entitled  to 
one  delate  to  the  National  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  for  each 
additional  loo  members  an  association  shaU  be  entitled  to  one  more 
megate  up  to  ten,  which  is  the  maximum  number  of  delegates  which 
may  be  sent  by  one  organization.  Each  association  is  to  pay  $35  annual 
dues  for  each  delegate  to  which  it  is  entitled. 

Provision  is  made  for  submission  of  questions  to  tiie  various  000- 
sutuent  members  for  consideration  and  report  Questions  may  also 
be  submkted  to  the  Board  of  EMrectors  for  reference,  and  if  the  Board 
apprwes,  it  then  goes  to  all  the  members  for  further  consideration. 

^  For  the  present  the  organization  will  conduct  its  work  on  the  fol- 
lowmg  basis  and  through  the  following  bodies: 

A  general  counsel  to  consist  of  one  member  from  each 
constituent  member; 

A  board  of  twenty^vo  directors  which  in  turn  can 
ai^ioint  an  executive  committee; 


National  Chamber  of  Couuemcb 


125 


A  president,  three  vice-presidents,  a  secretary  and  a 
treasurer. 

It  was  agreed  that  the  Board  of  Directors  would  prepare  a  per- 
manent constitution  and  by-laws  to  be  submitted  for  final  recommenda- 
tion at  the  next  general  meeting,  but  such  constitution  must  conform 
to  the  general  plan  adopted.  When  this  is  approved  a  national  charter 
wiU  be  appUed  for.  In  Oie  meantime  the  present  organization  will 
continue  its  work. 

THE  DIRECTORATE  AlfD  OFFICERS 

The  general  meeting  elected  the  following  Board  of  Directors: 

George  H.  Whitohb  

John  H.  Fahey  

A.  M.  COOPEE  

John  P.  Teuebmsm  and  Luvwio  Nismr 

A.  J.  Logan  ... 

Bernard  N.  Baker  

WiLUAM  D.  Mullen  

Francis  P.  Pbentos  

IteDERICK  BODB  

Harry  T.  Wicks  

August  H.  Vogel  

C.  G.  Cboddock  

P.  J.  Kbuesi  • 

Lewis  W.  Parmi.  

B.  Thompson  

I,  H.  Kempner  

H.  J.  H0D6S  

Elias  Michael  

B.  F.  Kaufpman  

E.  P.  Wells  

EVURT  O.  GBIQOS  

A.  C.  Dixon  

mmkCM  H.  AuxK  

The  Board  of  Directors  chose  the  following  officers: 


PireiDENT— H.  A.  Wheeler  •  Chicago,  111. 

Tici-President  for  Pacitic  slope— J.  N.  Teal  Portland,  Ore. 

YtCB-PRESiDENT  FOR  THE  SOUTH — ^AsA  G.  Chamka  Atlanta,  CJa. 

YIOI-PBSSIDBNT  FOB  THE  EAST— A.  B.  Pabquha*  York,  Pa. 

TteASTOB— John  Jay  Edson  Washington,  D.  C. 

CkNiMSHr-- J.  Francis  Burke  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


GENERAL 

Full  and  complete  reports  and  a  copy  of  plan  of  organization  will 
be  issued  and  distributed  to  all  participating  in  the  organization  as 

90on  as  possible. 

In  toy  ofmiion,  the  impcMrtance  of  this  (H-ganization  in  the  develop- 


New  Hampshire 
. .  .Massachusetts 

 {kmmBdAeat 

 Neir  York 

. .  .Pennsylvania 

 Maryland 

 IMawue 

 Ohio 

 Illinois 

 Michigan 

 Wisconsin 

 yirginia 

 Tennessee 

.  .South  Carolina 

 Louisiana 

 Tena 

 Kansas 

 Missouri 

 Iowa 

 Minnesota 

 Washington 

.  Oregon 

 California 


126       National  Lumbbk  Makotacturbrs'  Association 

ment  of  our  trade,  if  properly  supported,  cannot  be  over  estimated. 
Itoow  the  administration  views  it  as  of  the  utmost  importance. 
^CCTCtary  Nagic  said  he  considered  the  successful  organization  of  the 
National  Chamber  of  Commerce  as  the  most  important  event  in  his 

admmistration. 

Throughout  Europe  such  organizations,  woridng  in  codperation 
with  the  government,  have  been  most  powerful  factors  in  developing 
and  extending  trade,  and  I  have  no  hesitancy  in  saying  that  modem 
methods  m  trade  demand  such  organizations  and  modern  methods  are 
just  as  unportant  in  the  development  of  trade  relations  as  they  are 
m  manufacturmg  or  commercial  enterprises.    Indeed,  the  stress  of 
national  and  mtemational  competition  requires  the  use  of  every  reason- 
able  expedient  and  instrument.  This  body  wiU  be  a  medium  by  and 
through  which  the  national  government  will  be  constantly  m  touch 
with  the  commercial  needs  and  requirements  of  the  country,  and  the 
wuntay  on  the  other  hand  wiU  be  kept  informed  of  the  commercial 
situatoon  not  only  m  the  United  States  but  throughout  the  world.  It 
will  be  recognized  as  standing  for  the  commercial  interests  and  in  a 
position  to  be  of  the  greatest  service.   The  better  knowledge  of  our 
needs  and  the  needs  of  others,  the  acquaintanceship  that  wfll  mult 
the  cooperation  and  mutual  assistance  that  will  necessarily  follow, 
will  all  be  of  mestunaWe  value  m  the  contest  for  our  fair  share  of 
the  trade  of  the  world,  as  weU  as  in  the  large  development  of  our  own 
bumnm  and  our  own  resources.  I  most  earnestly  urge  and  recommend 
ttat  this  body,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  properly  done,  join  the  national 
body  and  support  and  further  its  work  in  every  possible  way,  confident 
that  in  the  result  obtained  the  business  and  industrial  intemts  of 
the  NaUonal  will  be  the  gainer  thereby. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Joseph  N.  Teau 

PaEStDENT  Griggs:  If  there  is  any  resolution  on  that  subject  it 
can  go  to  the  Resolutions  Committee  and  be  discussed  when  we  con- 
sider  their  report,  unless  you  want  action  taken  now.  The  Chair  hears 
no  objection,  and  it  is  so  ordered. 

The  Northern  Hemlock  &  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Assoda- 
tions  president,  Mr.  Edward  A.  Hamer,  of  Chassell,  Mich.,  not  being 
her^s  iwented  by  Mr.  R.  S.  Kellogg,  secretary  of  the  same  assc? 
oation  We  will  now  call  on  the  latter  gentleman  for  his  paper  on 
the  subject  of  "Lumber  Prices." 


Lumber  Prices 


BY  R.  S.  KELLOGG,  OF  WAUSAU,  WIS. 

Mr.  Presid«it  and  Gentlemen:  What  I  haye  to  say  this  after- 
noon follows  somewhat  in  the  same  general  line  as  Mr.  Keith's  re- 
markably good  address,  but  nowhere  near  comes  up  to  it.  It  may, 
however,  present  a  few  facts  from  possibly  a  little  different  angle, 
leading,  I  am  very  glad  to  say,  to  the  same  conclusion  on  my  part  that 
he  reached  on  his  part 

I  have  been  more  or  less  observant  of  the  lumber  industry  for 
several  years,  and  I  have  a  pretty  fair  record  of  attendance  at  this 
association.  I  have  been  wondering  a  great  many  times  as  to  what 
the  lumberman  is.  There  is  possibly  somewhat  of  a  philosophical 
question  involved.  Some  people  say  that  he  is  a  manufacturer.  I  have 
a  good  many  doubts,  from  some  things  I  have  seen,  as  to  whether  he 
is  an  up-to-date,  efficient  manufacturer — efficient  in  the  production  and 
tiie  marketing  of  his  commodity.  I  am  raUier  doubtful  as  to  whether 
he  is  a  very  good  manufacturer,  or  not 

WHAT  THE  LUMBERMAN  REALLY  IS 

Some  people  say  that  he  is  a  lumber  merchant,  a  merchant  of  the 
commodity  he  makes ;  and  my  doubts  are  even  greater  on  that  score 
than  on  the  question  of  his  being  a  manufacturer.  I  believe  that  of 
48,000  to  50,000  lumbermen  in  the  United  States,  300  or  400  possibly 
are  pretty  good  merchants;  but  I  am  sure  that  a  very  large  percentage 
of  them  are  not  very  good  merchants,  and  I  think  that  many  of  you 
will  agree  with  me  in  that.  I  have  not  the  time  to  go  into  the  details 
of  the  evidence. 

The  lumberman  is  in  some  cases  a  speculator;  but  he  has  not 
been  a  very  successful  speculator  in  the  last  five  years.  I  could  present 
evidence  on  that  score. 

Now  tiierc  is  only  about  one  thing  left  for  him  to  be.  When  a 
man  could  not  be  anything  else  it  always  used  to  be  said  that  he 
became  a  farmer.  Possibly  the  lumberman  is  a  farmer.  I  held  to  that 
notion  for  quite  a  while,  that  the  lumberman  is  more  of  a  farmer  th^w 

127 


ta8 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


anything  else,  at  any  rate  that  he  is  more  in  the  farmer's  class  than 
that  of  the  merchant,  manufacturer,  or  speculator.  But  even  here  I 
have  begun  to  doubt  very  much  whether  or  not  the  lumbennaii  is  a 
farmer.  He  is  like  the  farmer  in  that  he  goes  out  and  cuts  down  his 
timber  and  runs  it  through  his  saw  mill,  and  piles  it  up  in  his  yard,  and 
then  next  day  tries  to  sell  it.  He  is  a  good  deal  like  the  farmer  who 
when  he  has  raised  his  crop  and  got  it  in  the  bin  has  to  sell  it,  or 
let  it  spoil.  I  do  not  believe  the  lumberman  is  a  very  good  farmer. 
But  if  he  is  not  a  farmer  there  is  only  one  thing  left;  if  he  is  not 
a  farmer  he  must  be  a  goat.  I  am  pretty  sure  he  is  a  goat;  and  before 
I  get  through  this  afternoon  I  think  possibly  some  of  you  will  agree 
with  that  point  of  view. 

AVUACS  LUMBER  PRICES  FOR  TEN  YEARS 

Now  going  back  to  the  dry  subject  of  statistics  again,  according 
to  the  census  reports  for  the  years  given  below,  the  average  mill  values 
of  aU  kinds  of  lumber  in  the  United  States  was: 

ISJ?  $11.13 

  12.76 



1907....   16.56 

1»08  15.37 

  16^8 

MIO  UJBO 

The  increase  in  average  value  of  the  lumberman's  product  at  the 
mill,  from  1899  to  1910,  was  37.4  per  cent.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
decrease  in  the  average  value  from  1906  to  1910  was  7.5  per  cent. 
Remember,  there  was  a  positive  decrease  from  1906  to  1910  of  the 
average  mill  value  of  all  kinds  of  lumber  of  7.5  per  cent 

INCREASE  AND  DECREASE  BY  SPECIES 

The  following  table  shows  the  increase  and  decrease  in  the  period 
given  with  respect  to  the  various  species,  the  percentages  in  the  ri^ 
hand  column  not  shown  with  an  asterisk  indicating  the  decrease,  and 
those  with  the  asteri^  kdicating  the  increase: 


Lumber  Prkxs 


139 


average  MILL  VALUES 


1 

J.9UO 

$22.47 

7.7 

20.94 

15.0 

14.34 

•2.3 

H  §9  £%  A 

17.37 

•0.8 

  17.49 

16.23 

  17.15 

17.78 

•3.7 

  21.94 

20.51 

6.5 

  18.08 

18.67 

•3.3 

13.09 

7.8 

  1S.46 

12.26 

8.9 

  15.31 

13.85 

9.6 

  30.42 

26.55 

12.7 

  11.91 

11.85 

^JS 

  15.53 

16.16 

•4.1 

  21.76 

18.76 

9.2 

  16.11 

18.68 

•9.8 

  14.01 

14.26 

•1.8 

  18.32 

18.93 

•3.3 

  15.02 

13.29 

11.5 

  24.21 

24.71 

♦2.1 

  16.64 

ISJSt 

6J 

16.62 

4.1 

  15.63 

13.30 

14.0 

  16.54 

15.30 

7.5 

LUMBER  COMPARED  WITH  FARM  COMMODITIES 

On  the  other  hand,  we  have  a  pretty  interesting  comparison  as 
to  what  was  doii^  in  farm  commodities  during  that  same  period. 
The  average  farm  prices  on  December  i  of  eadi  jtax  for  cmnaio- 
dities  given  for  the  period  1896-1905  and  1906-1910,  and  tiie  percoitage 

of  increase  in  prices  were  as  follows : 

AVERAiGS  FARM  PRICES-HPECEMBER  I 


ISQS'ldOS  190€'19W  Imentm 

Com,  par  bo.   37.1c  52.1c  40i5% 

Wheat    69.4  87.1  25.6% 

Oats    28.1  39.6  41.0% 

Barley    41.2  55.3  34.3% 

Bje    52.5  70.3  34.0%. 

Buckwheat   53.5  68.1  27.3% 

Potatoes    49.9  58.8  17.9%, 

Cotton,  per  lb   8.3  11.4  37.4% 

Voteeeo   T.2  10.0  SO.0% 

Haj,  per  toa   $8.07  «10.78  88.0%. 


Average   33.1% 


130        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


Fran  1900  to  1^0  the  increase  in  the  average  prices  of  horses 
and  mules  was: 

 $44.61         $108.19  142.e% 

  S9JS5  119.84  123.6% 

The  study  of  the  above  tables  showing  the  high  percentage  of 
increases  of  prices  of  farm  products,  will  certainly  convince  3/00  tiiat 
the  lumberman  is  not  a  very  good  farmer;  and  yon  most  further  re- 
menAcr  that  many  of  these  c(»miodities  the  lumberman  had  to  buy 
m  order  to  feed  his  stodc. 

FARlflBS  nUlBPITED  MORE  THAN  OTHERS  BY  INCREAnD  COST  OF  LIVING 

Now  I  have  here  some  extracts  frc«n  the  Year  Bode  of  the  Depart- 
m^t  of  Agriculture  for  1910,  which  are  authoritative,  interestmg,  and 
I  flunk  possibly  will  not  be  too  long.  They  say : 

"The  farmer  has  benefited  more  than  others  from  the  changed 
conditions  which  have  manifested  themselves  in  increased  cost  of  Uving 
For  instance,  the  product  of  one  acre  of  own  in  1899  was  wortfi  on 
the  farm  $8.51,  but  ten  years  later  it  was  worth  $15.20,  an  increase 
in  farm  valiK  amountmg  to  7S.6  per  cent.  Similarly,  wheat  increased 
m  form  vahie  114  per  cent,  tobacco  56.2  per  cent,  and  cotton  65.6 
per  cent.  Ten  leading  crops  taken  together—including,  besides  those 
mentioned,  oats,  barley,  rye,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  and  hay^-increased 
72.7  per  cent  in  farm  value. 

"This,  of  course,  is  no  advantage  to  the  fanner  if  the  increase 
m  price  of  the  things  lie  has  to  buy  is  still  greater.  To  ascertain  the 
factsm  this  matter,  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  sent  a  letter  to  a  large 
"""^i^"'^**^^  ^^'"^  business  with  farmers.   These  dealers 

were  a^  to  quote  the  prices  which  prevailed  in  1899  and  in  loog, 
taking  care  to  compare  articles  of  the  same  grades.  In  this  way  the 
percentage  of  increase  in  the  prices  of  about  eighty-five  articles  com- 
monly used  by  the  farmers  was  determined. 

"^three  cases  tiie  prices  were  less  in  1909  than  in  1899;  in  four 
CM^^  were  the  same;  but  in  all  other  cases  they  had  increased, 
tne  mWes  running  frcmi  2.7  per  cent  in  the  case  of  manure  spreaders 
and  mowers  to  53.8  per  cent  in  the  case  of  brooms.  Coffee  increased 
9.8  per  cent;  flour,  32.4;  salt,  14.9;  sugar,  S.7;  overalls,  22.9;  rubber 
boots,  29;  calico,  26.9;  muslin,  25;  and  so  00.  For  aU  the  articles 
ccmsidered,  the  average  increase  was  ia.i  per  ceitt 

"Now  compare  this  with  the  72.7  per  cent  increase  in  the  farm 


Lumber  Prices 


value  of  the  ten  leading  crops.  The  farmer  has  evidently  benefited 
more  dian  the  r^t  of  the  community — taken  all  tc^;etlier— -from  the 
changes  in  values." 

The  Year  Book  goes  on  to  say  that  the  increased  purchasing  power 
of  one  acre  of  farm  crops  is  largely  due  to  the  increase  in  the  output 
per  acre.  The  Department  of  Agriculture  takes  a  great  deal  of  credit 
to  itself  for  the  increased  yield  per  acre  which  has  made  the  farmer 
so  prosperous;  but  if  you  take  these  same  statistics  and  chase  them 
back  for  the  last  twenty  or  thirty  years,  you  will  find  that  tfiere  has 
been  mighty  little  increase  in  our  production  per  acre  of  cotton,  wheat, 
oats,  or  any  of  these  crops — a,  very  small  percentage. 

AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE  COMPARED 

The  average  yield  per  acre  for  the  last  ten  years,  comparing  United 
States  and  Germany  is  as  follows : 

United  States,  Germany, 


Corn    26 

Wheat    14  30 

Oats   29  50 

Barley    26  35 

Rye    16  26 

Potatoea   92  200 


So  our  farmer  has  not  been  so  very  efficient  after  all.  It  looks 
a  little  as  if  the  farmer  has  been  as  wasteful  and  inefficient  as  the 
lumberman  has  ever  been  accused  of  being.  He  has  simply  had  more 
good  luck.  A  Department  of  Agriculture  expert  says  in  the  May 
World's  Work  that  all  the  staple  farm  crops  now  produced  in  forty- 
eig^t  states  could  be  grown  on  the  improved  land  in  fourteen  states 
with  26,000,000  acres  to  spare.  So  the  farmer  has  not  improved  his 
methods  very  much  after  all,  but  things  have  been  in  his  favor.  One 
of  the  big  things  that  has  been  in  his  favor  is  the  fact  that,  according 
to  the  census  reports,  practically  50  per  cent  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States  now  live  in  cities,  whereas  in  i860  less  than  25  per  cent — 
I  think  22  per  cent—comprised  our  urban  population.  The  people 
have  gone  into  tiie  cities  and  have  become  consumers  instead  of  pro- 
ducers. The  total  production  of  farm  products  has  increased  httle 
if  at  all. 

SARDONIC  REFUTATION  OF  LUMBER  TRUST  IDEA 

Now  the  lumberman  is  up  against  many  kinds  of  trouble.  Of 
IDOurse  he  has  a  "trust" — a  perfectly  wonderful  "trust"  The  lumber 


132        National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association 

•  •  r^t ri.-^  r. :  -  .  •  —  - 

trade  is  not  a  trust,  yet  according  to  one  authority— "This  organiza- 
tion has  thousands  of  members  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  many  of 
them  presumably  men  of  independent  minds  and  preferences;  and 
they  are  so  perfectly  disciplined  that  at  the  appearance  of  one  little 
signal,  aU  act  together  like  a  driUed  army.  It  has  all  the  business 
terrilmy  of  the  United  States  so  mapped  out  and  divided  that  its  prices 
rule  everywhere,  and  its  members,  under  the  control  of  its  formulated 
principles,  dominate  and  possess  the  trade. 

"It  attacks  recalcitrants  and  outsiders,  drives  them  out  of  business, 
closes  yards  and  factories,  terrorizes  alien  manufacturers,  scrutinizes 
the  private  books,  records,  and  letter-files  of  its  opponents,  has  its 
spies  in  every  unfrioidly  establishment,  studies  and  follows  every 
suspected  shipment,  keeps  incessant  watch  on  suspected  business  men, 
maintains  a  horde  of  well-trained  detectives,  bribes  employees,  scatters 
hush-money,  dogs  witnesses.  It  has  exerted  its  influence  over  courts, 
public  officers,  administrations,  legislatures,  Congress  and .  pditkal 
parties.  Composed  of  a  great  number  of  diverse  dements,  it  is  com- 
pact, secret,  efficient,  most  aWy  managed,  and  idiile  tfaree-fourdis  of 
its  members  have  no  idea  of  its  own  activities,  they  foUow,  support, 
and  obey  it  wi^  unquestkming  faith. 

"Manufacturers  were  brought  closely  together,  retailers  were 
brought  closely  together;  then  manufacturers,  wholesalers,  and  re- 
tailers were  induced  to  work  together  faultlessly  for  a  common  end. 

"High  prices  were  assured,  profits  made  certain,  competitkm  was 
IMvctkally  obliterated." 

TYPICAL  EXAMPLES  CITED 

You  see  what  a  wonderful  octopus  you  are,  and  you  can  realize 
the  things  that  the  lumberman  is  up  against.  Now  when  I  read  this, 
I  was  inspired  to  do  a  little  sleuthing  myself  on  the  trail  of  this  myster- 
ious octopus,  and  so  I  went  to  a  couple  of  members  of  our  association 
and  they  tomed  their  records  over  to  me,  and  the  results  of  their 
ciqjwicnce  are  rather  surprismg:.  I  have  no  doubt  whatever  that  they 
can  be  duplicated  in  other  localities.  These  concerns  that  I  investigated 
were  located  in  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  I  found  that  a  stock  of 
eight  million  feet  of  hemlock  lumber  was  shipped  from  Nov.  i,  1910, 
to  October  31,  191 1.  Deducting  freight,  commisnoos,  discounts, 'aUow- 
ances,  cost  of  millw<»k  and  kMiding,  tiie  receipts  for  the  lumber  in  the 
pile  nm^  at  the  mill  were  exactly  $ioxx>  per  thousand.  This  was 


Lumber  Prices 


133 


for  a  stock  which  ran  56  per  cent  No.  i,  20  per  cent  No.  2  and  24 
per  cent  No.  3 — slightly  better  than  the  average.  Taxes,  insurance, 
interest  and  selling  expense  amounted  to  $1.00  per  thousand — making 
a  net  price  of  $9.00  per  thousand.  Sawing  cost  $2.75  per  thousand — 
leaving  $6.25  for  the  lumber  in  the  log.  Logging  and  carrying  to 
the  mill  cost  $7.00  per  thousand  log  scale  at  tiie  k>west  cadculatkm. 
Altowing  30  per  cent  overrun,  this  amounted  to  $5.40  per  tiiousand 
feet  of  lumber,  or  but  little  more  than  actual  operating  cost,  with  no 
allowance  for  stumpage,  taxes  and  interest  on  standing  timber.  Were 
the  mill  so  situated  that  all  the  lath,  tanbark  and  mill  waste  could  be 
marketed  at  a  fair  price,  the  net  return  from  these  products  would  not 
amount  to  more  than  $1.75  per  thousand  feet  of  lumber. 

Another  exan^e:  A  wdl-«ianaged  firm,  which  did  a  large  busi- 
ness in  191 1,  received  $6.44  per  thousand  for  its  No.  3  hemlodc  The 
manufacturing  cost — i.  e.,  sawing,  piling,  shipping  and  selling — was 
$3.69  per  thousand,  and  administration  cost — i.  e.,  office  expense,  sal- 
aries, depreciation,  interest  and  taxes — $2.84  per  thousand — a  total 
of  $6.53.  Logging  cost  $4.50,  and  delivery  to  the  mill,  $1.20,  or  $5.70 
per  thousand  feet  of  lumber,  making  the  total  cost  $11.73  for  lumber 
which  sM  for  $6.44,  with  no  aUowance  for  stmnpa^,  which  perhaps 
should  not  be  charged  against  the  cull  product.  On  its  entire  hendock 
sales  of  ten  million  feet,  this  firm  received  a  net  price  of  $9.73  per 
thousand,  against  a  production  cost  of  $10.82,  with  stumpage  charged 
at  $3.00  to  $3.50,  according  to  location—a  loss  of  $1.09  per  thousand 
on  this  basis. 

This  firm  also  received  a  net  price  of  $8.65  for  its  No.  3  Ash, 
$a42i  for  No.  3  Ehn,  $6.55  for  No.  3  Hard  Maple,  $7.75  for  No.  3 
Soft  Maple,  and  $7.86  for  No.  3  Birch— all  produced  at  a  cost  of  not 
less  than  $12.00  per  thousand. 

These  are  typical  examples  of  conditions  that  have  prevailed  for 
the  last  four  years.  For  hemlock  they  mean  that  in  the  most  favorable 
situations,  the  manufacturers  have  been  getting  irom  $ixx>  to  $2.00 
per  thousand  for  stumpage  that  cannot  be  purdiased  for  less  than 
$9XX>  to  $3.00,  and  that  in  other  situations,  there  has  been  no  return 
for  stumpage.  For  low  grade  hardwoods  they  mean  that  the  pro- 
duction has  been  at  an  actual  loss  of  several  dollars  per  thousand. 

SOURCES  OF  LUMBER  SUPPLY 

There  are  only  two  possible  sources  of  lumber  supply  in  the 
United  States,  one  of  them  being  timberlands  owned  by  mdivkiimb 


134       National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

such  as  you  and  I,  the  other  timberlands  owned  by  either  the  states 
or  the  National  government— the  pubUc  forests.   At  present,  people 
like  you  and  I  own  about  lonr-fiMis  of  the  timber  supply.  Neither 
you  or  I  would  produce  any  lumber  if  we  could  not  obtain  the  cost 
of  production  for  it  when  we  came  to  saw  it  up  and  market  it.  One 
of  our  best-known  foresters  says :   "It  is  better  to  waste  timber  than 
to  waste  money,"  and  this  is  the  keynote  to  private  conservation. 
Human  beings  will  always  be  guided  by  that  principle  as  kmg  as  they 
remain  reasonable.  I  have  never  seen  the  cost  of  productkm  correctly 
figured  during  aU  my  acquaintance  with  lumbermen.  There  has  been 
statonent  after  statement  published  in  the  lumber  journals  about  the 
cost  of  imducing  lumber,  none  of  which  have  ever  been  correct ;  they 
have  shown  nothing  but  the  harvesting  cost.   There  has  never  been  a 
thoroughly  worked  out  statement  of  what  it  would  cost  to  produce 
a  thousand  feet  of  timber.    I  do  not  know  where  you  are  going  to 
get  a  properly  worked  out  basis  of  cost,  and  yet  such  a  bans  mast  be 
secured  if  the  cost  of  lumber  is  ever  going  to  be  figured  out  right  in 
the  United  States.  I  have  no  idea  of  what  the  ultimate  selling  prices 
will  be,  but  tiiey  must  come  up  to  the  cost  of  production  or  lumber 
will  not  be  permanently  produced  by  private  efforts.    That  is  a 
fundamental  fact. 

ITEMS  ENTERING  COST  OF  PRODUCTION 

The  real  cost  of  production  must  include  the  growing  of  timber, 
hogging.,  sawing  and  marketing  the  product.  The  largest  item  is  that 
of  growing  the  timber.  Mowing  only  $io  per  acre  for  the  cost  of 
land  stocked  with  seedlings,  the  usual  charges  for  taxes,  protection, 
etc,  and  an  interest  rate  of  4  per  cent,  it  does  not  appear  that  timber 
avera^g  eighteen  mches  in  diameter  can  be  grown  for  less  than  the 
following  stumpage  prices  per  thousand  feet: 

Douglas  fir  $  8.00 

Loblolly  pine   ^.  10.00 

white  pine    20.00 

Bed  oak  and  yellow  poplar  20.00 

I'OBgltaf  piM  80.00 

And  because  of  this  condition  the  efforts  which  are  made  to  bring 
about  the  possibility  of  permanently  continuing  lumber  production 
and  conserving  the  timber  supply  should  be  supported. 

We  need  to  enlarge  our  conception  of  what  a  public  utility  is. 
Inl^  past  few  years,  people's  ideas  have  been  broadening  in  regard 


LUXBBR  PBICBS 


135 


lo  public  utilities.  It  has  come  to  be  pretty  clearly  seen  that  munici- 
pal enterprises  like  street  railways,  wUch  are  abs^utely  essential  for 
transportatkm,  and  water  supply  that  is  absolutely  necessary  for  drink- 
ing purposes,  fire  protection  and  sanitation,  are  undoubtedly  public 

utilities,  as  are  almost  to  an  equal  extent  other  things  like  lights  and 
telephones.  It  is  recognized  that  these  things  are  public  utilities,  that 
is,  public  necessities,  and  that  they  must  either  be  supplied  by  the  public 
acting  in  its  own  corporate  capacity,  or  they  must  be  supplied  by 
private  capital  properly  restricted  and  controlled  and  <qieniting  m  tbe 
interests  of  the  public.  These  necessities  are  being  supplied  in  these 
two  ways  all  over  the  United  States  today.  They  are  absolutely  essen- 
tial to  the  life  and  the  health  of  the  people.  They  are  fundamental 
necessities.  This  conception  has  gone  far  enough  so  that  courts  and 
commissions  state  that  when  private  enterprise  engages  in  the  supply 
of  these  public  utilities  such  private  enterprise  is  entitled  to  a  reason- 
able profit  for  its  undertaking.  This  reasonaUe  profit  and  the  right 
to  earn  it  is  being  very  generally  conceded  and  accepted  by  public 
service  commissions,  by  railroad  commissions,  and  by  the  courts. 

We  can  readily  see  that  with  this  conception  having  been  estab- 
lished regarding  such  utilities  that  an  extension  of  the  principle  will 
soon  be  xpphed  to  the  entire  railroad  rate  situation  in  the  United 
States. 


WILL  THE  LUMBER  BUSINESS  BE  CONSII«SED  A  FCTBUC  UTILITY? 


Now  it  seems  to  me  that  we  are  going  to  go  a  little  further 
with  that  thing;  I  think  that  what  we  have  got  to  do,  if  we  are  to 
get  real  conservation  and  real  maintenance  of  our  timber  supply,  is 
to  9ppfy  that  ccmception  to  the  lumber  business.    We  believe  diat 


■ 

to  food,  timber  is  of  more  general  utility  than  any  other 
We  will  continue  to  need  timber ;  we  cannot  do  without  it.  Logically 
then,  the  thing  to  do  is  to  take  necessary  measures  to  get  it. 

So  it  seems  to  me  that  if  we  properly  understand  what  public 
utilities  are,  we  will  include  in  them  the  forests,  which  are  a  public 
necessity.  If  this  is  so,  then  we  have  ample  justification  in  asking 
for  legislation  which  will  pmait  the  people  w1k>  at  die  present  time 
own  ihtst  forests,  or  who  may  own  them  in  ^  future,  to  manage 
them  in  such  a  way  that  they  will  not  be  wasted,  and  so  that  their 
fullest  values  in  the  shape  of  commodities  for  the  use  of  the  public 


136        National  Lumber  Manufacturebs'  AssooATiaN 


will  be  secured.  This  must  largely  be  done  by  private  effort,  which 
must  be  assured  a  reasonable  return  upon  the  cost  of  productkm. 

ECOlfOHiC  C02n»TI0NS  COM  PEL  WA8TB 

Thus  it  appears  that  we  are  led  directly  to  the  conclusion  that 
Mr.  Keith  reached  from  another  starting  point  But  in  carrying  these 
conclusions  into  effect  we  have  got  to  work  for  such  methods  of  con- 
ducting  bnsmess  tiiat  we  Ml  not  be  compelled  by  economic  con- 
dMoiis  to  waste  what  we  do  not  want  to  waste,  nor  to  destroy  what 
tfie  people  need,  but  which  will  permit  us  to  save  those  things  that 
need  to  be  saved,  and  to  maintain  the  things  that  must  be  maintained. 
And  It  seems  to  me  that  an  organization  like  this  associatum  is  the 
organization  of  aU  organizations  m  the  United  States  to  start  a  cam- 
paign  on  such  a  line  of  puWic  educatbn.  [Applause.] 
_Mii^HITE:   I  want  to  say  to  you  very  briefly  that,  as  one  of  the 
hmmemien  here  today,  I  want  to  plead  with  the  rest  of  you  before  the 
bar  of  public  opinion  as  being  guilty  of  being  a  "goat"— and  a  dead 
goat  at  that !  Brother  Kellogg  has  given  us  a  good  many  specifications 
m  the  indictment ;  I  do  not  know  of  anything  that  the  lumbemen  need 
now  to  do  except  that  it  mighl  be  appropriate  to  inquire  die  price  of  a 
ooffin.  [Laughter.] 

Pmsidbkt  Guggs:  As  tiie  Chiur  had  charge  of  this  program  I 
thous^t  I  would  deviate  from  it  and  introduce  a  little  song  and  dance 
or  scmiething  by  way  of  relieving  our  minds ;  but  as  we  cannot  have  the 
song  and  dance  I  will  deviate  just  long  enough  to  get  you  back  to  earth, 
and  hear  the  Treasurer's  report.  Secretary  Smith  wishes  to  file  it  so 
that  the  Auditing  Committee  can  discuss  it  I  will  ask  him  now  to  read 
it  I  may  say  that  the  Board  has  gone  over  this  report  in  detail;  but 
^"^^  Committee  most  have  it  in  order  to  pass  upon  it. 
Secretary  Smith,  in  the  absence  of  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  J.  A.  Free- 
man, of  Pasadena,  Cal.,  read  the  Treasurer's  report,  as  follows : 

Treasurer's  Report 

Tparendmp 

.     .       ,  ^  Mm€k81,191g. 
i^MMMm-— Aanual  Dues    etcko  ao 

Hcamiy  Memberships  600  no 

Interest  on  Bank  Balanew   .........  ouu^ 

Miscellaneous  Beceipta  !.'"** . 

•  •••••••••••••  •v.*. 


Yearendmg 
Mmch  SU 1911, 
$25,347.80 
1,800.00 
24.72 
0.SO 


Mai  Ibmm 


$24,346.04 


$27^77.72 


Tibasuker's  REratr 


Expanses. 

SiOaries   $  MH-SS  $10,283.49 

Traveling  Expenses                                                 2,394.44  3,194.02 

General  £b^penses                                                   1,957.77  4,899.14 

Bent   TTTT.                                                    1,350.00  943.61 

Annnal  Beport                                                    1,077.91  1,279.53 

•Postage    293.39   

•Printing  and  Stationeiy.  . .      849.97  719.79 

Exchange                                                                        19.30  18.62 

Expense  Meetings   505.40  

Samt  Loais  Office  Expense   336.06 

Depreciation  on  OflBce  Funiitore.                                   77.45  162.86 

Statistical  Department: 

Kent    220.00 

Salaries    1,039.25 

Postage    417.00 

Printing  and  Stationery   335.70 

Sundry  Expense   21.95 

Total  Ezpease   $20470M  $21,887.12 

Net  Income   $  3,875.16  $  5,340.60 

Surplus  at  beginning  of  period  81,0^.92  25,709.32 

Surplus  at  end  of  period  $84,925.08  $81,049.92 

'Previously  kept  in  one  account. 

The  Titssuiei  'i  raport  as  above  took  the  regular  eooise  and  was  referred  to 
the  AnditiBg  CoBunittee,  Seovtaiy  Smith  eaUiag  attention  to  certain  eomparisoiis 
as  to  its  details  made  1^  tlM  poblie  aeeonBtaats  in  their  comparative  statenwt  of 
UuA  81, 1918. 

DIStRIBXTTION  OF  MR.  KEITH'S  PAPER 


President  Griggs:  I  will  ask  Secretary  Smith  to  read  the  names  of  the 
men  whom  I  would  like  to  have  make  it  a  partieiilar  point  to  enforee  the 
distribntion  of  Mr.  Keith's  paper. 

Mb.  C.  D.  Johnson,  St.  Louis,  Md^:  I  woold  like  to  offer  an  amendaMnit  in 
regard  to  the  distr^wtioB  of  that  paper.  I  think  that  a  eopj  of  that  paper  shoidd 
be  plaeed  la  the  hands  of  &nrj  retail  lumber  dealer  in  tiw  tTnM  SlatesL  I  also 
tkfaik  that  a  eopy  of  that  paper  riionld  be  plaeed  in  the  hands  of  every  State 
Pepresentative  and  State  Senator,  and  every  Governor,  of  aU  lumber  producing 
States;  that  it  shmdd  be  distributed  among  the  schools  and  colleges  and  freely 
and  generally  given  a  wide  circulation.  I  doubt  the  valne  of  sending  it  merely  to 
Senators  and  Congressmen.  I  think  it  is  a  good  paper  and  should  have  wide 
distribution.  If  the  gentleman  who  made  the  original  motion  will  eonstnt  I  would 
like  him  to  accept  an  amendment  to  that  motiim. 

Mb.  White:    I  accept  the  amendment". 

President  Griggs:  Whether  that  is  just  the  right  way  to  get  it  before  you 
1  do  not  know;  but  X  would  like  to  have  your  ideas.  Are  there  any  remarks  on 
the  motion? 

Mb.  Blodoett:    In  regard  to  distributing  that  paper  among  the  officials  and 


158       National  LuMm  Makufactubbbs'  Association 


the  legislatures  of  the  various  states,  it  has  occurred  to  me  that  there  is  a  rumor 
that  there  will  be  an  election  in  this  country  this  fall,  so  that  the  distribution  at 
the  present  time  might  not  reach  those  who  will  be  our  legislators  a  little  later  on. 
I  would  think  so  far  as  that  is  concerned  that  it  had  better  be  held  in  abeyance 
until  our  new  ofScials  are  elected  this  fall,  so  far  as  the  memben  of  the  legialatores 
and  the  governors  are  concerned. 

President  Gbigos:  Are  you  ready  for  the  question  f  I  think  the  method  of 
working  it  out  had  probably  better  be  left  to  the  Board  of  Governors  so  that  we 
will  not  step  on  each  other's  toes;  but  as  I  understand  it,  this  is  in  order  to  get 
the  sentiment  of  this  house.   Are  you  ready  for  the  question  t 

Ml.  Wmni:  I  want  to  speak  in  favor  of  that  motion.  I  believe  that  not- 
wHhitanding  the  deetkm  this  fall,  this  ki  a  mighty  good  time  to  send  it  right  out. 
Tktj  hKf  been  anUng  politieal  eapital  oat  of  xm;  tad  aiqrbodj  tint  makes 
palitieal  ei^Hal  fkrough  misrepresentation  againrt  tiie  hmbenaeii  and  charges 
Itaa  witk  being  in  a  hunber  trait,  I  do  not  eaie  ivhat  party  he  belongs  to,  for  it 
eoHMi  firom  both  and  all  parties,  I  tldnk  tliat  thej  bata  no  right  to  do  tiiat;  for  I 
believe  eoaseientioogly  that  soeh  politieians  eannot  get  eleeled  this  eoning  fall  on 
the  platform  of  proseenting  the  lumber  tmst 

PiHiniNT  Oaraoa:   I  woold  Uke  to  ask  Mr.  Keith  if  it  is  possiUs  to  got  a 
saftdent  number  of  eopies  of  the  paper  in  timet 

Mb.  Kxith:  In  ngr  mind,  there  is  a  qaestion  to  the  adfisabiUty  of  send- 
ing that  out  to  the  state  legislatures,  and  I  am  going  to  state  the  reason  why, 
because  I  do  not  believe  that  any  laws  that  are  passed  that  are  not  uniform  in  all 
the  states  on  the  subject  of  our  forests  woold  be  a  good  thing  for  the  lumbermen, 
any  more  than  I  believe  that  the  passage  ol  employers'  liability  and  workmen's 
compensation  laws  in  any  one  state  in  whidi  our  industry  is  interested  would  be  a 
good  thing  unless  the  same  were  uniform  in  all  states  where  we  are  interested; 
for  instance — I  am  going  to  refer  now  particularly  to  the  coal  industry — a  law . 
passed  in  the  State  of  Missouri  fixing  certain  conditions  as  to  workmen's  com- 
pensation. If  it  did  not  apply  equally  to  Kansas,  or  Illinois,  or  Arkansas,  or 
Iowa,  it  would  be  disadvantageous  to  the  producer  in  Missouri  as  compared  with 
producers  in  other  states  where  they  had  no  such  law.  Take  this  matter  as  to  the 
State  of  Louisiana;  if  Louisiana  wanted  to  be  progressive,  and  they  passed  an  act 
there  which  would  enforce  upon  us  some  line  of  reforestation,  or  some  practice  of 
forestry,  and  Mississippi  did  not  get  that  law,  or  Texas,  or  Arkansas,  or  Alabama, 
the  producers  of  the  State  of  Louisiana  would  be  perhaps  at  a  decided  disadvan- 
tage as  compared  to  the  other  states,  or  vice  versa.  Any  action  along  this 
proposition  should  be  national  in  character  and  scope,  and  I  doubt  very  much 
wkether  it  woold  be  advisable  to  send  this  paper  to  the  state  legislataree. 

Fbsubbmt  Oaioea:   I  tiiink  it  woold  bo  the  port  of  wisdom  to  consult  witk 
Mr.  KoiA  on  tiiis  matter;  and  if  thero  is  no  objection  by  tbe  mover  and  tko 
sseeadsr  of  the  motion,  that  mi^  bo  deao.  I  think  wo  can  dissDss  with  Urn 
as  to  the  adfisabOity  of  that   Baia  yoo  aa^lking  farther  to  asj  about  i^ 
mitof 

Mm.  Wbjtb:  Nothing.  If  tkero  is  ai^y  good  reason  why  tbe  InfMataua 
should  be  omitted,  we  can  send  it  to  the  sdiools  as  a  matter  of  edncatioa.  Psopls 
need  to  be  educated.  I  know  that  a  great  maiqr  of  tiio  s(Aodls  are  anzioos  to  git 
tiMit  kiad  of  docBBMnls.  I  know  that  the  s<koois  ars  askliig  for  them.  I  kaow 


CO-OPEBATION 


lial  thoBsands  of  pamphlets  in  regard  to  conservation  have  been  sent  to  the 
schools  that  haye  asked  for  them ;  and  this  is  very  important  as  showing  what  it 
will  cost  to  conserve,  and  as  showing  that  there  is  no  Trust,  that  we  have  to  have 
an  organization  of  some  kind  in  order  to  practice  conservation.  I  believe  that  it 
will  be  valuable  as  a  book  of  reference,  and  I  think  that  if  it  goes  to  the  legisla- 
tures that  there  are  lots  of  people  there  that  would  be  glad  of  just  this  informa- 
tion, and  that  it  might  head  off  a  whole  lot  of  bad  legislation. 

Mb.  Johnson:  For  reasons  which  it  is  unnecessary  to  state,  it  might  be 
advisable  not  to  distribute  that  document  so  freely  among  the  timber  producing 
states,  like  Arkansas  and  Louisiana,  Texas,  Washington,  Oregon,  and  possibly 
some  other  states;  for  instance,  on  account  of  taxes.  It  might  have  some  effect 
on  the  taxes  on  timberlands. 

President  Gbiggs  :  Before  we  get  into  too  much  discossion  on  this,  we  might 
defer  this  until  tomorrow,  and  I  will  report  to  the  Board  of  Governors  and  dise— 
as  to  exactly  what  shonld  be  done  with  this  report.  That  will  obviate  too  mock 
time  being  taken  np  now  discussing  it.  PerBonally  I  tiiink  that  we  cannot  got  oat 
too  mock  information  anyway.  If  that  is  agreeable,  it  wiU  be  so  ordered,  aad  we 
win  eontinne  the  program.  It  is  now  4:35. 

In  fiew  of  the  fact  that  Mr.  DeLsacx  has  already  q^oken,  we  will  now  bear 
from  the  Nortii  Carolina  Pine  Aasociatiim,  Mr.  Hortcm  Ckirwia,  Jr.,  of  Edenton, 
North  Gsiolina. 

Co-opersitioii 

BY  HOKTON  CORWIN,  JR.,  (WF  EDENTON,  N.  C 

Mr.  Ghaimiaii  and  Gentleiiieii:  It  was  not  my  purpose  to  enter 
into  or  to  try  to  deliver  any  extended  remarks  on  the  subject  of  "Co- 
operation." I  find  myself  now  suffering  so  much,  my  voice  troubling 
me,  that  I  will  not  be  able  to  make  an  address,  and  I  will  ask  the  Presi- 
dent if  he  will  excuse  me  for  only  confining  it  to  this  short  statement 

I  came  here  with  a  double  purpose.  I  have  been  very  much  bene- 
fited by  my  visit  here.  I  wanted  to  become  acquainted  particularly 
with  the  affiliated  associations  and  their  diicers — the  associations  work- 
ing upon  the  same  line,  and  that  are  affected  by  the  same  causes  as 
our  own  association. 

Going  back  for  a  year  and  a  half,  we  were  confronted  with  con- 
ditions that  made  it  necessary  for  us  to  face  about  if  we  expected  to 
aoooni{4ish  anything  in  the  work  of  the  industry  of  our  section.  The 
anti-tnist  law  had  frightened  our  membership  to  such  an  extent  that  we 
had  dwindled  down  until  we  had  but  very  few  members. 

We  immediately  set  to  work  and  readjusted  our  association,  work- 
ing upon  cooperation  and  upon  an  educational  plan,  through  which  we 
have  regained  our  strength;  and  I  think  today  that  our  little  faithful 


140       National  Lumbbr  Manufactubbrs'  A890Ciatk>n 


band  of  seventy-three  is  representative  of  a  larger  production  than  has 
heretofore  been  the  case  in  the  entire  existence  of  the  North  Carolina 
I^e  Association. 

I  expect  that  the  same  causes  have  affected  the  Yellow  Pine  asso- 
ckition.  I  have  not  the  figures  to  give  you,  but  Mr.  Keith  has ;  but  I 
can  say  to  you  this,  that  we  have  the  figures ;  and  I  found  that  at  that 
time,  covering  a  period  of  sixteen  years,  we  had  suffered  in  our  sec- 
tion depreciation  from  deterioration  of  our  timber  to  the  extent  of  $3 
per  thousand.  I  also  found  that  we  had  conditions  that  needed  adjust- 
ment, and  I  wanted  to  see  such  a  s{urit  of  cooperation  existing  between 
the  members  in  the  South  so  that  delegates  could  be  appointed  from 
one  association  to  the  other,  and  that  at  the  various  meetings  we  could 
absorb  the  best  features  of  each  in  the  upbuilding  and  uplifting  of  an 
industry  of  so  much  importance,  at  least  to  the  membership  of  the 
North  Carolina  Pine  Association,  which  comprises  the  states  of  Vir- 
ginia, North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina,  representing  in  its  mendber- 
ship  about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  million  feet  production ;  which  was 
in  exacdy  Oie  oonditkm  as  stated  by  Mr.  Keith,  that  while  he  repre- 
sents seven  hundred  and  fifty  million  feet,  the  combined  output  of  the 
three  states  is  about  two  billion  feet;  so  that  we  only  have  about  40 
per  cent  of  the  production  of  the  three  states  represented  in  our 
membership. 

I  am  very  sorry  that  my  conditicm  is  such  that  I  cannot  speak 
longer.  I  have  h^d  considerable  about  cost  I  wish  I  had  with  me 
the  figures  of  cost  which  would  demonstrate  that  in  sixteen  years  tiie 
manufacturers  of  our  section,  up  to  July  i  of  last  year,  have  been  re- 
ceiving for  their  product  no  more  money,  counting  the  additional  cost 
of  manufacture,  advance  in  stumpage,  and  deterioration  in  acreage, 
than  they  were  sixteen  years  ago. 

President  Griggs  :  We  will  next  hear  from  the  Michigan  Hard- 
wood Manufacturers*  AssodaticMi,  Mr.  Charles  A.  Bigebw»  President, 
Bay  aty,  Mich.  Mr.  Bruce  OdeU,  Chairman  of  its  Committee  on 
Trade  Reladons,  has  prepared  a  paper  on  the  subject  of  "Elements 
That  Make  a  Successful  Association."  We  will  be  very  glad  to  hear 
from  Mr.  Bruce  Odell. 


Elements  That  Make  a  Successful  Association 


BY  BRUCE  ODBLL,  OF  CADILXAC^  MICH. 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentlemen:  While  it  is  the  intent  of  this  ar- 
ticle to  deal  primarily  with  lumber  association  work,  the  same  rules 
and  principles  that  apply  to  lumber  associations  apply  equally  to  all 
trade  associations.  The  function  of  any  and  all  trade  associations  is 
to  be  of  benefit  or  render  a  valuable  service  to  the  association  members 
individually  and  collectively  and  the  success  of  any  association  is  meas- 
ured by  the  value  of  the  service  rendered  to  its  members.  This  mat- 
ter of  service  is  the  foundation,  the  very  life  of  any  association,  and 
widiottt  some  valuable  service  rendered  no  association  can  exist  very 
long.  It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  say  just  what  that  service  is  and  to 
measure  the  value  of  the  service  in  dollars  and  cents.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  a  service  may  be  rendered  that  cannot  be  measured  with  a  mcmey 
standard  of  value  and  yet  be  of  great  value  to  the  membership. 

ummoDS  OF  securing  association  benefits 

Granted  that  valuable  service  is  the  object  of  all  trade  associations, 
the  query  naturally  follows,  by  what  means  can  that  service  be  ren- 
dered? In  my  opinion  the  very  best  means  is  by  giving  information 

that  the  individual  member  may  not  have  acquired  or  have  the  facilities 
for  acquiring.  You  will  all  grant  that  the  life  of  any  manufacturer  is 
far  too  short  for  him  to  obtain  a  thorough  knowledge  of  his  business 
from  his  own  individual  experience.  Experience  is  a  good  teacher,  but 
a  mighty  slow  and  expendve  6ne,  and  if  one  depends  on  his  own  ex- 
perience exchisivdy  he  many  times  has  only  failure  from  which  to 
benefit.  There  should  exist  in  every  association,  and  does  exist  in 
every  really  successful  association,  a  feeling  of  mutual  benefit,  a  fcd- 
ing  in  each  member  that  makes  him  willing  to  give  the  other  members 
the  benefit  of  his  knowledge  and  experience.  This  information  may  be 
along  the  line  of  improved  economic  methods  of  manufacture,  better 
metibMMis  of  marketing,  information  as  to  stq^y  of  stock  and  market 
demand  and  in  hundreds  of  ways  too  numerous  to  mention.  Part  of 
this  informatbn  may  be  furnished  by  the  president,  the  secretary,  or 

141 


143        National  Lumbik  Makufactubbbs'  Association 


some  cotnmittcc,  but  each  individaal  member  should  be  ready  aad  will- 
ing to  do  his  individual  part. 

MANUFACTURING  ECONOMIES 

Economic  methods  of  manufacture  would  be  difficult  and  possibly 
tiresome  to  discuss  at  this  time,  as  this  is  one  of  the  many  elements  about 
which  the  most  valuable  information  is  often  obtained  through  the 
means  of  an  exchange  of  individual  experience,  an  exchange  often 
times  not  made  during  the  sessions  of  an  assodation  meeting  or  through 
any  r^^ularly  appointed  committee,  but  more  often  through  ikt  dis- 
cussion among  small  gatherings  of  two,  three,  five  or  more  members 
that  you  often  see  during  association  meetings.  These  talks  may  take 
place  at  luncheon,  between  sessions,  or  on  the  way  to  or  from  asso- 
ciation meetings.  The  manufacturer  is  indeed  a  dull  one  who  will  at- 
tend many  association  meetings  and  return  home  without  having  re- 
ceived or  imparted  some  useful  inf ormatiofi  pertaining  to  a  better  or 
more  eeonomkal  method  of  manu&icture. 

IGNORANT  OR  CARELESS  MARKETING 

We  must  all  admit,  and  do  admit,  that  an  article  must  be  well 
manufactured  and  economically  manufactured  in  order  to  yield  the 

most  profit,  but  it  is  equally  true  that  an  article  may  be  well  and  eco- 
nomically made  and  yet  yield  little  if  any  profit  through  ignorant  or  care- 
less methods  of  marketing.  I  have  made  the  statement,  and  can  prove  it. 
by  each  and  every  manufacturer  attending  this  meeting,  that  many  manu- 
facturers wffl  study  aad  wcMrk  to  the  limit  of  their  ability,  they  will  pay 
large  salaries  to  competent  woods  and  mill  superintendents,  thef  will 
urge  them  to  secure  more  and  better  work  frcmi  the  laborers  under 
them,  they  will  spend  thousands  of  dollars,  even  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars  for  railroads,  steam  loaders,  steam  skidders,  sawmills  and 
improved  machinery,  to  save  a  possible  fifteen  to  fifty  cents  per  thou- 
sand on  their  logging  bills,  ten  to  twenty-five  cents  per  thousand  on 
their  sawing  bills  and  possibly  a  few  cents  per  thousand  on  their  yuri- 
tng  and  handlii^  InUs,  and  then  detiberatdy  sacrifice  inm  one  to  five 
dollars  per  tixmsand  in  marketing  their  product  without  knowing  that 
they  have  done  so.  Two,  three,  five  or  even  ten  thousand  dollars  may 
not  seem  to  them,  or  may  not  be,  too  much  to  pay  a  manufacturing 
superintendent  for  looking  after  their  business  until  it  is  just  half 
done,  which  is  to  get  their  product  ready  to  market,  and  then  turn  it 


Elements  that  Make  a  Successful  Association 


143 


over  to  a  sixty  to  seventy-five  dollar  a  month  clerk  to  fini^,  which  is 
to  sen  it  Or  he  may  take  this  duty  upon  himself  as  a  sort  of  skk  line 
to  which  he  devotes  a  few  days  of  serious  thot^ht  once  or  twice  a  year. 

VALUE  OF  ASSOCIATION  IN  MARKETING  PRODUCT 

In  this  item  of  marketing  his  product  the  assodatkm  can  render 
a  service  to  the  manufacturer  that  he  cannot  perform  himself,  a  serv- 
ice that  he  will  not  get  from  sixty  to  seventy-five  dollar  a  month  clerks, 
a  service  he  cannot  purchase  even  through  the  means  of  high  salaried 
sales  managers.  This  service  need  not  be  rendered  by  the  association 
thiough  any  unlawful  comhinati(Mi  to  limit  producticm,  an  unlawful 
agreemoit  as  to  prices  or  hy  any  other  unlawful  means,  but  by  su^y- 
ing  the  manufacturer  witili  information  as  to  supply  and  demand  and 
general  market  conditions,  information  that  it  is  absolutely  impossible 
for  him  to  secure  for  himself,  information  that  cannot  be  supplied 
through  any  other  source. 

Members  of  the  Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association 
take  great  pride  in  the  fact  that  it  is  recognized  as  a  successful  asso- 
datkm, Hmt  it  is  accredited  with  renderiii^  much  vahiable  service  to 
its  members,  and  I  believe  diat  if  the  members  were  asked  to  luune  the 
specific  service  that  has  been  of  most  value  to  them  they  would  ¥rtth- 
out  exception  say  that  it  was  the  accurate  and  reliable  information  as 
to  supply  and  demand  and  general  market  condition  of  their  product. 
It  is  essential  that  each  individual  member  contribute  his  share  to  this 
fund  of  information  and  then  that  the  information  be  put  in  the  right 
form  and  proper  deducticms  made  so  as  to  be  readily  understood  by 
the  manufacturer  and  act  as  a  guide  to  him  in  manufacturii^  his  own 
product,  not  through  any  combination  or  agreement,  but  through  a 
positive  knowledge  of  actual  conditions. 

ORGANIZATION  AND  PURPOSE  OF  ASSOCIATION 

This  asspciation  was  organized  six  years  ago  in  about  the  same 
manner  and  for  about  the  same  avowed  purposes  as  most  other  asso- 
ciations, except  that  the  organizers  had  one  particular  definite  idea  in 
mind.  The  Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers  saw  their  supply  of 
Michigan  hard  maple  timber  diminishing  rapidly  and  the  maple  lumber 
selling  at  ridiculously  low  prices,  and  many  of  them  thought  that  the 
market  was  being  manipulated  to  their  disadvantage  and  toss.  M^di 
this  idea  uppermost  in  tiieir  minds  they  immediately  put  forth  efforts 


144       National  Luiin  Manufactoibbs'  Association 

to  get  definite,  accurate  and  reliable  information  as  to  the  amount  pro- 
duced, how  the  supply  compared  with  the  demand,  the  amocmt  of  slodc 
on  hand,  the  amount  sold  and  the  amount  unsold.  While  it  was  ex- 
pected that  this  information  would  come  through  the  organization,  it 
must  of  necessity  come  primarily  from  the  individual  manufacturer. 

STATISTICAL  INFORMATION  SBCUIED 

BUmk  forms  were  Immediately  sent  to  practically  every  manufac- 
turer In  Michigan  with  a  request  to  make  prompt  and  accurate  reports 

and  a  very  thorough  explanation  as  to  the  object  to  be  attained.  Re- 
ports were  obtained  from  nearly  all  of  the  manufacturers,  giving  all  the 
information  in  detail,  not  only  as  to  maple  but  all  of  the  other  north- 
em  hardwoods,  also.  These  reports  were  carefully  compiled  and  sent 
to  eadi  manufacturer  reportii^.  The  Information  given  appealed  to 
the  manufacturer  so  strongly  that  it  was  the  means  of  securing  mai^ 
members  that  we  had  not  been  able  to  reach  by  any  other  method.  It 
gave  the  manufacturer  information  he  had  never  had  before,  informa- 
tion he  could  not  secure  of  himself  alone,  information  he  could  obtain 
through  no  other  source  than  the  association. 

This  first  report  was  gotten  out  in  July  and  another  in  October, 
1906.  By  January  i,  1907,  we  had  gotten  a  more  definite  Idea  as  to 
just  what  form  of  report  would  give  us  the  most  useful  information, 
and  when  the  January  report  came  out  it  was  eagerly  sought  not  only 
by  the  manufacturer  but  by  the  wholesaler,  the  jobber,  the  retailer  and 
the  consuming  manufacturer  also,  all  of  whom  were  supplied  with  the 
quarterly  reports  long  enough  for  them  to  be  convinced  that  the  infor- 
mation was  absolutely  accurate  and  reliable. 

A  quotation  from  the  Secretary's  report  at  the  January,  1907,  meet- 
ing of  the  association  will  give  you  some  idea  of  the  scope  of  the  re- 
port. I  quote  as  follows : 

"Enclosed  herewith  you  will  find  the  first  annual  stock  report  of 
the  Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association,  or  perhaps  it 
would  be  more  correct  to  call  it  the  first  end  of  the  year  report,  as  it 
does  not  show  a  full  year,  owing  to  the  fact  that  our  assodatkm  was 
not  organized  until  July  13,  1906.  In  many  respects,  however,  it  Is 
an  annual  report  and  one  that  contaiils  information  that  will  be  of  bene- 
fit to  the  manufacturer,  the  wholesaler,  the  jobber,  and  the  consumer. 

"You  will  find  on  a  careful  study  of  the  report  that  it  contains  more 
complete  and  accurate  information  in  regard  tQ  the  hardwood  situation 


Elbmbnts  that  Make  a  Successful  Association  145 

In  Michigan  than  any  other  report  yet  furnished  the  nanufocturer. 
More  complete  because  it  probably  represents  80  to  85  per  cent  of  all 

the  hardwood  lumber  cut  in  Michigan,  shows  the  amount  of  each  kind 
of  hardwood  cut  during  the  year  1906,  the  amount  of  stock  on  hand  * 
January  i,  1907,  the  amount  of  unfilled  orders  for  1906  stock,  and  the 
amount  of  the  1906  cut  remaining  at  the  mill  unsold;  also  the  amount 
of  orders  boc^ced  January  i,  1907,  to  be  furnished  f rp^  stock  to  be  cut 
during  the  year  1907.  You  wHl  note  In  the  report  of  the  amoimt  of 
stock  on  hand  and  unfilled  orders  that  it  shows  the  different  sizes  and 
grades  of  each  kind  of  hardwood,  information  that  probably  no  other 
general  report  has  contained. 

"It  is  more  accurate  because  it  was  made  at  the  end  of  the  year 
when  every  manufacturer  had  a  complete  inventory  of  his  stock  and 
could  furnish  actual  figures  Instead  of  estimates.  Probably  mote  ac- 
curate than  any  other  general  report  for  the  further  reason  that  it  is  a 
report  In  whidi  every  manufactuirer  reporting  f eeb  that  he  has  a  per- 
sonal interest" 

PEBSONAL  interest  largely  responsible  for  SUCCESS 

That  feeling  of  persmial  interest  and  that  he  is  an  individual  part 
of  ^  association  has  contributed  no  small  part  to  our  success.  As 

evidence  of  that  feeling  I  cite  the  fact  that  most  of  our  quarterly  stock 
reports  contain  complete  reports  from  every  member  of  the  associa- 
tion and  that  it  is  very  seldom  that  more  than  one  or  two  reports  are 
missing.  As  evidence  of  the  careful  accuracy  of  the  reports,  the  an- 
nual estimate  of  January  i,  showing  the  estimated  amount  to  be  cut 
during  the  succeeding  year,  seldom  varies  more  than  5  per  cent  from  the 
amount  actually  cut,  and  sometimes  the  actual  cut  is  within  i  or  2  per 
cent  of  the  estimated  cut.  Stock  reports,  be  they  ever  so  accurate,  often 
mean  but  little  unless  we  have  something  by  which  to  compare  them. 
For  this  reason  the  older  our  association  grows  the  more  valuable  are 
its  stock  reports.  Take  for  instance,  extracts  from  the  January,  1912, 
repent  of  our  Maricet  Conditiona  Committee  In  r^rd  to  Na  3  common 
northern  hardwood  among  monbers  of  our  assodatkm.  I  quote  as 
follows : 

"A  comparison  of  the  total  stock  of  No.  3  common  hardwood  on 
hand  is  as  follows : 

January  i,  1909,  fifty  millions. 
January  i,  19101  seventy-four  millaons. 


146       National  Lumber  Manufacturers*  Association 


January  i,  1911,  seventy-two  millions. 

January  i,  1913,  forty-four  millions,  the  smallest  stock  since  1908, 
and  a  comparison  of  the  amount  of  stock  unsold  shows  even  more  pro- 
nounced differences,  the  total  amount  ol  unsold  stock  for  the  dif- 
ferent years  being  ts  fdlows: 

''For  January  I,  190^  twen^Nwe  rnOUons;  1909,  thirty  milUops; 
1910,  forty-three  millions;  191 1,  forty-two  nuUiofis;  191a,  seventeen 
millions,  the  smallest  stock  of  No.  3  common  remaining  in  6ie  hands 
of  manufacturers  unsold  in  the  history  of  the  industry  except  in  the 
year  1907,  a  year  that  none  of  us  expect  to  see  repeated." 

With  the  subject  shown  up  in  this  way  by  facts  and  figures  in 


fidence,  is  it  necessary  to  form 


which  every 
any 


iber  has  the  fullest 

In  restximt  of  trade  or  even  tdl  the  manufacturer  that 
he  can  get  better  prices  for  his  No.  3  common  hardwood?  The  whole- 
saler and  consumer  may  make  the  statement  that  the  woods  are  full  of 

it  and  that  they  can  get  all  they  want  at  the  same  old  price,  but  if  the 
manufacturer  has  full  confidence  in  the  accuracy  of  the  association 
reports,  how  much  is  he  influenced  by  the  statements  of  the  wholesaler 
and  consumer?  As  a  matter  of  fact,  many  of  the  wholesalers  and  con- 
sumers have  as  much  confidence  in  our  reports  as  we  have  ourselves. 

Having  these  stodc  reports  and  Market  Conditioos  Committee 
reports  as  a  nucleus  from  which  to  work,  our  assodatioo  has  readied 
out  for  the  other  things  that  may  in  any  way  prove  of  value  to  its 
members,  covering  hemlock  lumber,  hemlock  bark,  rules  for  grading 
hemlock,  uniform  sales  customs,  recommendations  to  the  National 
Grading  Association  of  desired  changes  in  the  rules  for  grading  north- 


tioii,  and  many  other  details  too  n 
always  have  been  atong  the  line  of 


IS  to 


Our  effOTts 
and  informatkm  and 


to  get  the  members  to  report  and  attend  meetings. 


MBNEFIT  DERIVED  FROM  ASSOCIATION  MEETINGS 


The  matter  of  attendance  is  an  important  and  necessary  one,  as 
no  SMmber  can  secure  the  ftdl  benefit  of  an  as80ciati<m  without  attend- 
ing the  meetings  and  takmg  an  active  part  m  Hban.  You  may  have 
an  able  President,  an  efficient  Secretary  and  good  committees,  but  Ae 

real  work  of  an  association  must  be  done  by  the  individual  members. 
The  Secretary  may  render  a  very  complete  detailed  report  of  the 
meeting,  but  there  is  a  something,  call  it  spirit  or  what  you  will,  in 


EuMwm  TBAT  Maxb  a  SuccBSsruL  AssociATioK  147 

association  work  that  no  Secretary  can  catch  and  report  and  the  mem- 
ber who  stays  at  home  misses  all  of  this.  In  fact,  a  member  will  secure 
benefit  from  association  work  just  in  proportion  to  the  part  he  takes 
in  the  work  and  the  service  he  renders  the  association.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact  that  the  bulk  of  association  work  nearly  always  falls  to 
the  lot  of  a  few  earnest  woiicers,  but  they  seldom  complain  for  the 
leasoD  that  the  extra  work  th^  do  gives  them  an  in^glit  into  the 
fttieral  worldngs  of  Ae  assodatkm  and  tiiey  denve  a  benefit  that  the 
^stay-at-homers"  can  never  attain.  You  will  nearly  always  find  the 
'*knockers"  among  the  members  who  seldom  attend  meetings. 

There  should  be  a  sort  of  unwritten  law  in  all  associations, 
"Boost  if  you  can,  but  if  you  can't  boost,  don't  knock."  There  really 
is  no  room  for  a  knocker  in  any  association,  he  belongs  on  the  outside 
aad  Uie  sooner  you  get  hhn  tiiere  the  better  it  is  for  your  assodatkm. 

AflaOOATlON  EFKMtT  SHOULD  BB  CONCBMTRAnD 

If  I  were  asked  to  criticise  most  associations,  I  should  criticise 
along  the  line  of  undertaking  too  much,  getting  too  many  irons  in 
the  fire,  dropping  things  unfinished  and  having  too  many  loose  ends 
to  gather  in.  These  things  are  just  as  undesirable  from  an  association 
sl»idpoint  as  from  the  standpcunt  of  an  individual  business. 

It  is  necessary  of  coiu:se  to  have  a  good  executhre  at  the  head 
ci  an  associafkm  as  Prendent  He  shoukl  not  be  selected  from  die 
standpoint  of  his  personal  popularity,  the  size  of  his  purse,  the  mag- 
nitude of  his  business,  because  he  is  next  in  his  line,  because  of  a 
desire  to  convey  an  honor  upon  him  or  for  any  reason  other  than 
his  qualifications  to  make  him  a  successful  head  or  leader  ior  your 
association. 

A  paki  Secretary  is  necessary,  one  selected  for  his  atuUty  to  do 
die  dctafl  work,  one  with  some  mitiative,  if  he  can  be  secured,  and 
it  should  be  his  duty  to  gather  all  the  information  possible  that  may 
in  any  way  be  of  service  or  benefit  to  the  association.  This  infor- 
mation should  then  be  compiled  and  condensed  in  a  comprehensive 
manner  for  the  use  of  the  officers  and  committees.  I  do  not  think 
he  should  make  deductions  or  draw  amdusions  from  this  informap 
tion,  as  that  is  tint  functka  of  the  committees  sdected  for  that  especial 
purpose  and  for  that  reason  diey  probably  are  better  qualified  to  do  so. 

Members  of  the  different  committees  should  be  selected  with  a 
view  to  their  qualifications  along  the  line  of  work  on  which  they  are 


I4B       National  Luxmt  Manotactuuis'  AssooAiioir 

to  ftport,  men  who  trt  eamest,  persbtent,  coniistcnt  woftos»  moi 

of  good  judgment  whom  you  know  are  finishers.  Committees  should 
meet  long  enough  in  advance  of  the  association  meetings  so  as  to 
have  time  to  study  their  subjects  thoroughly  and  deliberately  and  then 
rq^ort  the  same  in  a  forceful  intelligent  manner  to  the  association. 
Be  not  hasty  m  criticising  or  amendmg  the  reports  of  the  com- 
limy  OKiiidhmt  hid  won 
have  been  more  deliberate  in  reachti^  a  conchision  for  theur  report 
than  it  is  possible  for  you  in  the  course  of  the  meeting.  Most  associa- 
tion work  should  be  done  through  the  different  committees,  as,  accord- 
ing to  the  old  saying,  "Large  bodies  move  slowly,"  to  which  should 
be  added,  ''and  seldom  accomplish  much."  So  many  times  in  a  meeting 
ol  a  kffe  mmher  of  members  the  disoission  b  so  long  drawn  out  that 
everyone  beoooMS  weary  and  impatient  and  finally  adopt  tomethtog 
to  bring  the  discnsskm  to  an  end  and  in  this  way  often  commit  the 
whole  membership  to  some  fool  thing  that  not  one  of  them  would  favor 
after  a  careful,  deliberate  study  of  the  subject,  such  as  would  ordinarily 
be  given  it  by  the  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

mmun  should  not  bb  too  uvbbsifiid 

The  membersfa^  of  aa  assocsatioo  shocdd  not  be  so  numerous,  or 
tfie  territory  of  interest  so  large  as  to  mate  tiie  asaodatkm  cumbersome 
or  the  interests  too  diversified.  Nor  should  the  membership  be  so  few 

or  the  territory  of  interest  so  small  as  to  make  the  expense  burden* 
some  to  the  membership  or  the  unit  of  interest  too  small.  A  lumber 
association  should  cover  a  territory  of  considerable  magnitude,  if 
posiiUe  to  do  so^  and  have  each  member  producing  about  the  same 
khMis  of  honber  so  as  to  have  a  membership  of  practically  identical 
imerests.  If  organized  in  dut  yny  wliatever  is  of  inlereft  or  benefit 
to  any  one  member  is  of  equal  interest  or  benefit  to  cadi  and  all  of  tte 
other  members  and  insures  harmonious  work. 

In  conclusion,  I  can  say  that  successful  association  work  must 
be  conducted  along  the  same  lines  as  a  successful  business.  It  must 
he  Mr,  honest,  earnest,  industrious  and  resourceful  in  efforts  to 
improve  metiiocb  and  conditions.  [Applause.] 

PmmBirr  Quoca:  Mr.  B^pdow  said  that  this  man  was  a 
'*crackerjack"  and  I  want  to  say  that  he  lives  up  to  his  rqmlation. 
You  have  certainly  given  us  a  paper  that  does  you  credit 

We  are  pretty  nearly  on  schedule  time  and  it  will  not  take  loi^ 


Elsmbnts  that  Makb  a  Successful  Association  149 

to  hear  the  last  address,  with  which  we  will  be  favored  by  Mr.  J.  B. 
Conrad,  of  Glenwood,  Fla.,  President  of  the  Georgia-Florida  Saw 
Mill  Association.  Mr.  Conrad,  we  wffl  he  glad  to  hear  firom  yoo. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Conrad,  Glenwood,  Fla.:  Mr.  Chairman  and  Gentle- 
men: We  had  expected  one  of  our  representatives  to  present  to  you 
here  a  report  today.  There  are  none  of  the  rest  of  us  that  had  any 
expectation  of  appearing  here  to  address  you,  and  therefore  we  are 
unprq>ared.  Our  association  is  entirely  of  yellow  pine  people.  I 
presume  that  most  of  you  know  tiie  conditkms  under  which  we  have 
bbcM^  tfus  year  with  water.  The  output  of  our  association  member- 
ship is  about  170,000,000  feet  less  than  it  was  a  year  ago.  The  rains 
still  continue.  I  hope  you  will  excuse  me  from  any  further  report,  as 
I  did  not  expect  to  make  one.    I  thank  you  all  for  your  attention. 

No  further  business  offering  at  this  time»  the  Convention  ad- 
journed until  9:30  a.  m.,  Wednesday,  May  8. 


THIRD  SESSION 


WcdBMdagr  F^miooii,  liqr  %,  1913 

Tlie  Conveiitioii  met  pnrtuanl  to  adjoammciit,  PMidcnt  Grigp 
in  the  chair. 

President  Griggs:  At  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  GoiveniofB 
this  morning  it  was  decided  that  we  would  endeavor  to  carry  the 
proceedings  of  this  session  through  to  completion  before  1 130  p.  m., 
rather  than  to  adjourn  for  an  afternoon  session,  the  Board  feeling 
the  nemdty  of  lioldiQg  an  executive  sesskm  tfiis  aftcmooiit  and  on 
^r  part  believii^  ^t  it  wocdd  be  the  better  mgr  to  con^lele  the 
proceedings  at  this  session. 

I  am  going  to  call  on  the  President  of  the  Yellow  Pine  Manu- 
facturers' Association,  Mr.  Samuel  J.  Carpenter,  of  Winnfield,  La., 
to  address  us  on  the  subject  of  ''Adverse  Conditions  Affecting  the 
IiMhistry." 


m 

IJJ 

1^ 

Adverse  Conditions  Affecting  the  Lumber  Industry 

BY  SAMUEL  J.  CARPENTER,  WINNFI£LD«  LA. 

The  student  of  adverse  conditions  affecting  the  lumber  industry 
at  the  present  tone  soon  reaHaei  that  many  of  the  vicissitudes  throu^^ 
whidi  we  have  passed  in  recent  years  have  been  hur^dy  00  aoooont 
of  the  lade  of  ooUe^ve  cooperation  on  the  part  of  the  producers  and 

sellers  of  lumber. 

We  protest  vigorously  against  vicious  legislation,  against  com- 
petition from  substitutes  for  wood,  and  other  influences  beyond  our 
control,  and  we  sit  supinely  by,  tmdertaking  to  satisfy  ourselves  and 
our  stockhdders  with  the  thoi^ht  that  we  are  conducting  our  bosineis 
with  ability  and  efficiency,  buoyed  up  by  ^  hope  that  at  aome  future 
time,  possibly  after  30  per  cent  to  40  per  cent  of  preaent  ataadfaig 
timber  has  been  exhausted,  we  will  be  able  to  realize  enough  for 
our  product  to  overcome  present  losses  and  justify  our  investment 
This  view  of  the  situation,  however,  does  not  satisfy  alL 


NECESSITY  OF  Ca-OPBRATION 


An  increasmg  number  of  harmful  practket  in  methods  and  ethics 
and  many  known  evils  are  allowed  to  exist  and  multiply  because  tiiere 

is  not  united,  cooperative  attention  given  tiiem,  aiul  cdlectively  ^tuey 

150 


Adverse  Conditions  in  Lumber  Manufacturb  151 


greatly  reduce  the  price  the  lumber  manufacturer  must  receive  for 
his  product  in  order  to  pay  his  workmen  living  wages  and  to  return 
to  his  shareholders  interest  on  capital  invested. 

Cooperation  can  only  be  forged  into  an  effective  force  through 
some  dtdy  organised  body  with  tiie  necessary  mechanism  for  getting 
results. 

Speaking  of  the  Yellow  Pine  industry,  with  whidi  I  am  somewhat 

familiar,  of  679  large  manufacturers  of  yellow  pine  lumber  in  the 
South,  only  259  are  members  of  the  Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers' 
Association.  And  only  106  mills  are  represented  in  the  membership 
of  the  Southern  Lumber  Operators'  Association;  cypress  and  hard- 
wood manufacturers  bong  etigible,  as  well  as  yellow  pine.  . 

A  SPECIFIC  OBJECT  LESSON 

In  spite  of  the  lack  of  cooperation  by  a  majority  of  the  southern 
mills,  the  Operators'  association  have  during  the  past  twelve  months, 
given  an  object  lesson  in  the  efficacy  of  oo^>eration  that  should  insti- 
gate serious  thought  It  has  been  said  by  a  gentleman  of  large  ex- 
perience that  its  achievements  are  without  parallel  in  industrial  history. 
A  great  service  has  been  performed  and  the  woric  is  still  being,  carried 
on,  and  never  before  has  such  a  contribution  of  valuable  time  been 
called  for  and  freely  given. 

It  would  have  been  impossible  to  have  secured  results  by  individual 
efforts.  If  this  association  ultimately  fails  to  accon^ish  all  of  its 
purposes,  it  will  not  be  on  account  of  lack  of  harmonious  cooperation 
on  the  part  of  its  members,  but  win  be  because  its  membership  does 
not  include  all  manufacturers  of  southern  Itunber. 

evils  ARE  OF  NATIONAL  SCOPE 

I  bespeak  for  this  association  the  serious  oonskleration  of  aU 
southern  milhnen.  The  eWb  timt  threaten  our  u^ustry  from  an 
operating  standpdnt  are  not  local  in  their  character.  If  they  are  not 

firmly  met  and  discouraged  at  their  inception,  they  would  soon,  with 
gathering  strength  and  momentum,  involve  the  entire  producing  terri- 
tory and  create  a  condition  that  would  be  intolerable,  and  result  in 
destroying  the  integrity  of  the  industry. 

Any  mill  owner  or  any  board  of  directors  who  aUow  their 
executive  officers  to  wtthbold  support  and  oodperatioo  from  tfie  Souiii- 


15a        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

ern  Lumber  Operators'  Association  are  doing  the  industry,  themselves, 
their  employees  and  capital  invested  with  them  an  irreparable  injury. 

In  selling  lumber  also  we  are  drifting  into  tinbusinesslike  methods ; 
each  individual  distributer  fully  realizes  that  certain  methods  are  wrong, 
hat  coQtiniies  because  ethers  do  it  I  refer  to  terms  of  payment,  spe- 
c»l  milling  of  lumber  without  the  cost  added,  etc.,  with  wMch  you  are 
all  familiar. 

There  may  have  been  temporary  advantages  in  securing  orders  to 
the  one  who  inaugurated  this  custom,  but  it  is  of  short  duration,  as  his 
competitors  wUl  sell  their  lumber  eventually,  even  meeting  these  con- 
ditions, if  necessary,  and  the  result  is  that  all  lumber  is  marketed  on  a 
lower  basis. 

MANUFACTURERS  UNABLE  TO  SHOW  PROFIT  OK  INVESTMENT 

The  manufacturer  of  yellow  pine  lumber  in  the  South  has  not  been 
able,  in  recent  years,  under  a  correct  system  of  accounting,  to  show  a 
profit  on  his  investment.  Various  explanations  are  made  for  this  con- 
dition. The  opinion  most  frequently  heard  is  that  the  politicians  who 
have  been  maldng  our  laws,  state  aiul  national,  in  their  zeal  to  cnrb  the 
trust  and  destroy  monopoly,  have  repealed  the  necessary  laws  of  trade, 
and  forced  the  lumber  manufacturer  into  destructive  competition. 

Several  bills  have  been  filed  with  the  Senate  Committee  on  Inter- 
state Commerce  seeking  to  create  an  Interstate  Trade  Commission. 
All  trade  agreements  affecting  prices  and  output  are  to  be  filed  with  this 
Commission,  who  would  render  an  ofnnion,  in  advance  of  action,  as  to 
whether  or  not  the  trade  agreement  sidimitted  fay  reascm  of  its  charac- 
ter and  tendency  restrained  competition  so  mwDh  or  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  constitute  restraint  of  trade.  It  is  thought  that  this  idea,  in 
some  form,  would  be  enacted  into  law. 

It  is  a  conceded  fact  by  students  of  economics  and  forestry  that 
the  interest  of  the  people  as  a  whole,  as  well  as  those  who  will  live 
alter  m,  would  be  best  conserved  by  utilizing  the  present  timber  supply 
to  the  fullest  extent,  which  would  mean  that  &e  present  generation 
should  not  be  allowed  to  sever  from  tiie  soil  only  a  sufficient  amount 
of  timber  to  supply  the  existing  demand,  and  should  be  compelled  to 
manufacture  into  lumber  all  parts  of  the  tree,  for  which  uses  can  be 
found.  In  order  to  do  this,  they  must  be  able  to  realize  enough  for  the 
low  grade  lumber  to  pay  the  cost  of  production. 

At  the  fM-esent  time  tnanufocturers  are  leaving  in  the  woods  to  rot 


Adverse  Conditions  in  Lumber  Manufactuib  153 


or  to  be  consumed  hy  fire,  two  or  three  tiiousand  feet  of  logs  on  every 
acre  of  ground  cut  over  that  would  make  lumber  that  could  be  tttiliied 

for  many  purposes,  but  cannot  be  manufactured  and  marketed  except  at 
a  loss  at  prevailing  prices.  It  is  not  an  economic  waste  to  abandon  raw 
material  that  can  oxdy  be  manufactured  into  a  useful  article  at  a  finan- 
cial loss. 

The  theory  that  the  timber  mpglfy  of  the  United  States  will  be 
conserved  by  opening  the  maricets  to  competition  wi^  free  Ittmber 
from  Canada  is  a  fallacy.  Low  grade  lumber  moving  by  water  can  be 

put  in  our  lake  ports  on  a  very  low  freight  rate. 

The  yellow  pine  manufacturer  cannot  pay  the  railroad  companies 
$6xx>  to  $7.00  per  thousand  feet  for  transportation  on  his  low  grade 
lumber  ami  meet  this  competition ;  consequently,  as  he  has  no  market 
for  his  low  grade  lumber  at  a  price  eqpial  to  the  cost  of  prodocb^  it, 
he  is  compelled  to  leave  in  0ie  woods  a  part  of  every  tree. 

Every  existing  saw  mill  operation  cuts  over  a  given  area  of  tiniber 
land  every  year  to  secure  its  log  supply.  By  reason  of  his  having  no 
remunerative  market  for  his  low  grade  lumber  the  manufacturer  can 
only  utilize  the  choice  logs  from  the  tree,  leaving  in  the  woods  to  be 
destroyed  the  top  logs  and  all  those  showing  serious  defect,  and  con- 
sequently, in  order  to  supply  his  mill  with  logs,  must  cut  over  a  larger 
area  every  year  than  he  would  if  all  the  tree  could  he  profital^  used. 
This  condition  is  the  most  serious  blow  conservation  has  recdved. 

INTERSTATE  TRADE  COMMISSION  PROPOSED 

It  is  to  be  taken  for  granted  that  a  Trade  Commission,  created  for 
the  purpose  of  passing  on  trade  agreements  as  to  prices  and  oitfpitt, 
would  look  with  favor  on  an  agreement  betweoi  manufacturer  of 

lumber  to  restrict  the  output  of  lumber  to  tfie  actual  needs  of  the 
country,  and  to  leave  standing  in  the  tree  any  surplus  rather  than  to 
have  such  surplus  cut  into  lumber  and  rot  in  the  pile. 

It  would  also  undoubtedly  favor  a  trade  agreement  establishing 
values  for  lumber  that  would  enahle  the  manufacturer  to  market  k>w 
grade  lumber.  In  no  other  way  can  cooservatkm  of  our  timbor  supply 
be  practiced.  If  given  the  right  to  make  a  trade  agreement  as  to  prices 
and  output,  would  the  lumber  manufacturers  voluntarily  and  in  good 
faith  make  and  keep  such  agreements?  Past  experience  would  indi- 
cate that  they  would  not. 

The  woeful  huck  of  cooperatkm  among  die  manufacturers  of 


154       National  Lumber  Manufactursss'  AasociATioir 


lumber  is  the  most  discouraginsT  factor  in  forecasting  betterment  of 
conditions.  It  is  a  regrettable  fact  that  comparatively  only  a  small 
percentage  of  those  engaged  in  the  industry  are  active  members  of 
the  various  lumber  asaodatioiis.  Some  of  the  greatest  minds  and  most 
able  men,  for  one  reaaon  or  aaodier,  are  not  affiliated  and  they  are 
•o  sadly  needed. 

None  of  the  reasons  I  have  heard  for  Ms  lack  of  cooperation 
are,  from  my  point  of  view,  convincing.  If  the  association  has  faults, 
and  is  not  producing  desired  results,  it  should  be  corrected,  and  it 
seems  to  me  that  the  right  course  to  pursue  would  be  to  become 
identified  and  take  part  in  conducting  it9  affairs  along  lines  of  coopera- 
tive constructive  accomplishment.  It  is  tme  that  on  account  of  existing 
lawsy  the  activities  of  the  association  are  neoessariiy  Umtted,  but  it  does 
perform  many  useful  fonctkms,  and  it  is  only  the  lade  of  co6peratk» 
of  all  manufactnrers  that  it  does  not  attain  its  full  measure  of  useful- 
nw  to  the  industry. 

All  of  the  trouble  we  have  had  in  the  past  and  are  experiencing 
at  the  present  time  is  not  entirely  the  result  of  prohibitory  laws  against 
trade  agreements  as  to  ou^mt  and  prices. 

The  creation  of  an  Interstate  Trade  Commisnon,  or  some  such 
body,  and  the  willingness  of  it  to  approve  all  sudi  trade  agreements 
as  to  output  and  prices  as  would  be  for  the  best  interest  of  all  of 
the  people  would  not,  of  itself,  be  a  panacea  for  the  blight  that  has 
fallen  on  the  lumber  industry,  and  would  avail  naught  except  insofar 
as  the  lumber  manufacturers  by  collective  cooperation  took  advantage 
of  this  privilege,  and  it  is  not  at  all  unreamable  to  fear  that  the 
lumber  manufacturers  would  not  voluntarily  enter  into  such  an  agree- 
ment and  faithfully  adhere  to  its  protisioos  if  tiiey  could  lawfully 
do  aa  One  is  fomd  to  tlds  eondusion  not  only  by  a  study  of  the 
history  of  the  lumber  business,  but  also  by  an  examination  of  the 
present  conditions. 


STANDAID  SIZES  AMD  UKXIOEM  GSADBS  AlB  NBCESSAEY 


Every  manufacturer  of  lumber,  I  venture  to  say,  reeogniaes  tiie 
absolute  necessity  of  estabtidiing  and  maintaining  standard  sizes  and 

uniform  grades.  In  no  other  way  can  large  volumes  of  lumber  be 
marketed.  It  would  be  impossible  to  think  of  returning  to  the  chaotic 
condition  that  obtained  prior  to  the  organization  of  the  White  Pine 
Manufacturers'  Association,  and  the  creation  of  a  bureau  of  uniform 


AfiVSBSE  CONOZTIQNS  IN  LUMBER  MANUFACTOin^  ZSS 

grades  and  standard  siies.  Before  this  tunc,  as  many  of  you  wH 
remember,  the  nomenclature  describing  different  classes  of  lumber 
had  no  real  meaning,  and  the  intrinsic  value  of  a  given  class  of  lumber 
varied  at  eadi  produdqg  point 

It  was  customary  for  the  hnnber  bi^er  to  visit  the  producing 
mtflcet  10  make  his  purdiases,  and  to  personally  inspect  the  grades  oi 
lumber  established  by  each  mill,  and  the  kwest  |rioe  quoted  for  a 
given  grade  did  not  always  indicate  the  best  vahie.  The  consuming 
market  was  much  nearer  the  source  of  supply  at  that  time,  but  as 
the  producing  territory  is  farther  removed  now,  it  increases  the  benefit 
of  established  standard  sizes  and  uniform  grades  to  both  buyer  and 

setter.  . 

Pnctically  all  sales  of  yeUow  pine  lumber  are  made  on  the  basis 
of  sizes  and  grades  established  and  muirtalned  by  the  YeUow  Fiat 
Manufacturers'  Association,  and  all  disputes  are  setded  on  thb  basis, 

and  the  buyer  has  no  need  to  give  thought  to  the  quality  of  tlie 
lumber  in  considering  prices,  as  he  knows  he  will  get  from  any  asso- 
fiat^  mill  as  near  the  same  grade  as  it  is  possible  for  different 
men,  woridng  muier  the  same  instructk»s»  to  make  it  This  work  can 
only  be  canrkd  on  by  an  association. 

ovmkATum  <m  GiAmKG  and  xNancnoN  buibau 

It  is  necessary,  from  time  to  time,  to  change  the  grading  rules 
to  meet  dumging  conditions,  and  as  new  uses  for  lumber  are  found, 
as  for  instance  silo  stodc,  wood  paving  bkxto,  etc,  it  is  necessary 
to  establish  standard  sizes  and  spedficatkms  covering  the  various 
grades.  The  association  is  performing  this  duty  as  occasion  requires. 

The  Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers*  Association  has  a  large  force 
of  trained  injectors,  directed  by  a  chief  inspector,  visiting  the  mills, 
edncati^  the  graders,  and  seeing  to  it  that  a  uniform  standard  is 
maiiitanied.  The  Ydlow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  ei^ends 
about  $35,000  per  year  for  this  service,  and  it  is  worth  it 

FEW  BEAR  THE  EXPBMSE— ALL  SHAIB  THE  WtNlWiTS 

Yet  tiiis  escpense,  the  benefits  of  irfikb  all  manufacturers  of  ydlow 
pine  share,  is  borne  by  the  members  of  the  Ydkyw  Kne  Manufacturers' 
Association  alone.  Not  one  of  the  non-contributing  manufacturers 
would  like  to  sec  this  bureau  abolished.  They  would  rightly  consider 
it  a  great  calamityt  but  are  apparently  perfectly  willing  to  aUow 


156       National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


their  neighbors  to  spend  the  necessary  time  and  money  to  provide 
this  facility  for  them. 

In  this  connection  there  is  another  serious  side  of  this  qnestton. 
As  stated  before,  practically  all  yellow  pine  Ivacbct  is  sold  on  assodi- 
tiongnuks.  The  nMintifacHtttr  who  docs  not  belong  to  Ae  association 
uses  tlie  assodatioo  gauges  for  sixes  and  its  rules  for  inspection 
and  undertakes  to  have  his  head  grader  competent  to  maintain  associa- 
tion grades ;  but,  by  reason  of  not  having  a  regular  review  of  his  stock 
by  a  trained  association  inspector  at  regular  intervals,  who  is  constantly 
visiting  and  inspecting  his  competitors'  stock,  and  whose  bunness  it 
is  to  pcMnt  out  errors  either  of  manufacture  or  grading,  or  by  reason 
of  ifeqnent  diai^;es  in  employees,  his  grades,  in  time,  lack  unifonnity, 
and  tile  eaq)erienoe  of  the  association  has  been  that  these  stocks  are 
«ery  apt  to  average  better  than  association  grades.  They  can  not  be 
oelow  grades  without  bringing  complaint  from  the  buyer,  while  the 
buyer  would  not  be  likely  to  complain  if  he  received  a  little  better 
grades  than  he  expected. 

The  manulactnier  who  does  not  bek»g  to  the  association,  but 
leels  oonMtxA  that  he  is  correctly  grading  his  htietcr  because  it 
seems  to  please  his  customers  is  in  a  very  dangerous  position,  and 
may  be  giving  away  every  year  thousands  of  dollars  in  furnishing 
better  lumber  than  he  gets  paid  for,  and  it  would  be  money  well 
expended  to  pay  association  dues  and  have  the  benefit  of  disinterested 
expert  inspection  from  time  to  time. 

While  this  may  seem  to  be  only  a  matter  in  which  the  shipper  of 
hm^  above  grade  is  interested,  and  that  if  he  chooses  to  give 
away  somedm^  and  not  receive  pay  for  it,  the  loss  is  from  his  own 
podcet,  sudi  is  not  the  case.  It  affects  every  manufacturer  and 
shipper  of  lumber,  and  even  the  intelligent  retail  dealer  knows  that 
he  is  not  really  benefited  by  receiving  an  occasional  car  of  lumber 
better  than  grade.  He  would  rather  have  a  uniform  grade  at  all 
times.  He  cannot  satisfy  his  trade  if,  after  having  sold  lumber  for 
a  spcQ&c  purpose  tiiat  is  of  a  better  quality  than  it  dhould  have  been 
for  the  price  received,  he  filb  the  next  requisitkm  for  die  same 
material  witii  regular  stodc. 

Thus  we  see  that  the  lumber  manufacturer  who  is  not  affiliated 
with  the  association  and  contributing  his  pro  rata  of  the  expense  is  not 
only  getting  a  free  ride  but  he  is  dragging  his  feet. 

I  wish  to  call  attention  of  the  members  of  the  assodatkm  to  the 
^  th«t  posstUy  tfa^  have  not  derived  as  uracil  profit  ftxim  their  invest- 


AumsK  CoimiTKnrs  in  Luaon  Manufactuib  157 


ment  in  association  dues  as  they  would  have  had  they  carefully  studied 
tiie  infonnatkm  sent  out  by  the  Secretary.  The  association  prqiares  a 
lot  of  valuable  reports  and  statistics.  Its  members  are  aocnntdy 
formed  of  conditions  affecting  our  industry.  We  are  told  the  ratio  of 

cut  to  shipments  for  any  given  month ;  comparative  statement  of  stocks 
in  the  hands  of  manufacturers  and  other  information  of  like  nature  that, 
if  acted  npoa,  would  be  a  large  factor  in  determining  values.  It  re- 
quires an  eaqpenme  organisation  to  collect  this  information. 

You  are  paying  for  same  in  the  form  of  assodatbn  dues,  and  it 
wocdd  seem  to  be  good  business  to  utilize  this  information  to  the 
fullest  extent  to  the  end  that  your  expenditure  for  association  dues  may 
pay  dividends.  Such  information  should  be  scrutinized  as  carefully  as 
your  balance  sheet,  for  that  is  precisdy  the  place  where  it  will  ultimatdy 
be  recorded. 

Keep  ccxistantly  in  nund  that  success  is  only  a  synonym  for  "bemg 
prepared/'  and  that  anticipating  conditkms  is  merdy  ascertaming  wiH^ 

seed  is  now  being  sown.  [Applause.] 

President  Griggs:  I  have  a  telegram  of  regret  from  Mr.  Robert 
H.  Downman,  who  was  to  represent  Mr.  Frederic  Wilbert,  president  of 
the  Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association,  Plaquemine,  La., 
stating  that  he  will  be  unable  to  be  present  Is  there  any  one  else  here 
that  wiU  t^  for  him? 

Mr.  Gebrans:  Mr.  President,  Mr.  Wilbert,  our  prcsidGnt,  was 
unable  to  come  to  Cincinnati  on  account  of  his  business  interests,  both 
lumber  and  sugar,  being  directly  in  the  path  of  the  levee.  Mr.  Down- 
man  had  intended  to  come  up,  but  reports  of  danger  to  the  levee  which 
would  entirely  flood  all  of  his  six  mills,  made  him  hesitate  to  leave,  so 
he  asked  me  to  read  this  short  message  to  you. 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers*  Association 

BY  ROBERT  H.  DOWKICAN,  OF  NEW  ORLEANS^  LA. 

It  would  have  been  proper  for  President  Wilbert,  of  the  Cypress 
association,  to  address  you  on  this  occasion,  but  other  engagements  pre- 
vented his  attendance  at  this  meeting. 

Tliere  is  very  little  for  die  to  say  oonceming  either  the  Cypress  as- 
soeiation  or  the  cypress  business.  The  association  has  been  moving 
along,  endeavoring  to  accomplish  what  it  was  intended  it  should  accom^ 
plish,  and  we  beUeve  it  has  been  doing  some  good  for  itself.  The  qr- 


ts8       Nauonal  Luiaat  hbaniWAcnmn*  Asiociation 


pttn  biisiiieit  dnr&ig     ptsi  year  hu 

feetory  as  we  could  have  wished  it,  but  it  is  my  belief  that  conditions 
have  been  as  satisfactory  as  with  other  woods.  We  have  had  to  con- 
tend with  a  gradually  increasing  production,  meaning  that  in  order  to 
hold  our  own  the  market  had  to  be  widened  in  proportion,  and  it  is  in 
the  effort  to  accon^lish  this  end  that  oor  association  Imt  batted  tell 
All  in  all,  we  arc  not  satiified  widi  timber  Oie  Totnme  of  bar  bodncts 
or  the  prices  we  kave  oteined,  bat  wc  htm  decided  bopes  for  the 
future. 

We  cypress  manufacturers  believe  in  the  National  Lumber  Man- 
ufacturers' Association  and  in  the  g)Ood  it  can  accomplish.  We  believe 
in  the  National  advertising  proposition,  which  baa  been  to  tiioroiigfaly 
ditcoised  this  past  year  as  to  oudce  it  obvioas*  even  to  bliad,  Ant 
wood,  as  a  fioaunodity,  needs  kinit^  mofc  eaqiloitation  Oan  it 
baa  tiim  fs^  received. 

We  believe  the  National  association  should  begin  a  more  definite 
campaign  to  bring  about  a  national  standard  of  thicknesses,  patterns 
and  sizes  for  dressed  or  worked  stock.  The  surfaced  thicknesses  of 
lumber  should  be  luuversally  uniform,  and  it  is  possil^  for  tiiia  astp- 
datioa  to  bring  about  one  standard.  We  have  lit^  £iidi  b  ability 
of  tbis  assocktiop  lo  bri^  about  even  tiie  sendilance  of  unif onnity  in 
grades  or  grade  names,  but  a  standardization  of  worked  thicknesses  can 
be  accomplished. 

We  believe  that  the  future  of  the  National  association  devolves 
entirely  upon  the  work  it  does  for  the  benefit  of  the  wbote  lumber  to- 
temity.  There  b  a  field  for  its  existence,  and  the  cypress  manufetcturers 

are  anxious  to  see  it  take  up  and  posh  to  a  oondusion  diose  proposttfons 
for  the  good  of  Hat  whole  wbicfa  are  before  tins  meeting. 

PfcEsroENT  Griggs:  Next  on  the  program  is  a  report  from  the 
Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association,  Mr.  Ray  M.  Hart,  Presi- 
dent, Coeur  d'AIene,  Ida.  I  understand  he  is  not  present.  He  is,  bair> 
ever,  represented     Mr.  Cooper,  Secretary  oi  assodatiQa. 

WcMni  Pine  Ifaira&Kstiirers'  Association 

BY  A.  W.  OOOFXig  or  aiOXAKI^  WASH. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen ;  Mr.  Laird  of  our  association  was 
to  have  been  here  today,  and  I  believe  that  he  had  prepared  a  p^)er; 
but  unfortunately  he  was  detained  at  the  kst  monicnt  and  could  naitiisr 
get  here  nor  get  the  pi^  here  in  tine. 


WiSTSiv  Puts  llAiiuFAcnnDBS'  Association  159 


The  prosperity  wbidi  has  seemed  to  prevail  among  die  other  dis- 
tricts does  not  appear  to  have  reached  us  to  any  extent  yet,  but  prob- 
ably it  is  for  that  reason  that  we  are  a  little  bit  anxious.  We  feel  that 
the  great  danger  now  is  that  the  experience  of  the  past  will  be  repeated, 
and»  carried  away  with  this  prosperity,  that  there  will  be  the  same  old 
story  of  over-productfon.  We  have  been  suffering  a  little  bit  from  that 
oursehres.  In  19x0  our  territoiy  manufoctnred  about  MS^V'^'^VXXi  feet 
In  1911,  through  the  curtaUnent  of  the  larger  mills  and  ibt  dosing 
down  of  our  smaller  mills,  we  curtailed  to  the  extent  of  350,000,000  feet 
In  spite  of  that  fact  we  piled  up  150,000,000  feet  of  stock  during  191 1. 
The  first  three  months  of  this  year  we  reduced  that  surplus  by  one 
hundred  million  feet 

We,  in  our  country,  fed  that  we  can  deriire  a  great  deal  of  good, 
from  this  Nadonal  assodatkm,  partkularfy  m  tiie  line  of  being  posted 
on  national  affairs ;  and  we  want  to  express  our  strong  approval  of  die 
step  that  the  National  is  takuig  to  gather  statistics  of  national  stock,  for 
we  believe  that  with  the  compilation  of  such  statistics  and  their  wise  use 
by  the  millmen  of  the  country  it  will  provide  the  best  check  at  present 
possible  on  over-i»roductu)n,  and  in  the  securing  of  m  proper  vahie  for 
our  product  We  would  like  very  mudi  to  see  that  enlarged. 

We  also  bdieve  that  the  Natfenal  assodatkm  can  accomplish  mudi 
for  us  by  keeping  us  in  closer  touch  with  national  legislation  and  the 
matters  that  affect  us,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  that  are  constantly 
coming  up.  I  might  instance  as  an  illustration  of  this  the  necessity  for 
better  basiking  laws  and  a  better  currency  system.  That  is  affecting  us 
now,  because  we  have  gone  into  tiie  export  business,  and  we  find  that 
we  cannot  carry  on  a  large  trade  with  fordgn  countries,  particuhriy 
South  America,  owing  to  our  present  banking  system  and  banking  laws. 

We  also  believe  that  the  National  associatbn  should  stand  back  of 
every  effort  that  is  made  for  securing  an  American  merchant  marine ; 
and  we  would  be  very  glad  to  do  our  part  toward  the  accomplishment 
of  any  of  Uiese  tfihi0k  [Applause.] 

Pbbsidbnt  Gbiogs:  I  will  ask  Vice-Preddent  Conrad  to  take  the 
chair  while  I  respond  fai  bdudf  of  tiie  West  Coast  Lumber  Manufsc- 
turers'  Association. 

Vice-President  Conrad  thereupon  took  the  chair  temporarily. 


West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


BY  BvmmTT  a  gkiogs^  of  tacoma,  wash. 

I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  addresrag  the  conventioii  on  so 
many  different  occasions  that  I  do  not  want  to  take  up  very  much  of 
your  time  talking  about  the  West  Coast  association. 

I  think  one  of  the  results  of  my  coming  here  will  be  that  imme- 
diately on  my  return,  and  after  going  over  Mr.  Keith's  paper,  we  will 
chalk  up  our  stumpage  about  $2.00  per  M,  because  we  think  that  is 
goiag  to  be  the  effect  <rf  the  Panama  Canal,  according  to  the  rescdts 
^it  he  pfediels. 

No  matter  to  what  extent  any  of  us  have  been  conducting  oper- 
ations in  association  work,  we  pick  up  pointers  in  a  meeting  of  this 
kind  from  the  papers  that  are  submitted  by  men  who  have  had  more 
experknce  than  any  of  us  indivklttidly,  and  which  are  of  great  benefit 
to  tiie  assodatioa  that  I  represent. 

WIDEST  PUBUCITY 

I  fed  that  the  widest  publicity  should  be  given  to  our  proceedings 
in  a  meeting  such  as  this  and  to  the  papers  that  have  been  presented. 
I  know  from  my  own  experience  that  I  have  always  read  with  a  great 
deal  of  interest  the  proceedings  of  this  National  association  meetings, 
and  that  the  experiences  of  other  associations  have  always  greatly  bene- 
fited our  own. 

We  have  been  laboring  for  about  ten  years  to  become  one  organ- 
ization on  the  Coast.  We  are  produdi^  the  same  woods  in  the  two 
states  of  Washington  and  Ore^Du,  and  we  finally  launched  the  West 
Coa^  Lomber  Manufacturers'  Association  in  August  test,  and  have 
absorbed  the  Pacific  Coast  association,  the  Southwestern  Washington 
association,  and  the  Oregon  and  Washington  association ;  all,  of  course, 
producing  the  same  kinds  of  woods,  the  Douglas  Fir  being  the  main 
consideration  of  all  those  associations,  although  we  handle  cedar,  spruce 
and  shingles.  The  accomplishments  of  the  West  Coast  association 
^mffy  rdk^  the  acGomplislanents  of  the  prtnom  assodatkms  that  we 

160 


Association  Benefits  on  the  West  Coast  x6{ 

had  I  have  been  identified  with  the  Pacific  Coast  association  ever  since 
its  organiiatkm,  and  the  stoiy  of  our  work  is  simply  a  story  of  that 
assodatioiL 

TALUB  OP  INSFBCnON  BUREAUS 

We  have  accomplished  a  great  deal  in  inspection  bureaus.  I  think 
the  inspection  certificate  that  we  have  established  through  the  Padfic 
Lumber  Inspection  Bureau  is  as  good  as  a  Hunt  certificate  on  a  rail,  or 
any  other  iron  commodity.  It  stands  for  integrity.  We  had  to  over- 
COTie  a  great  many  difficulties  such  as  any  association  has  to  confront, 
because  the  larger  manufacturers  who  have  been  in  the  business  twenty- 
five,  thirty  or  forty  years,  many  of  them  felt  that  the  inspectkm  was  not 
going  to  benefit  them,  but  would  benefit  many  smaller  mills  who  would 
finally  work  up  competitive  conditions.  That  has  not  been  the  result, 
but  rather  the  contrary.  Orders  from  outside  increased  because  it  was 
known  that  they  would  give  just  exactly  what  was  ordered.  Some  of 
tiiem  felt  that  they  did  not  care  to  go  into  the  inspection  bureau ;  but 
the  final  result  has  been  that  more  inquiries  have  come  to  the  Coast 
than  ever  would  have  been  the  case  if  we  had  not  had  this  Inspectkm 
Bureau  that  guarantees  every  stick  of  lumber  that  leaves  the  Coast 
That  has  been  the  result  of  the  association  vrork.  It  could  not  possibly 
have  been  brought  about  by  individuals. 

It  is  submitted  on  the  basis  of  2>4  cents  per  M  of  the  lumber  in- 
•  spected.  It  is  operated  by  a  separate  corporation,  and  has  money  in 
the  treasury.  We  have  finally,  by  combimng  with  the  Oregon  associa- 
tion  tiiis  year  in  their  inspection  Bureau,  taken  over  the  tally  men  and 
inspectors,  and  hired  them  directly  in  this  Inspection  Bureau.  The  bill 
for  that  of  course  is  charged  to  the  mills  that  adc  for  the  inspection. 
It  makes  it  an  independent  organization.  We  do  not  give  in  that  In- 
q)ection  Bureau  any  representation  to  the  buyers  or  the  Commission 
men.  The  integrity  of  the  Bureau  is  absolutely  established,  and  it  gives 
the  manufacturers  who  have  money  invested  in  the  business  and  desire 
it,  clean,  fair  grades,  that  start  at  the  pdnt  of  shipment  They  started 
out  determined  on  that  policy.  It  was  believed  by  some  five  years  ago 
that  that  organization  could  never  be  made  a  success  until  we  gave 
representation  in  that  Bureau  to  the  Commission  men,  for  instance,  in 
San  Francisco,  that  handle  a  large  amount  of  business,  or  to  the  buyers, 
but  we  have  finally  established  it,  largely  because  you  cannot  get  lumber 
in  any  other  way,  and  because  we  have  made  it  so  fair  that  we  almost 
stand  badcwards  <m  the  proposition  rather  than  to  go  the  other  way. 


i6t  NATK»f  AL  Luitm  UsanjWMTvms*  Associatiok 


We  stand  so  strait  Oat  we  have  got  a  reputatkm  tiiiXN^^lioat  the 
world  on  that  inspection.  That  is  simply  another  evidence  to  my  mind 
(rf  Hie  best  kind  of  association  work. 


WORK  OF  INSURANCE  ORGANIZATIONS 

We  have  done  the  same  thing  in  connection  with  our  insurance 

matters.  I  think  that  we  have  accomplished  a  great  deal  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  in  the  organization  of  the  Inter-insurance  organization,  which  is 
now  handling  about  $9,000,000  of  insurance,  and  is  only  taking  into  its 
membership  mills  that  will  follow  out  certain  lines  of  improvements. 
Each  individual  member  of  the  inter-msurance  Company  is  willing  to 
Ukt  a  <me  thousand  dollar  risk  if  the  management  decides  to  carry  that 
much  insurance.  Of  course,  that  is  never  the  case,  because  with  150 
mills  we  do  not  carry  that  much  insurance  on  any  one  risk ;  but  we  have 
reduced  our  rates.  We  had  only  nine  manufacturers  in  the  first  place, 
and  we  now  have  130,  with  a  surplus  in  the  treasury.  It  is  run  by  the 
manufacturers. 

I  mention  these  things  because  tiiey  are  identified  in  an  indirect  way 
with  the  assodatbn  which  we  (M-ganized  some  eteven  or  twelve  years 
ago.  The  other  matters  referred  to  so  ably  by  the  other  men  who  have 
spoken  before  me  are  followed  out  in  our  association  work,  such  as 
standard  grades  and  standards  of  manufacture,  etc. 

We  think  we  have  an  organizatbn  today  representing  these  differ- 
ent districts  that  will  continue  to  grow.  We  have  a  Business  Manager. 
We  have  assumed  some  ccmsiderable  expense,  and  have  a  budget  of 
•hout  $35,000  CH*  $36,000  this  year,  based  on  a  i^-cent  assessment. 

We  have  had  some  strike  troubles  to  contend  with  on  the  Coast, 
and  labor  conditions  were  such  that  many  of  our  delegates  felt  that 
they  could  not  get  away  to  come  to  this  convention.  But  you  are  all 
familiar  with  so  many  of  the  men  out  there  that  you  know  that  their 
hearts  are  with  this  (M-ganisation. 

mrmBNT  disi«icts  wmESBmm  ok  boaed  ov  tsustbbs 

We  have  another  system  in  our  West  Coast  assodatkm  which  I 
thmk  has  proved  wise,  m  the  estaUishment  of  different  districts  rqire- 
sented  on  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  general  monthly  meetings  are 
lidd ;  if  any  member  of  the  Board  cannot  possibly  be  there  at  the  meet- 
ing he  must  designate  some  one  individual  from  that  district  to  attend. 
This  plan  has  given  us  a  very  accurate  conception  of  business  conditk)ns 


AaapOATiON  Bbhbfits  on  trb  Wist  Coast 


In  each  district  M$  year.  These  men  are  pakl  a  per  diem  to  come  to 
the  Board  Meetings  and  tfieir  traveling  expenses. 

Now  a  great  many  men  feel  that  assodatkm  woric  is  simply  an 

opportunity  to  certain  men  to  hunt  office  and  assume  burdens  that  arc  a 
deUght  I  do  not  think  that  is  the  case.  In  my  association  work  I  would 
be  very  glad  to  get  rid  of  a  great  deal  of  the  detail  of  the  work;  but 
I  have  felt  in  the  interests  that  I  represent  that  those  interests  are 
repaid  a  great  deal  more  in  this  woric  than  in  any  oOier  way  in  which 
I  operate.  I  think  that  has  proven  to  be  the  case. 

I  think  some  of  my  stockholders  feel  sometimes  that  the  devotion 
to  outside  association  interests  is  a  little  too  much,  that  there  is  a  lot 
of  detail  work  connected  with  association  matters  by  a  man  who  has 
his  own  business  to  be  responsible  foe;  but  I  think  that  where  we 
cooperate  on  lines  sudi  as  any  one  of  tiiese  associations  assume*  and 
particularly  where  we  cooperate  in  an  organization  such  as  this,  Aat 
it  is  an  indirect  benefit  and  is  going  to  be  a  great  help,  and  if  carried 
out  on  the  right  lines  that  no  stockholders,  no  business  men  who  have 
timber  interests,  no  citizenship  of  the  United  States  can  go  back  on  it. 
I  know  tet  that  has  been  the  effect  on  the  Coast 

GONFIDENCE  IS  EVIDENCED 

I  feel  that  we  have  confidence  in  the  Board  of  Dh-ectors  in  the 
producing  districts.  I  know  that  whenever  we  need  money,  whenever 
we  need  to  undertake  any  work  in  the  way  of  legislation  in  our  states, 
the  compensatkm  act,  i<x  instance,  we  get  results.  The  latter  was  a 
definite  work  started  by  our  organization  and  framed  up,  you  might 
say,  with  tibe  idea  of  posting  the  legislature.  We  were  not  afraui  to  go 
m  a  body  of  thirty-five  or  forty  men,  reprcsentmg  tfie  producing  dis- 
tricts of  the  entire  state,  to  our  capital,  Olympia,  to  attend  a  night 
session  of  the  legislature,  the  result  of  which  was  the  enactment  of  a 
law  which  is  of  great  benefit  to  the  state.  As  Mr.  Keith  says,  the 
matters  of  compensation,  of  fire  loss,  of  taxation,  and  all  of  those 
tilings,  have  got  to  be.  studied  in  each  state,  the  particular  conditions 
tiuit  confront  every  assodatkm  and  every  manufacturer.  One  objec- 
tkm  that  I  have  had  to  some  of  the  government  talk  is  diat  they  do  not 
go  out  and  study  the  exact  situadon  in  the  producing  districts,  which 
is  very  important.  I  feel  that  I  voice  the  sentiment  of  a  pretty  strong 
prpdudng  district  when  I  say,  when  I  come  on  here  as  their  repre- 


Hatwhku  Luxm  Manufacturbbs'  Association 

•ttiUtiye,  Uicy  are  wiUing  to  btde  me  up,  and  that  can  only  be  done 
bfjr  having  cooperatkm  of  the  business  men  of  a  district  [Applause,] 
President  Griggs  resumed  the  chair. 

President  Griggs:  Mr.  George  X.  Wendling,  another  Pacific 
Coast  man,  has  just  wired  that  he  could  not  possibly  get  hei«,  bm  he 
has  prepared  a  paper  on  the  subject  "Worionen's  Compensatioii  and 
Employers'  Liabmty."  Mr.  Wendling,  I  wiU  say,  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  and  is  President  of  the  Fkcific  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Man- 
ttfacturers'  Association,  as  a  representative  of  which  he  attended  our 
last  Board  meeting.  You  are  probably  all  acquainted  with  him.  His 
paper  will  be  read  in  his  absence  by  Mr.  George  K.  -S"f*th. 

Workmea's  Compensation  and  Etnidoycra'  Liability 

Wf  CSORGB  X.  WEKDLtKG^  OIT  SAN  ntANCnoO^  CAL. 

All  thoughtful  men,  especially  employers,  who  have  kept  pace 
with  the  trend  of  events  in  the  last  forty  years,  during  which  time  the 
growth  of  labor  saving  machineiy  hat  made  wonderful  strides,  have 
observed  the  growing  danger  to  worionen  in  tliis  development,  result- 
mg  m  the  ever  increasmg  speed  of  machmes  of  all  kinds  in  an  effort 
to  reduce  cost,  to  the  end  that  competition,  the  fiercest  in  this  age  the 
wwld  has  ever  known,  may  be  met.   Hence  the  growth  of  speed  has 
naturally  multiplied  accidents,  because  the  workmen  in  a  huge  per- 
centage  are  unable  to  handle  themselves  with  sufficient  deacterity  while 
at  work  to  avoid  accidents.  It  may  be  interesting  to  yoor  readers  to 
know  that,  for  this  very  rtasoi^  ^  employers  of  men  on  a  large 
«al^  sudi  as  the  American  raiheays,  conduct  highly  scientific  inves- 
%ations  as  to  the  hearing,  sight,  general  soundness,  health  and  fitness 
of  their  employees  for  the  work  they  are  to  perform,  in  an  effort  to 
minimize  danger  to  life  and  property,  it  being  recognized  that  with 
maturing  years  the  workmen  become  less  and  less  efficient,  the  lamr 
percentagcof  accidents  in  sunihr  occopations  occurring  among  the 
older  workmen  m  places  where  n^d  movement  and  action  are  neces- 
saty  to  avoM  accident 

TBB  fllNCWLB  OT  KUDraL  RKLIKP  BBOOMBS  ICAIOFBST 

These  general  principles  are  well  understood  by  the  empkym  in 
aU  dvihaed  countries,  and  none  are  more  eoooefned  at  to  a  proper 


WOUUf BN'S  COMPBNSATION 


remedy  for  honest,  prompt  and  uniform  relief  to  the  injured  workmen 
^id  those  depending  upon  him  for  support,  tiian  are  the  emf^oyers. 
What  tile  most  practical  remedy  is  and  how  it  should  be  applied  to 
render  the  injured  proper  relief— provide  for  the  widow  during  the 
period  of  her  widowhood,  and  the  children  up  to  a  reasonable  age,  is 
the  object  of  this  article. 

The  German  government,  with  twenty-five  years  of  experience, 
has  established  the  age  of  sixteen  years  as  the  proper  age  to  terminate 
pensional  aid  to  children  in  order  to  avoid  the  devdopmmt  of  slug- 
gardSy  from  tiie  fact  that  to  pension  yotrtii  to  its  foU  maturity  is  detri- 
mental to  character  building. 

THE  oansiM  C9  wokkicbn's  oompbmsatiom 

Workmen's  compensation  is  not  a  domestic  product;  it  had  its 
origin  in  the  Baltic  and  Mediterranean  watersheds  during  the  latter 
half  of  the  19th  centuiy  amid  the  doise  pc^latkm  of  Europe,  but  it  is 
practically  unknown  among  Oriental  people— it  has  been  most  justly, 
equitably  and  scientifically  worked  out  during  the  last  twenty-five  years 
on  the  German  stage  of  industrial  activity. 

It  is,  therefore,  a  foreign  plant  seeking  a  habitat  in  the  Western 
Hemisphere,  where  our  statesmen  in  the  various  states  and  in  our 
federal  Congress  are  endeavoring  to  sohre  tiie  proUem  of  " Woikmen's 
Compensatkm,''  both  under  tins  titie,  and  under  the  title  of  ''Employ- 
ers' Liability."  To  the  end  that  we  may  have  a  practical  view  of  what 
is  meant  by  "Workmen's  Compensation"  and  "Employers'  Liability," 
I  will  endeavor  to  define  the  meaning  of  these  terms. 

IfOItt  OF  PROCEDURE  OUTLINED  AS  APPLIED  BY  THE  WORKIIEN'S  OOM- 
PENSATION  METHOD,  SIMPLE  AND  PRACTICAL 

By  "Wofkmen's  Compensation"  we  make  provision  by  law,  with- 
out trial  by  court  or  jury,  for  specific  and  absolute  payment  for  the 
injury  received,  as  per  legally  scheduled  rating,  the  workman  receiv- 
ing prompt  payment  without  the  expense  incident  to  litigation,  and 
without  regard  as  to  why  or  by  what  cause  die  accidrat  occurred— 
save  and  except  onfy,  injuries  that  are  self  inflicted. 

MOOS  OF  PBOCBDUaS  OUTUNED  BY  fiMPLOYEKS'  UASILITir,  mOUSLY 

PKACTICAL 

By  "Employers'  Liability"  we  endeavor  to  place  the  responsibility 
of  compensation  to  the  injured  workman  upon  the  shoukiers  of  the 


i66        National  LuMn  Manufagtubbbs'  Associatiom 


emi^yer  for  actual  or  alleged  faults,  thb  requiring  generally  an  action 
at  law,  cumbersome  in  procedure,  expensive  in  process,  and  usually 
resulting,  after  long  periods  of  litigation,  in  nominal  relief,  if  any,  for 
the  injured,  after  expenses  and  legal  fees  have  been  paid. 

The  two  systems  are  fundamentally  different  in  the  mode  of  pro- 
cedure, although  seeking  the  same  end.  The  "Workmen's  Compen- 
sation" method  provides  for  the  injured  and  his  family.  The  "Em- 
I^oyers'  Liability"  meliiod  rests  upon  some  conduct  or  act  of  tiie 
employee  resulting  in  an  injury  for  whidi  die  employer  is  to  be  held 
^ble,  and  which  liability  tfie  employer  naturally  seeks  to  minimize, 
and  the  employee  naturally  seeks  to  maximize,  resulting  inevitably  in 
creating  acrimonious  relations  between  employer  and  employee;  while 
these  various  efforts  have  in  a  way  been  helpful,  in  that  they  have 
caused  us  to  think,  we  have  not  as  yet  hit  upon  any  plan  in  the  United 
States  that  accomplishes  the  desired  result  Hie  Gmnan  government, 
Uirougfa  a  system  carefully  worked  out  during  the  last  twenty-five 
years  on  i^ans  highly  scientific,  has  sdved  the  problem  through 
"Workmen's  Compensation." 


MODE  OF  PROCEDURE  BY  THE  GERMAN  GOVERNMENT 


Their  mode  of  jMrocedure  simply  and  briefly  stated  consists  of  the 
following: 

The  German  government  has  instituted  a  process  by  whk^  em- 
ployers and  employees  administer  their  accident  insurance  fund,  which 
in  our  country  could  be  administered  by  an  insurance  commission 
who  should  have  authority  to  rate  each  hazard  of  every  nature  and 
character  known  to  experience,  to  establish  uniform  compensation  for 
the  injuries  sustained.  For  example:  The  employee  is  a  woriattn 
iperating  a  machmisfs  lathe,  and  the  inmance  rate  as  fixed  is  >i  of 
I  per  cent  on  the  monthly  payroll,  thus,  if  the  wage  is  $4  per  day  for 
25  days  $100.00. 

J4  of  I  per  cent  «=  50   c  per  month 

The  employee  pays  J4  ^  much  a  l2yic  per  month 

Fund  remitted  monthly  to  the  State 
Tfeasorer  for  one  man's  wage,  in« 
chiding  employer's  share  Ai^c  per  month 

The  fund  thus  created  is  remitted  to  the  State  Treasurer  monthly 
from  all  the  industries  in  the  state.  It  is  beyond  the  control  of  corpo- 
rations, firms  and  individuals,  and  is  useful  only  in  case  of  ityury;  the 


Workmen's  Compensation 


167 


employee  does  not  look  to  the  employer,  but  both  employee  and  cm- 
^yer  k>ok  to  the  solvent  fund  for  relief  when  the  workman  is  injured 
—the  time  of  his  greatest  need. 

All  kinds  of  work  has  been  dassified  and  rated  about  10  per  cent 
above  actual  needs,  subject  to  such  annual  changes  in  ratmgs  as  may  be 
found  necessary  by  experience,  and  the  burden  is  thus  placed  upon 
both  employer  and  employee  in  a  manner  so  just  and  equitable  that  the 
system  is  gladly  welcomed  by  both.  It  provides  the  cheapest  possible 
cost  of  industrial  accident  insurance  for  the  workman,  encourages 
bodi  employer  and  employee  to  strive  for  the  greatest  safety  in  the 
workshop,  thereby  reducing  the  cost  of  msurance  to  botfi  empk^er  and 
employee  to  the  lowest  minimum  and  making  for  the  maximum  of 
efficiency,  and  enabling  both  workman  and  employer  to  operate  in  that 
intimate  harmony  so  necessary  to  success.  What  is  the  argument? 
What  is  the  proof?  And  what  are  the  answers  ? 

mCBMTAGBS  Of  CX>NTRI]!OTION  ID  CAUSES  <NP  ACCIDENTS 

The  experience  of  the  Germans  indicates  that  17  per  cent  plus  of 
accidents  are  caused  by  the  carelessness  of  employers,  29  per  cent  plus 
of  accidents  are  caused  by  the  carelessness  of  the  employees,  10  per 
cent  plus  to  the  fault  of  the  employer  and  tmployet  jointly  and  43  per 
cent  plus  to  the  hazard  of  the  industry. 

Ueaot  it  foUows  that  if  the  empbyer  causes  17  per  cent  plus  of  the 
accidents  and  stands  75  per  cent  of  the  amount  paid  into  the  fund,  and 
the  employee  causes  29  per  cent  plus  of  the  accidents  and  remits  through 
his  employer  J4  as  much,  that  the  employer  bears  a  disproportionately 
heavier  burden  than  the  employee,  but  both  have  performed  an  agreed 
duty  and  all  is  well  When  an  accident  occurs  this  is  what  happens : 

The  emptoyer  and  the  employee,  both  having  contributed  to  the 
state  fund  as  provuled  by  kw,  ibt  emj^kytt  immediately  retorts 
his  accident  to  his  employer,  who  acts  as  the  employee's  unpaid 
agent,  presents  his  case  with  promptness  to  the  proper  official  asking 
justice  as  provided  by  law;  no  attorney  appears  to  take  a  case  on  a 
contingent  fee  against  the  employer,  creating  acrimonious  relations,  as 
is  unfortunately  the  case  in  our  country,  where  employers  and  em- 
ployees hnmediately  become  enemies.  In  the  German  Empire  ^  in- 
jured employees  and  tiidr  employers  remain  friends  to  sndi  an  octent 
that  all  proper  efforts  are  put  forth  to  find  such  employment  as  may 


i68 


National  Lumber  Makufactubbbs'  Association 


suit  the  injured  workman,  and  his  service  oontinues  when  restored  to 
health* 

CLASSIFICATION  OT  RISKS 

In  Germany  all  forms  of  disability  known  to  experience  are  rated 
and  compensation  paid  accordingly  with  absolute  promptness.  In  the 
case  of  death  the  widow  receives,  so  long  as  she  remains  a  widow,  a 
stated  sum  monthly,  and  for  each  child  a  stated  sum  monthly  up  to  the 
1^  ol  sixteen,  and  a  stated  sum  lor  dq^oident  parents. 

THE  WONDERFUL  GROWTH  OF  GERMAN  COMMBRCB  UNDER  WORKMEN'S 

COMPENSATION 

This  is  the  method,  generally  and  very  briefly  stated,  as  employed 
by  one  of  the  most  wonderful  coomiercial  nalkms  of  modem  times; 
the  method  sdves  the  problem  skillfully,  justly,  is  workaUe  botfi  com- 
mercially and  socially,  whereas  we,  a  modem  and  highly  enlightened 
people,  are  still  conducting  clumsy  experiments,  in  an  effort  to  work 
out  a  great  social  and  industrial  problem.  Why  not  recast  the  German 
experience  into  our  American  mould?  Appropriating  without  cost 
to  us  twenty-five  years  of  highly  scientific  effort  that  was  crystallized 
into  sttccess  before  we  began  our  try  and  fit  method,  of  taking  the  best 
kws  of  <me  state  (though  all  poor)  and  the  bad  Uiws  of  another,  mush- 
ing them  np  in  the  political  cracibk  and  then  feeding  them  to  the  in- 
dustries on  the  nebulous  theory  that  somehow  they  could  stand  it. 

UNWISE  AND  EXPERIMENTAL  LEGISLATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

With  the  coming  of  these  unwise  and  experimental  laws,  we  see  a 
g«ieral  curtailment  of  production  throt^out  the  nation,  not  of  exist- 
ii^  industries,  because  the  owners  are  in  and  could  not  get  out  if  they 
wouHl,  but  in  the  astonishmg  kck  of  new  enterprises ;  capital  has  be- 
come alarmed  because  of  the  unknown  risk  that  may  wipe  out  the 
accumulation  of  several  generations  in  one  serious  catastrophe,  where 
many  workmen,  including,  the  employer,  may  be  seriously  injured  or 
perhaps  destroyed ;  whereas  the  German  method  of  "Workmen's  Com- 
pensaticm"  throughout  the  years  of  its  existence  has  proven  a  safe 
Tdiide,  capaUe  of  carrying  the  indus^,  die  emptoyer,  the  wockman 
and  the  dq^iendents. 

It  is  also  of  special  value  to  die  workman  and  his  employer  to 


Workmen's  Coif»K8ATiON  ^ 

know  that  in  the  German  method,  the  funds  bang  in  the  State  Trw- 
ury,  nothing  can  possibly  occur  to  disturb  their  safety,  whereas  m  the 
United  States,  in  about  the  ratio  of  30  to  i,  we  leave  the  matter  of 
final  payment  to  "the  blessed  Trinity  of  chance,  accident  and  mistake 
except  where  die  claim  rests  agwnst  an  employer  of  undoubted  respon- 
sibility, such  as  railways  and  odier  permanent  k»g  Uved  institutions ;  but 
in  the  case  of  the  small  employers,  of  whom  diere  are  said  to  be  ib^ 
small  to  one  large  employer  in  the  United  States,  it  wiU  be  seen  diat 
the  smaU  employer  and  the  employee  each  face  a  serious  hazard,  in 
diat  the  small  employer  may  be  entirely  wiped  out  financially  by  a 
serknis  accident,  and  die  injured  employees  be  unable  to  recover.  All 
of  diis  is  safeguarded  in  the  German  ^  as  proven  by  experience. 

serious  DEFECTS  IN  AMBBICAN  EXPBBIMBMTAL  METHODS 

Our  mediods  generally  contain,  among  odier  serious  defects^  die 
particular  one  that  in  the  case  of  die  deadi  of  die  workman,  die'<^ims 
against  the  employer  may  run  in  favor  of  the  widow  and  orphan  for  a 
period  not  exceeding  five  to  fifteen  years ;  generally  speaking,  the  object 
being  to  jwoperly  care  for  the  widow  and  children  of  tender  years. 
AH  well  mtcnded,  but  how  does  it  work  out?  Let  us  see. 

SAMPLE  OF  aSSULTS  WDBM,  AMERICAN  METHODS 

ist.  The  employer  is  vastty  r«^onMWe  and  a  permanent  concern 

— all  is  well.  m   ^   £.  xu-i 

2nd.   The  employer  is  small— business  gets  bad— the  firm  tads, 

becomes  an  insolvent  debtor,  widow  and  orphans  are  out  in  die  cold. 

3rd.  Firm  wants  to  retire  from  business— compensation  outstand- 
h^  to  widow  and  orphans  prevents.  House  may  not  be  quite  highly 
commercially  moral;  outstandmg  daim  or  claims  large,  assets  begin  to 
disappear,  house  makes  an  assignnwnt,  widow  or  widows  and  orphans 
can't  collect ;  again  Germany  by  her  large  cxperieiK*  and  saentific 
methods  proves  the  soundness  of  her  '^Workmen's  Compensation" 
laws. 

VIEWS  OF  AMERICAN  MANUFACTURERS  AND  EMPUWSRS  GBNSRALLY 

I  Started  out  to  be  more  brief,  but  the  fact  is  I  really  have  only 
touched  upon  the  subject  in  the  high  spots,  hence  shall  let  the  fore- 
going, with  a  brief  summary,  suffice  and  dose  by  saying  that  all  em- 


170       National  Lumbir  Man  utAcnmns'  Association 

ployers  I  have  talked  with  deplore  our  unfortunate  experiments  In  the 
entire  field  looking  toward  the  solutum  ol  the  qoestkm  under  consider- 
•tixm.  Thty  would  wdcome  witfi  open  arms  that  most  equitabte,  just* 
soimd  and  workable  meAod  empbyed  by  our  German  neighbors,  who 
us  timir  fully  tried  experience,  stripped  of  all  experiments,  free 
for  the  taking,  and  providing  in  addition  to  the  advantages  enumerated, 
the  further  definite  knowledge  of  just  what  fixed  charge  to  add  to  aU 
industries  for  "Workmen's  Compensatkm/'  stripped  of  guess-woric  as 
to  what  the  charge  may  be.  Just  the  reverse  is  unfortunatdy  now  the 
case  in  the  United  States,  where  exacOy  ^  same  tnjuiy  to  two  work- 
men, occurrii^  in  the  same  industry  in  two  different  kxaUties,  may  be 
h^y  compensated  by  one  court  and  jury,  whereas  in  the  other  case 
the  court  and  jury  may  find  a  verdict  for  a  nominal  sum.   Hence  cost 
line  here  rises  and  falls  owing  to  the  number  of  accidents  that  may  or 
may  not  occur,  involving  the  employer  in  uncertainties,  resulting  m 
wide  fluctuations  of  cost  from  year  to  year  in  any  industrial  i^ant,  all 
ot  whkdi  wottkl  be  araded  bfy  the  fixed  foctors  piovkied  by  tiie  Ger- 
man n^thod,  tending  to  steady  prices,  enabling  the  operator  to  com- 
pute witfi  accuracy  the  cost  of  industrial  accident  insurance,  care  for 
the  injured,  educate  and  provide  for  the  orphan,  and  last  but  not  least, 
leave  employer,  empbyee,  widow,  orphans  and  the  infirm  dq)endentSy 
all  friends. 

PREsmENT  Gkiggs:  We  wtU  now  have  a  discttsskm  on  tiie ''Fire 
Hazard  Attadc  on  Lmoto,"  of  fifteen  or  twenty  minutes,  which  will 
be  led  by  Mr.  George  H.  Hoh,  of  Chicago,  111.,  who  will  be  followed 
by  Mr.  W.  A.  Gilchrist,  of  Tennessee. 


Fire  Hazard  Attack  on  Lumber 


WY  GBOnCB  H.  BOLT^  OT  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

The  subject  of  this  discussion  is  "The  Fue  Hazard  Attadc  on 
Lumber." 

At  other  times  and  places  your  associations  have  considered  the 
problem  of  Fire  Waste  as  such,  and  the  problems  of  Fire  Insurance. 

Thfa  discussion  is  to  deal  with  the  haaard  to  the  lumber  industry, 
which  has  developed  within  the  last  two  years  to  astonishing  propor- 
tions, chiefly  through  the  fire  insurance  propaganda  or  a^^tation  de- 
scribed generally  under  the  title  of  Fire  Protection  and  Fire  Prevention. 

We  are  as  lumbermen  profoundly  thankful  for  all  of  the  good 
dungs  which  the  insurance  men  have  done  in  this  direction.  We  have 
no  disposition  to  bel^  Ae  JwalUng  extent  of  the  destruction  caused 
by  fire  in  the  United  States,  and  we  arc  heartUy  in  accord  with  the 
professed  purpose  of  the  underwriters  to  detect  or  to  extinguish  or  to 
control  fires.  Our  controversy  with  them  is  not  because  they  arc  doii^ 
too  much  in  this  direction,  but  because  they  do  not  go  far  enough. 

Until  you  stop  to  think  about  it,  it  is  natural  to  suppose  that  the 
insurance  companies  would  pay  a  bonus  to  anybody  who  could  per- 
manently eliminate  loss  by  fire.  If  you  listen  to  their  talk  about  it  and 
to  their  arguments,  the  logic  of  the  situation  certainly  must  be  that  if 
the  underwriters  could  bring  it  about  no  more  fires  would  ever  occur, 
m^-^ng  those  which  were  designed  for  some  economic  use. 

That  wouW  be  suidde  for  Ae  fire  insurance  business  and  the  fire 
insurance  agent  No  fires,  no  busmess,  no  premmms,  no  commissions* 

BUMINATION  OF  FIRE  WASTE  UNDESIRED  BY  INSUIAKCB  COMFAKIES 

We  are,  therefore,  bound  to  take  into  account  the  fact  that  agents 
and  faisuranee  conges  would  be  about  the  only  people  in  the  United 
States  who  would  deplore  the  entire  dhninatkm  of  fiw  waste.  Wcmajr 
well  be  on  our  guard,  as  buyers  of  htsuranee,  in  aoc^ting  Aeir  ksadtr* 
ship  or  their  professions,  and  we  should  heed  the  alarm  wbm  under 
the  cover  of  such  a  pretense  they  take  the  lead  and  put  up  the  money 


17»        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

to  condtict  an  organized  and  country-wide  campaign  against  every 
form  of  wood  and  wood  products. 

The  latest  number  of  the  monthly  called  "Fire  Protection,"  pub- 
lished in  Cincinnati  and  Chicago,  April,  1912,  contains  an  article  under 
the  heading,  "Fire  Insurance  Attitude  Toward  Fkt  IVeventioo,"  by 
H.  N.  Kebey,  Manager  of  the  Western  Department  of  the  Sun  In- 
mwtt  Company,  of  London,  and  Chairman  of  the  Underwriters' 
Comuiiltee  of  Pid»licity,  from  which  I  quote : 

"fublic  conscience  awakening 

^-I'^i^'^v^*?*?*"?  ^  awakening  to  the  pestilence  of  loss  of  life,  Ihnb  and 
property  which  has  ban  eawed  by  mriee  of  property  owners  in  not  ppotectin* 
lha  lives  of  those  domiciled  in  their  premises.  ^  ^  ^  "  4»«#m»iuhi 

"In  the  light  of  experience  city  officials  who  close  their  eym  to  the  repeated 
imdoftMtmea  flagrant  violationa  of  city  building  ordinances  enacted  foTthe 
pjiwaioii  of  eitiMM  M  •  iHiole  against  the  selfish  interest  of  some  particular 
tadividual,  or  who  fail  to  prevent  the  erectimi  of  firune  baildings  within  the  city 
lire  limits,  or  to  extend  these  limits  with  the  growth  of  the  dty,  are  *««»*«niiig  a 
«me  gainst  society  as  selfish  and  cowardly  and  as  hmrWH  m  mm  wkAlM 
liraie  la  an  overloaded  lifeboat  on  a  threatening  aea.*' 

Geoiie  Edidbert  Wal^  in  'The  World's  Waste  by  Fiie/'  says: 

''If  the  story  of  historic  fires  teaches  any  great  lesson  it  is  this:  Fire 
protection  can  come  only  throuffh  the  use  of  absolutely  incombustible  material  for 
Mtn^  tad  teide  wwk.  Wood  imiat  be  eliminated  not  only  for  walla  and  parti- 
tions  but  for  exterior  tnm  and  finish.  We  can  buUd  stmetm  today  that  donot 
need  to  contain  enough  wood  to  make  a  lead  pencil.  When  ov  dtiea  are  eomposed 
ofbmldmga  that  cannot  bum,  fire,  the  greatest  scourge  of  aU  times,  willbe 
aB^Mfwiy ao  that  it  wiU  no  longer  prove  a  dai^y  meoaise  to  life 

Secretey  Wentworth,  of  the  Natiooal  Fire  Prevention  >^socia- 
^otHf  has  recently  conducted  a  fire-brand  campaign  from  coast  to  coast, 
chiefly  agmst  the  use  of  wood  in  any  form ;  and  secondly,  in  advocacy 
of  every  form  of  substitute  for  wood  in  construction  or  equipment. 

He  is  so  tickled  with  his  phrase,  "A  shingle  roof  is  not  a  coverh^ 
but  a  crime,"  that  he  never  tires  of  repeating  it  or  some  variant  of  it 

Louis  Amundson,  President  of  the  Peoples  Fife,  is  credited  widi 
inventing  the  "criminal  match,"  whidi  as  a  psych<^ogical  great  gun,  is 
cilcuhited  to  destfoy  a  huge  part  of  the  lumber  industry. 

All  of  tfie  ammunition  manufactured  by  the  Fire  Prevention  As- 
sociations and  propaganda  is  seized  upon  and  appropriated  by  the 

manufacturers  and  merchants  and  exploiters  of  other  competinr  prod- 
ucts. 

"Fife  Proof  Digest"  is  a  new  and  pretentiotts  magaadne  fostered 


FiEK  Hazard  Attack  on  Lumbb  173 

by  the  Dahlstr(Hn  Metallic  Door  Company.  It  prints  in  large  type  the 
following: 

''If  the  lumber  people  eoaiite  it  advisable  to  spend  fortimes  to  protMi 
tiMir  busiaws  it  is  proof  enough  that  better  materials  are  supplaatiiig  the  protels 
they  produce  and  ssUL  Bat  th^  a^  sadsmriaf  to  ersato  facto  sm  aot  — laiiar 

forgotten  ones. 

"The  fire  proof  people  have  but  to  soq^fadn  what  they  have  and  what  their 
prodoeto  aessoipiiA.  Tli^  haie  vsal  faeto  to  briag  eal  aad  ao  thooiy." 


It  would  take  all  the  time  allotted  to  the  opening  of  this  discussion 
to  so  much  as  summarize  the  new  magaaines  and  new  departments  of 
established  fire  msurance  papers  whidi  have  suddenly  bufst  into  im- 
posing proportbns  as  mediums  for  the  exploitation  of  devices  and 

materials  from  which  it  is  hoped  to  extract  the  nimble  dollar  of  the 
advertiser.  Let  me  quote  just  one  or  two  items.  Under  the  head  of 
"Fire  Proof  Furniture  Needed:" 

"merchants  and  manufacturers  carelessly  filling  good  buildings 

WITB  BAZASDOUS  EQUIPMENT  AND  FURHISHING^  ID  THBEB 

OWN  SBIUMBNl^ 


"It  Is  a  bmmI  glaring  inconsisUncy  in  the  great  movement  for  fire  protection 
and  fire  prevention  that  while  every  precaution  has  been  taken  to  insure  that 
buildings  themselves  shall  not  bnriL  little  or  no  heed  has  been  paid  to  the  nature 
of  their  equipnent.  BidldiBg  eoto  are  being  revised  constantly,  creating  fire 
sones  and  specifyiag  what  materiali  shall  or  shall  not  be  used  in  various  classsa 
of  buildings,  but  no  restrictions  are  placed  on  the  character  of  the  interior  fur- 
nishings. Buildings  erected  in  the  heart  of  the  business  district,  where  fires  may 
mean  financial  disaster  for  thousands,  and  untold  loss  of  human  life — so  con- 
■tmetad  that  the  building  itself  does  not  contain  one  square  foot  of  eonboatiirie 
■aterial,  are  filled  immediately  with  the  most  inflammable  types  of  furniture  and 
equipment.  The  day  of  wood  furniture  should  have  psnsnd  with  the  dej  of  old 
frame  office  buildings,  years  ago.'' 

You  will  not  be  disappointed  if  you  find  in  the  same  paper  adver- 
tisements of  metal  furniture,  metal  windows,  doors  and  trim.  Or  this : 

"The  question  of  how  far  the  fight  on  wood  will  extend  and  to  what  extent 
weed  will  give  way  to  brkkm  aad  tOe  is  a  very  interesting  one.  l^re  proof  con- 
structionists claim  that  we  are  entering  upon  a  clay  age  and  that  in  mj  ymn 
virtually  all  buildings  will  be  constructed  of  fire  proof  materials  ...  a 
frame  building  in  a  community  of  any  siae  will  be  con^dered  an  oddity  and  a 
freak.'' 

ooncbaled  inmvEs 

The  question  arises:  "Why  do  the  underwriters  interest  them- 
selves in  any  reduction  of  Fire  Waste?"  Why  do  they  not  all  main- 
tain the  attitude  of  the  agent  referred  to  in  "Fire  Protection/*  as  fol- 
lows: "The  attitude  of  many  local  agents  is  reflected  in  the  ngly  d  a 
prominMt  locil  «fcnt  to  a  ktlor  ncJkiring  his  stAmcripdoa  to  Tir« 


174       National  Lumn  UkKUWAcmEmf  AstooATioii 


Protectkm;'  'Not  interested.  Fire  Protection  fliminatfi  firei,  reduces 

rates,  and  knocks  out  comniissk)n8.' 

There  are  several  answers  and  all  of  them  arc  perfectly  intelligible. 

First:  Fire  Protection  Associations  are  just  a  name  for  another 
way  of  combining  the  insurance  men  into  forms  of  organization  not 
prohibited  by  law. 

Tkty  are  a  refuge  for  pmkmfy  dispersed  or  threatened  organ- 
iiations  of  underwriters  and  agents.  They  are  a  ''get  together**  under 
a  new  banner,  partly  with  the  purpose  of  starting  a  back  fire  to  distract 
the  attention  of  the  public,  and  partly  with  the  purpose  of  maintaining 
solidarity  of  action  against  the  unorganized  public. 

Seomd:  Tliey  fear  the  spirit  of  rebellion  which  is  spreading 
throt^out  the  country  against  their  arhiteary  and  cosdy  methods  of 
dinng  business. 

The  public  has  begun  to  see  and  the  insurance  men  admit  not  only 

that  the  fire  waste  is  appalling  but  that  the  expense  of  insuring  against 
fire  waste  is  still  more  appalling,  because  uneconomic  and  avoidable. 

The  insurance  man's  remedy  is  "Reduce  the  fire  waste  and  the  rate 
will  come  down."  The  answer  of  the  public  is»  ''We  have  reduced  the 
fire  waste  and  your  rates  have  not  come  down,  excepting  under  the 
stress  of  competition  of  Mutnals  and  simihur  organizations. 

Third:  The  plan  of  the  underwriters  Is  to  direct  attentioit  to 
pattiaihe  measures  which  will  reduce  fire  waste  gradually  but  not  too 
fast;  which  will  reduce  fire  loss  more  rapidly  than  the  companies  are 
obliged  to  reduce  premium  rates ;  which  will,  therefore,  result  in  better 
net  profits  and  a  slow  readjustment  of  organizations  and  methods,  at 
tile  expense  ctf  the  public. 

Fourth:  Luniber  and  shingles  are  selected  as  scq>e-goats,  be- 
cause of  the  appeal  to  the  imagination ;  because  there  are  millions  of 
buildings  still  standing  and  which  will  continue  to  stand  and  furnish 
an  excuse  for  high  rates;  and  because  the  insurance  men  are  satisfied 
that  in  spite  of  their  propaganda  the  people  will  continue  to  maintain 
a  condition  of  fire  waste  profitable  to  the  companies. 


TRB  WWACB  TO  unom 


I  stated  earlier  that  lumhermen  come  in  conflict  witii  tiie  under* 
writers  first  at  the  point  where  they  stop  short  of  the  public  interest 

to  serve  their  private  interests. 

It  is  this  greater  conception  of  a  social  service  and  of  the  com- 


Fub  Hazaid  Attack  ok  Lomib 


munity  interest,  as  distinguished  from  the  selfish  class  interest,  that  we 
as  lumbermen  stand  for. 

The  underwriters  make  no  pretense  of  givh^  statistics  which 

justify  their  attack  upon  lumber  and  upon  shingles.  My  investigation 
leads  me  to  believe  that  there  are  no  such  statistics,  but  that  in  fact  a 
proper  tabulation  of  statistics  will  show  that  the  denunciation  of  lum- 
ber and  the  indictment,  cotored  with  fire  and  framed  with  epithets,  is 
insincere  and  mdefensible,  and  that  lumber  is  not  guilty  of  the  crimes 
charged  against  it. 

We  challenge  the  underwriters  to  produce  the  statistics  which 
justify  or  excuse  these  lumber  hysterics.  Let  them  produce  such  sta- 
tistics or  stand  convicted  of  deception  and  misrepresentation  and  du- 
plicity. 

A  tUffist  analysis  of  the  insuraim  con^anies'  statistics  and  claims 
will  help  to  an  understanding  of  the  subject 

Secretary  Wentworth  asserts  that  "out  of  ii,ooo  fires  in  sprinklered 
buildings  in  the  past  fifteen  years,  not  a  single  instance  shows  the  fail- 
ure of  a  standard  sprinkler  head  to  extinguish  or  to  hold  the  fire  in 
chedc,  except  where  tan^tered  with  or  crippled  by  explosion."  A  per- 
fect record. 

He  does  not  say  how  mai^  of  these  9pnaidien  wm  m  strictly 
fireproof  buildings  absohitely  devM  of  wood,  hut  everybody  knows 

that  there  was  not  one  single  instance  of  that  character.  Everybody 
knows  that  every  such  building  not  only  had  wood  in  it,  but  that  only 
a  small  amount  of  water  was  required  to  dampen  the  wood  so  that  the 
fire  did  not  spread. 

George  Ethelbert  Wakh  states: 

'*It  is  estimated  that  there  are  about  12,000,000  stnictnreg  of  one  kind  and 
another  in  this  country,  indndii^  the  public  buildings  and  mansions  of  the 
wealthy  as  well  as  the  humble  houses  of  the  poor  in  the  dtiet  aad  hi  tbs  eountry. 
Now  in  spite  of  our  great  strides  in  fire  proofing  there  are  not  more  than  10,000 
of  these  12,000,000  stmetoras  whaeh  Iuiyo  beea  built  witk  any  Mrioas  attenpt  to 
make  them  fire  proof." 

In  my  opinion,  this  is  a  raw  guess,  but  take  it  at  its  face  value. 
Compare  the  losses  in  the  io,ooo  fire-proof  buildings  during  the  past 
ten  years  with  the  losses  in  sprinklered  buildings,  as  quoted  from  Secre- 
tary Wentworth  above.  Visions  of  wrecks  of  "fire  proof"  buildings 
and  the  values  destroyed  with  them,  and  the  lives  lo^  in  them,  fill  the 
memory  of  every  man,  from  the  Equitable  Life  Building,  the  Asdi 
Building  and  the  Paiker  Building  in  New  Yod^  to  the  rmns  of  the 


iy6        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

conflagrations  of  Baltimore  and  San  Francisco  and  the  hmnaii  detoli!* 
tion  of  the  Iroquois  Theatre  fire. 

internal  construction  and  cars  of  property  greatest  hazard 

With  utter  and  reckless  disregard  of  fact,  frame  buildings  and 
shingle  roofs  are  stigmatized  as  the  cause  of  conflagrations.  Of 
course,  shingle  roofs  and  frame  buildings  will  burn,  when  dry  and  un- 
protected and  exposed  to  fire.  Of  course,  when  frame  houses  are  built 
widKNtt  my  considermtioit  of  fire  haxard  and  are  piled  and  jumbled 
tofedia*  aad  set  up  in  rows  ts  tlioi:^  pkmncd  lor  a  bonfire,  there  will 
be  fire  loss.  This  is  not  conclusive  mt  all  that  frame  buildings  or  shingle 
roofs  are  responsible  for  the  largest  part  of  fire  waste.  The  greatest 
values  in  structures  and  contents  are  not  in  frame  buildings  but  in 
tsrick  and  stone  and  steel  structures,  and  the  greatest  hazard  under 
any  condition  is  the  internal  construction  and  the  care  of  the  property. 

I  am  nol  eonlendii^  diat  an  structures  should  be  of  wood  and  that 
no  structure  should  be  widiout  wood.  I  am  contending  for  a  reason- 
able and  sane  and  honest  treatment  of  the  subject,  and  for  an  appor- 
tionment of  the  hazard  as  it  exists  and  not  as  it  is  misrepresented. 

There  is  no  source  of  information  to  which  lumbermen  may  turn 
and  find  statistics  accumulated  and  tabulated  to  prove  the  case  either 
lor  or  agaimt  tibem. 

The  partial  statistics  wUch  ai«  available  and  mfakk  may  be  availed 
of  by  further  research  will  certamly  tend  to  show  that  the  campaign 
against  wood  is  not  founded  on  fact. 

In  the  absence  of  official  action  by  the  Federal  government  or  by 
the  states  to  provide  us  with  trustworthy  statistical  records,  much  can 
be  done  by  lumbermen  to  prove  their  case,  and  much  must  be  done  by 
kmbemien,  if  anybody  is  to  do  i^  became  tiie  himber  industry  is  the 
industry  tfiat  sufi^s  most  of  all  from  tiie  ^se  propaganda. 

CONFLAGRATIOir 

We  challenge  the  writers  and  speakers  who  loosely  and  carelessly 
charge  lumber  and  shingles  with  the  responsibility  for  conflagration  to 
produce  their  records  and  submit  them  to  analysis. 

The  Bangor  conflagration  was  a  hay  fire. 

The  Chelsea  conflagration  was  a  rag  fire. 

^iHwnof^  was  a  ociluloid  fire. 

San  Fraaciioo  was  an  eartfiqualce  foe. 


Fam  Hazard  Attack  mr  LuMm  177 

Chicago  was  a  kerosene-cow  fire. 
Toronto  was  a  necktie  fire. 
New  Orleans  was  a  terminal  fire. 

Houston  indeed  started  in  a  deserted  dwelling,  but  the  official  re- 
port shows  that  it  was  not  a  shingle  fire,  and  would  have  been  an  insig- 
nificant fire  except  for  cotton. 

THK  CRIMINAL  MATCH 

A  slight  inspection  of  the  Massachusetts  Report,  for  example, 
makes  this  exhibit : 

In  die  case  of  5,939  fires,  exposii^  a  valuation  <^  $124,- 


451,20a  and  cauuf^  an  msnrance  loss  of  $^>547>53745 

The  "Criminal  Match"  is  charged  with  (about  7.2  per 

cent)    542,103.46 

Leaving  to  other  causes  (about  92.81  per  cent)  $7,005,433.99 


Careless  smoking,  heating  apparatus  or  spontaneous  combustion 
each  contributed  far  more  than  the  ''Crknmal  Match." 
See  ^  f dlowing  tidble : 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATISTICS 


FIBES  CLASSIFIED  BY  CAUSES:   Page  632. 


Fifif-Mh  Ammd  M^port,  1911: 

Miqr  6,  lait 

Nwmiber  of  fires. 

Valuation. 

Insurance  loss. 

$124,451^02 

$7,547,537.45 

  524 

7,575^ 

681,602.51 

  73 

387,075 

18,527.85 

  630 

7,886,064 

260,350.54 

  488 

1,975,039 

93,925.92 

  S17 

1,971^ 

52,648J0 

623,300 

52,105.61 

  286 

1,449,027 

278,731.97 

  75 

7^17,263 

450,275.87 

3^38,360 

397,779.06 

16,544,774 

124,453.60 

1,119,698 

73,278.73 

  120 

702,126 

119,227.69 

3,246,282 

81,971.63 

3,683,953 

399388J2 

Snap  matches  or  sparks  from  xdmJU 

dwv*  •  •  •  102 

3,562,125 

16.926.18 

  85 

325,601 

47,911.61 

  220 

1,730,210 

51,923.72 

10,906,786 

826,698.40 

3,234,789 

180,444.20 

Bali  aad  wMtm  

2.436iM»2 

170,900^8 

178        National  Lumber  Manufacturees*  Association 

No  controlling  action  can  be  taken  without  a  working  knowledge 
of  facts.  First,  then,  how  can  we  get  the  facts  which  must  govern  us, 
and  which  will  govern  the  public  judgment? 

It  b  not  necessary  to  wait  until  complete  and  verified  statistics 
covering  a  Umg  term  of  years  and  the  entire  country  have  been  accu- 
mulated. Neither  is  it  necessary  to  accumtdate  statistics  concerning 
the  hundreds  of  classifications  of  property  which  enter  tnto  the  cakn- 
lation  of  grand  averages. 

There  are  twelve  associations  affiliated  in  this  National  Lumber 
Manufacturers'  Association,  with  an  annual  lumber  production  of 
15,000^000^000  feet  of  lumber,  representing  every  zone  of  lumber  pro- 
dnctkw  and  constnnption  in  tiie  country,  exceptfa^  New  England  and 
QuMda.  Cooperation  \jy  this  wideq>read  and  powerfnl  aggr^tion, 
under  consolidated  leadership,  having  a  comprehensive  knowledge  of 
the  business  and  an  adequate  grasp  of  the  situation,  would  produce 
widespread  and  early  results. 

It  would  lead  to  a  coordination  of  effort  not  only  with  associa- 
tkms  of  whdesakrs  and  retailers  and  of  the  class  organizatk>ns  of 
woodworkers  and  fnmitnre  Victories*  implement  and  vehicle  manufac- 
turers, etc,  tmt  through  the  edncaled  intelligence  and  tiie  awakened 
conscience  of  this  nucleus  of  men  in  eadi  comnranity  the  property- 
owners  of  every  kind  would  soon  unite  with  the  movement  and  take 
into  their  own  control  the  function  of  adequately  conserving  prop- 
erty and  life,  and  of  economically  and  equitably  distributing  the 
imavo^able  loss.  The  resultii^  economies  to  the  nation  would  in  a 
few  years  amount  to  hundreds  of  millions  of  ddlars.  Not  only  would 
the  cost  of  insurance  be  reduced  at  least  one-half,  but  the  uncaku- 
lated  saving  of  uninsured  property,  of  interruption  to  business  and 
commerce,  and  of  life  and  activity  which  will  otherwise  be  sacrificed, 
would  be  of  momentous  importance. 

FIGHTING  STRENGTH 

The  personnel,  the  capital  and  the  values  at  risk  in  our  industry 
greatly  outclass  the  similar  i^^gr^tes  in  tiie  msnranoe  industry. 
Vast  as  the  figui^s  are  of  insurance  in  force,  roughly  supposed 

to  be  about  $50,000,000,000,  80  per  cent  of  all  of  the  insurance  is 
written  by  a  mere  handful  of  companies  conducted  by  a  mere  handful 
of  men  when  compared  with  the  great  number  of  organizations  and 
^  msl  army  of  men  connected  with  our  industry. 


Wmm  HasMED  Araacx  oir  f  ommmt 


m 


On  our  iMe,  in  any  confliot,  after  the  terms  are  known,  must  be 
ranf(ed  every  knytt  of  insurance  and  every  pmpci  ty-owncr  and  cvciy 
man  who  is  inspired  witfi  the  social  instinct 

On  their  side  can  only  be  massed  the  limited  force  which  now 
profits  by  the  perpetuation  of  conditions  which  are  already  the  subject 
of  revolution. 

This  skows  the  utter  absurdity  of  permitting  the  control  of  this 
pnUkm  i»  remain  in  the  hands  of  undtrwnters  whose  selfish  interest 
is  opposed  to  the  coaoununfty  interest. 

The  insurance  organization  has  intrenched  itself  behind  hundreds 

of  defenses,  including  not  less  than  300  separate  organizations  sup- 
porting more  than  eighty  insurance  journals  and  covering  every  sec- 
tion of  the  country,  with  an  unknown  number  of  local  boards  responsive 
to  their  contrd. 

The  country  has  been  divided  into  a  few  grand  divisicms  which 
have  operated  widi  something  like  independence  in  their  several  fields, 
as  rehiled  to  the  other  grand  divisions,  but  widi  approximate  monopoly 
within  each  grand  division  in  dealing  with  the  property-owner. 

ACTIVITY  OP  THE  INSURASrCB  ORGANIZATIONS 

Every  day  the  organizations  approach  closer  and  closer  to  solid- 
arity. The  Western  Union,  for  example,  controUkig  about  nineteen 
states,  has  phced  in  dmrgt  of  publicity  and  legislation  a  paid  and 
trained  insurance  attorney,  with  all  of  the  power  of  the  organizations 
back  of  him.  It  is  now  proposed  to  nationalize  the  plan  and  to  unite 
all  companies  under  one  organization  to  be  managed  by  former  Super- 
intendent Hotchkins,  of  New  York,  at  a  salary  of  $25,000  a  year,  and 
with  at  least  $50,000  per  annum  for  his  expense  account,  and  with  the 
right  of  tlie  otganiiatkm  to  assess  the  con^anies  lor  further  sians 
die  hasis  of  the  business  trttisMted  by  eadi. 

What  show  has  ^e  focal  trade  orgamzatk)n  or  die  state  political 
organization  or  the  unorganized  property-owner  of  any  kind  anywhere 
in  conflict  with  that  consolidated  power  and  unity  of  purpose? 

Against  this  aggregation  the  lumbermen  have  set  up  a  few  toy 
organizations,  under  ike  name  of  Mutuals,  Uoyds,  Inter-Insurers  and 
odier  cooperative  forms  <^  insurauoe.  There  were  twenty^^^  i^diese 
crganizatkms  at  last  accounts  widi  others  m  prospect  They  had 
a  known  aggregate  of  bnshiess  in  force  of  about  $420,000,000;  the 
volume  of  insurance  in  force  in  the  eight  Inter-Insurance  concerns 
is  not  known. 


i8o       National  Lumber  Manufactubbbs'  AasooATioir 

The  ridiculous  inadequacy  of  four  hundred  or  ive  hundred  milUcRit 

of  class  insurance  to  compete  with  or  control  fifty  thousand  millioilt 
of  general  insurance  leaves  no  standing  room  for  argument. 

But  aside  from  the  inadequacy  of  scope  and  capital,  the  very  con- 
ception of  these  oompanici  totally  unfits  tern  deal  with  the  kfftr 
proUon. 

Within  two  weeks  or  two  months  from  tiie  date  of  die  organim- 

tion  of  a  Mutual  or  similar  concern,  the  managers  and  attorneys  and 
clerks  climb  into  the  insurance  band  wagon  and  ride  with  the  proces- 
sion. This  is  a  perfectly  natural  situation,  which  has  not  had  due  con- 
sideration. It  is  a  subject  wluch  deserves  separate  consideration. 

These  organiaations,  however^  if  codperatiiig  with  the  industry  lor 
die  benefit  of  society,  nd^kt  be  of  the  greatest  service.  The  data  and 
the  expert  training  whidi  are  in  their  cooird  would  be  of  great  service 
to  a  delegate  committee  dealing  with  the  insurance  problem. 

COLLBCnVS  INXBBB8T 

X 

» 

No  progress  can  be  made  until  the  mind  grasps  the  conception 
€i  the  whole  fire  proUem  as  a  community  firoblcm  as  distinguished  from 
a  private  problem. 

We  are  dealing  with  '^The  Fire  Hazard  Attack  on  Lumber/'  not  at 
all  with  the  cost  of  insuring  lumber  and  lumber  properties. 

The  problem  is,  how  to  grasp  the  situation  and  to  deal  with  it  so 
that  the  demand  for  lumber  and  its  products  shall  not  suffer  unduly 
from  the  ccmspiracy  of  the  fire  insurance  propaganda  and  the  exploiters 
of  competing  matoials. 

Legislation  and  dty  ordinances  are  afready  m  eflFect  and  more,  are 
promised  whidi  are  uneconomic  and  against  public  policy,  designed  and 
fostered  by  those  who  desire  to  profit  at  our  expense. 

Every  city  and  every  village  presents  the  same  problem  of  fire 
waste,  when  viewed  as  a  collective  proUem,  that  an  extensive  manu- 
facturing industry  presents. 

There  is  no  engineering  or  financial  problem  connected  with  the 
reductwn  of  fire  waste  and  the  economic  construction  and  devdopment 
of  a  dty  wludi  is  not  invvrfved  and  has  not  been  sdved  hi  indtvidnal 
plants. 

The  greater  loss  of  values  by  fire  is  not  on  buildings  but  on  con- 
tents. The  present  system  of  extinguishing  fires  is  respooi^ble  for  a 
large  part  of  die  km. 


Fnm  Hazabd  Attack  on  LuuHt  lAi 

The  New  England  Mutuals  long  ago  worked  out  every  feature 
of  die  problem  of  protection  and  proration.  They  aro  oovmd  by 
three  simple  terms: 

Enlightened  engineering. 
Automatic  sprinklers. 
Caro  and  siqiervision. 

Every  town  and  every  city  under  such  conditions  could  in  less  than 
ten  years  reduce  its  fire  waste  75  per  cent,  and  its  fire  cost  an  equal 
amount,  and  all  without  increasing  taxation  or  the  cost  of  insurance. 
This  is  the  step  which  the  Underwriters  oppose. 

This  is  no  iridescent  dream.  I  would  undertake  to  do  it  for  any  dty 
wbkh  will  follow  my  direction,  and  I  would  advance  the  necessary 
money  and  take  my  pay  out  of  die  savings  in  insurance  cost 

MEANS  OF  SECURING  PRACTICAL  REFORMS 

This  would  simply  necessitate  the  cooperation  of  the  princqMd 
insurance  buyers  in  the  place  and  a  reasonable  revisbn  of  the  laws  or 
ordinances,  wherever  necessary  to  serve  the  public  interest  Under 
diese  conditions  burdensome  restrictions  now  imposed  could  be  done 

away  with,  and  individuals  might  build  and  develop  naturally  and 
along  economic  lines,  and  no  existing  industry,  old  or  new,  need  su£Eer 
from  arbitrary  discriminations. 

This  would  invc^ve  the  expeoBt  of  investigating  the  fire  record  of 
the  dty  and  of  giving  to  each  separate  dty  the  best  trained  engineering 
skin  lor  die  solution  of  its  problems. 

The  organization  required  would  be  merely  the  cooperation  of  the 
prindpal  buyers  of  insurance  contributing  to  a  preliminary  fund  and 
cooperating  to  obtain  the  adoption  of  measures  which  nu^t  be  finally 
detefmmed  upon. 

TWs  would  involve  also  the  problem  of  building  ordinances,  of 
police  and  fire  departments,  of  water  supply,  of  supervision  and  inspec- 
tion, of  statistical  records,  and  of  financing  the  total  operation. 

It  would  not  requiro  the  installation  of  ^rinldm  in  all  plants  or 
properties,  or  in  every  part  of  eveiy  particular  property,  and  it  would 
not  involve  the  present  extravagant  S3rstem  of  multiple  water  supplies. 

It  should  have  the  support  of  every  tradesman  or  merchant  who 
has  to  do  with  wood  and  its  products.  It  would  not  be  necessary  for 
carpenters,  painters,  cabinet  makers,  and  so  <m  down  the  list  of  trades 


whkh  are  f canikd  upon  wood  and  its  pro^idiy  to  km  «  mm  tnda 
or  to  engage  in  a  new  bminett. 

It  would  not  obstruct  or  hinder  in  any  way  the  developmeot  of 
clay,  or  concrete,  or  steel  construction,  wherever  such  constructioo 
could  be  justified  by  the  statement  of  facts. 

In  every  case  the  community  interest  should  have  first  considera- 
tion, limitations  of  height  or  area  or  subdivisions  or  exits  or  of  use  or 
,  slKNikl  all  be  subject  to  tiie  cpUective  imerest  of  the 
lity. 

This  would  afford  lumber  every  consideration  to  which  it  is  entitled 
witiiout  granting  it  any  privilege  or  favor  to  which  it  is  not  entitled. 

This  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  with  its  wide 
extended  membership  and  its  greatly  diversified  interests,  can  put  its 
hands 


i^ioii  hmdreds  of  c^act  and  towns  and  obtain  the  cooperation 
of  tiie  i»operty  owners  and  tiie  early  reform  of  conditions. 

Origaniae  a  representathre  committee  of  lumbermen,  whose  enlight- 
enment and  reputation  would  command  respect.  Let  them  devise  and 
recommend  forms  of  organization  and  statistics  for  each  afi&liated 
organization  and  for  the  use  of  communities. 

Let  them  devise  or  provide  material  for  publication  and  distribit- 
tion  designed  to  educate  public  sentiment  governed  by  the  social  oon- 
sdenoe»  and  not  designed  to  ei^loft  one  part  of  the  community  lor  the 
profit  of  another. 

This  committee  should  have  at  its  disposal  a  moderate  fund  for  the 
employment  of  expert  help  in  the  technical  and  publicity  departments. 
It  is  not  a  field  for  amateur  adventure. 


fOlIlIAaY 

The  atladc  upon  lumber  is  an  ecxmomie  crtee.  It  is  fostered  by 
selfish  interests  opposed  to  tfie  public  interest.  It  can  be  defeated 
enlightened  public  sentiment  and  an  awakened  conscience.  Opposed 
to  us  is  an  organized  and  disciplined  force,  bound  together  by  self-inter- 
est»  and  subject  to  centraliaed  control  To  overoooie  that  force  we 
most  assendble  ^  greater  amiy  of  property-owners  and  woricers  of 
an  ^lose  interests  ^t  are  being  saerifieed  and.maraadeA  Enliglilcned 
engineering,  automatic  sprinklers  and  care  and  snpenrisioo  will  redooe 
the  hazard  to  economic  proportions. 

I  beg  to  urge  the  immediate  crystalization  of  opinion  into  a  force 
as  big  as  the  nation  organized  for  an  aggressive  campaign  [Applanaej 


Fibs  Hasaho  Attack  on  Lumbbe  i8$ 

President  Gsiggs  :  I  will  now  call  upon  Mr.  W.  A.  Gilchrist,  of 
Menq4us»  Tenn.,  <me  of  our  prominent  members,  who  had  the  temerity 
to  attend  a  convention  on  tins  sanK  matter  that  was  held  in  St  PauL 
Mr.  Gildirist  said  that  he  was  not  accorded  privilege  of  the  floor  to 
the  extent  that  he  would  like  to  have  had  it ;  but  I  want  to  say  that  on 
this  floor  he  can  take  just  as  long  as  he  wants  to  on  this  subject. 

Fircproofing  Forwt  Products 

BY  w.  A.  csiJCBxm,  09  if Biirais,  TEmr. 

Thank  you  kindly,  Mr.  President.  There  are  two  things  that  com- 
mand the  respect  of  all  men,  fire  and  flood.  I  think  in  my  present 
temper  I  can  probably  discuss  the  latter  situation  much  more  appro- 
priately than  this  one.  I  could  teU  you  more  about  the  effect  of 
sanflttMigs  upon  Mississippi  river  waters  than  I  could  about  the  daqgers 
tiiat  might  arise  to  wood  from  a  conflagratkm  in  New  York. 

I  received  a  communication  from  President  Griggs  sometime  in 
September,  requesting  me  to  proceed  from  Memphis  to  St.  Paul  to 
attend  the  meeting  which  the  previous  speaker  has  just  mentioned. 
Right  here,  let  me  say  to  you  that  whenever  you  receive  a  modestly 
worded  request  from  your  president,  Mr.  Griggs,  you  can  just  assume 
diat  it  is  a  command  and  it  will  not  do  yon  any  good  to  resist  it 
Just  proceed  to  carry  it  oat  and  it  will  save  time.  In  Uie  case  I  have 
just  cited  I  attempted  to  get  out  of  covering  the  small  distance  from 
Memphis  to  St.  Paul,  as  I  knew  that  Mr.  J.  E.  Rhodes  would  be  on 
hand,  and  that  he  would  be  abundantly  able  to  take  care  of  our  inter- 
ests, and  so  I  suggested  to  President  Griggs,  thinking  it  would  afford 
an  opportunity  to  secure  my  rdease;  but  it  didn't  gow  As  I  told  yon, 
yon  had  bettor  do  as  ^  President  says  every  time. 

When  I  got  up  there  I  found  tlttt  Mr.  Rhodes  had  tiie  situation 
well  in  hand,  as  he  always  has  in  everything  he  undertakes,  and  there 
was  little  to  be  done  except  to  listen  to  the  address  of  Franklin  H. 
Wentworth,  who  seemed  to  be  the  star  of  the  occasion. 

I  disagree  with  my  friend  as  to  the  ill-advised  meetings  held  under 
the  Credit  association.  I  think  they  were  a  littte  more  effective  than 
has  been  attrflmted  to  thcov  becanse  of  die  fact  that  the  Governor  had 
called  this  meeting  widi  ^  Credit  association,  and  it  received  encmnous 
attention,  and  the  interest  excited  made  it  well  worth  notice. 

Mr.  Wentworth  is  an  effective  speaker.   I  understand  that  he  is 


i84        National  Luiuher  Manufacturbrs'  AieociAXiON 


a  lawyer  and  also  had  two  or  three  years  of  experience  on  the  stage, 
and  he  combines  in  his  oratory  all  that  he  has  derived  from  both  expeii- 
enoes  with  great  effect.  He  went  into  the  history  and  devetopment  of 
the  underwriters'  side  of  it  and  ourrkd  it  aloqg  step  by  step  iintil  yon 
would  jnsl  say  that  there  was  no  aigument  to  be  brought  fonntrd 
from  any  other  aspect  of  the  nmtter.  The  result  of  it  was  that,  as 
members  of  the  forest  industries,  the  only  conclusion  that  we  arrived 
at  was  either  that  the  interests  that  he  represents  must  be  permitted  to 
proceed  along  the  lines  that  they  have  mapped  out,  or  that  they  will 
absoluely  injure  bey<Hid  rqpair  the  lumber  industry — ^the  forest  prod- 
ucts industry.  The  second  coochision  I  arrived  at  was,  if  the  accusa- 
tkNi  were  pomted  at  us,  that  we  are  guilty  in  that  not  one  of  ut  is 
dc^g  a  single  tiling  to  create  a  material  8»ch  that  the  people  will  say 
it  is  fireproof.  The  conclusion  was  that  it  is  absokitely  necessary  that 
that  is  one  of  the  things  that  we  must  do. 

LUMBEEMEN  SHOULD  ENDEAVOR  TO  FIREPEOOF  THSUt  PRODUCTS 

I  do  not  think  that  we  will  ever  be  aMe  to  obtain  an  absolutely 
mo-coiiibttstible  nu^erial,  or  that  we  w31  be  required  to,  but  we  must 
teve  a  non-haaardous  one,  at  least  I  think  that  is  incumbent  upon 
every  member  of  this  industry,  not  only  the  lumber  manufacturers' 
associations,  but  individual  lumber  manufacturers,  because  they  are 
the  only  ones  big  enough  to  see  it.  You  will  find  that  it  will  be  loaded 
back  on  to  this  branch  of  the  industry,  and  that  we  must  promote 
private  research  laboratories  that  will  scdve  this  proUem, 

Due  credit  is  given  to  the  Forestry  Department  for  tiieir  labora- 
tories; but  on  tli|jppMy  Hiat  two  imlitiitkms  are  better  than  one,  I 
fMsk  that  the  time  is  here  when  dds  Nalbnal  <Mganizatkm  should  take 
hold  of  this  and  develop  it. 

My  conclusions  are,  as  you  see,  informally  expressed,  but  they 
ought  to  appeal  to  every  gentleman  in  my  hearing. 

All  of  us  have  got  to  get  together  upon  this  question  because  we 
will  have  to  solve  it  in  some  manner.  Not  being  mysdf  a  chemist  I 
have  no  idea  of  how  it  is  to  be  done,  but  we  will  have  to  offer  tfiem 
something  that  is  treated  in  sudi  a  manner  that  it  is  semi-fireproof, 
and  then  we  will  have  won  the  victory.  But  when  the  interior  metal 
trim  man  comes  out  here,  as  they  did  after  the  Equitable  fire,  and 
exhibits  his  interior  metal  trim — which  itself  is  filled  with  wood,  and 
after  the  cooflagratkm  proved  to  be  only  semi-firq^roof — then  we  have 


The  FiOBL&ii  of  Our  Logged-Qff  Lands  i4S* 

a  rattling  good  chance  with  ours,  if  we  can  only  get  the  proper  chem- 
ical assistance. 

Gentlemen,  I  thank  you.  [Applause.] 

PRBsmsNT  Griggs:  The  next  p^r  on  our  program  is  by  Mr. 
J.  J.  Donovan,  Bdliiq^ham,  Wash.,  on  "Devekipment  of  Qit  Om 
Lands.'' 

Men  or  Trees? 
The  Problem  of  Our  Logged-Off  Landa 

BY  J.  J.  DONOVAN,  OF  BELUNGHAM,  WASH. 

The  nation-wide  interest  in  conservation  of  our  resources  has 
caused  special  attention  to  be  given  the  great  areas  of  stump  land 
lying  idle  in  every  lumber  producing  state. 

Lumbermen  have  been  condemned,  unheard  or  unheeded,  as  de- 
stroyers of  a  grieat  resource  and  putting  nothing  in  its  place  by  well- 
meaning  men  and  womoi  ^tfbo  have  only  snperfidalfy  riaminrd 
situation  or  view  it  from  the  standpoint  of  the  mudcraker  and  sensa- 
tionalist. 

The  land  owner,  after  the  trees  are  cut,  has  had  to  face  archaic 
tax  conditions,  poor  soil  or  heavy  drainage  or  stump  removing  expense, 
so  that  unless  he  had  large  capital  and  was  willing  to  wait  long  for 
rettuiu  it  was  impossible  to  utilise  the  land.  Choice  spots  near  the 
cities  and  akxig  the  rivers  have  been  deared  vp,  usually  by  industrious 
men  of  foreign  birth  who  were  not  hunting  a  short  cut  to  weatt»  but 
many  of  them  now  have  fine  farms  and  comfortable  homes  as  a  result 
of  their  struggles  with  the  stumps.  This  method  of  reclamation  has 
been  slow  and  unnecessarily  wasteful  of  labor  and^  time. 

COST  REDUCED  IN  CLEARING  LARGE  TRACTS 

Dynamite,  donkey  engines,  gasoline  and  electric  blowers,  char  pit- 
ting and,  for  all  stun^  save  those  of  the  Pmd&c  Coast,  hone  mafhinn 
greatly  reduce  cost  when  inteiligendy  used. 

When  all  excuses  are  made,  the  fact  remains  dutt  there  are  many 

millions  of  acres  of  this  cutover  land  lying  absolutely  useless  in  the 
United  States  today  in  spite  of  the  land  hunger  that  fills  the  waiting 
lines  for  weeks  prior  to  any  offering  of  land  by  the  government,  and 
sends  one  hundred  thousand  American  dtiaens  each  year  to  the  Cana- 


National  Lumb£e  Manufactubebs'  Association 


dim  Northwest  What  is  the  matter?  Some  answer,  "high  taxes"; 
others,  "poor  soil" ;  others,  "expensive  labor,  lack  of  markets,  need  of 
drainage,"  and  so  the  story  goes.  There  is  some  truth  in  all  these 
daims,  tmt  there  is  room  for  millions  of  people  on  these  lends  and 
ccrtiinly  of  good  fetaim  if  tiieK  IS  i^ellig^ 

I  am  fairly  famlHar  wi^  conditions  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
United  States,  and  realize  fully  that  the  lumbermen  are  not  wholly 
Uameless,  but  the  legal  and  economic  conditions  are  such  in  most  cases 
that  they  have  had  little  choice.  The  same  men  who  demand  that  for 
every  tree  cut  one  be  planted,  object  to  changes  in  ^tem  of  taxation 
which  make  it  pos^ble  to  reforest  with  any  chance  of  piofit  There- 
lore,  much  land  reverts  for  non-payment  of  taxes  to  counties  which 
continue  tiie  do-nodiing  policy  of  the  original  owner.  When  the 
states  are  owners  and  have  sold  the  timber,  they  generally  make  no 
use  of  the  logged-off  land  until  some  settler  finds  a  choice  piece  of 
agricultural  land  which  is  then  sold. 

LAND  SHOULD  BE  CLASSIFIED 

Whether  the  owner  is  the  state  or  a  private  eompuxy  or  an  indi- 
vidual we  need  a  revision  of  our  laws  and  awakening  of  interest  so 
tiiat  land  will  be  used— - 

First  AgrknlturaUy,  wherever  soil  is  suitable,  that  our  citizens 
se^ii^  homes  may  remain  under  our  own  flag. 

Second.  For  grazing  if  conditions  do  not  warrant  removing 
stumps  and  bringing  under  the  plow. 

Third.  For  reforesting  such  tracts  as  are  not  available  lor  better 

uses. 

How  shidl  thb  be  acconqilished?  For  bringing  stump  land  under 
Ac  plow  some  advocate  assistance  from  the  state  analogous  to  that 
given  in  reclaiming  desert  lands  by  irrigation,  or  by  improvement  dis- 
tricts similar  to  those  under  which  swamp-lands  have  been  reclaimed. 
Minnesota  has  a  law  of  this  character  and  I  trust  some  delegate  from 
that  state  will  tell  us  whether  it  is  of  piactical  benefit 

DSVELOPMENT  BY  PlIVATB  WMtM3anm  AOVOCATID 

In  Washington  many  good  men  advocate  state  aid  on  one  of  the 
above  plans.  I  doubt  the  wisdom  of  this  policy  and  believe  private 
enterprise  can  solve  the  problem  in  eveiy  case  what  tiie  real  vihie  of 
the  land  wnnanls  Ac  expense.  Laige  holdings  can  be  improved  at 


Tim  PMSLiii  or  Out  Loos»Ofy  iMm 


187 


less  'eiqiensepef  acre  tltttt  small  ones  and  for  this  reason  if  the  logging 
eompnim  tfaemsdves  do  not  dear  up  die  land,  holding  companies 
devoted  to  dearing  and  selling  are  necessary,  and  such  a  plan  is  just 

being  made  effective  in  southwestern  Washington. 

The  company  which  I  represent,  the  Lake  Whatcom  Logging 
Coaxpmay,  of  Bellingham,  Wa^,  has  placed  fifty-two  individual  set- 
den  or  &n^es  on  logged-off  lands  during  the  past  five  years  and  not 
one  has  dirown  up  his  contract.  Most  have  paid  up  in  full,  are  pros- 
perous and  contented.  Our  theory  is  to  sell  in  small  tracts  to  actual 
settlers,  at  reasonable  prices,  on  easy  terms,  and  to  help  with  lumber 
and  clearing  where  moderate  payment  is  made.  We  do  not  offer  land 
until  we  have  opened  roads  and  secured  fair  mail  and  school  facilities. 

Wherever  die  soil  is  good  and  companies  secure  a  good  class  of 
setders,  this  plan  will  solve  the  problem.   The  second  class  lands, 

suitable  for  grazing  or  too  remote  fr^m  centers  of  population  to  war- 
rant expense  of  removing  stumps,  can  be  made  of  value  by  burning  over 
in  the  spring  or  faU  and  following  up  with  a  moderate  sowing  of 
timothy  and  dover  as  soon  as  the  ashes  cool.  Anyone  interested  in  this 
phase  of  devdopment  should  obtain  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture's  Farm  Bfdledn  462,  ''The  Utilization  of  Logged-off  Land 
for  Pastures  in  Western  Oregon  and  Western  Washington,"  by  Byron 
Hunter  and  Harry  Thompson,  who  have  investigated  the  question  at 
length  and  have  deducted  many  valuable  conclusions. 

The  bulletins  of  the  Logged-off  Land  Association  of  the  State 
of  Washington  contain  mudi  information  of  value.  Its  President  is 
Mr.  J.  W.  Brown,  Alaska  Buildmg,  Seatde,  Wash.,  ixom  whom  diese 
bulletins  may  be  obtained.  This  organization,  formed  in  1906,  secured 
cooperation  of  the  State  of  Washington  and  of  the  agricultural  depart- 
ment of  the  United  States,  and  much  reliable  information  has  been  com- 
piled as  to  dearing  costs  and  methods. 

DIfFICULTIBS  €9  SBVCMUSSTATION 

Reforesting  culover  lands  sdentifically  has  made  litde  progress 
on  the  FmBc  G)ast,  even  inside  the  United  States  Reserves,  the  area 
treated  bdng  a  very  small  percentage  of  the  wlK^e.  The  statm  and 

private  individuals  have  done  practically  nothing  as  yet  because  there 
was  neither  economic  reasons  nor  public  sentiment  requiring  it.  This 
condition  is  changing  and  most  of  the  states  now  have  forestry  depart- 


i 


i88        NAtrnKAL  LuMiBt  Manufacturbrs'  Association 

meats  wliote  importance  Is  bdng  raSscd  and  supported  by  the  le«s- 
btures. 

Existing  tax  laws  make  impossible  reforesting  by  private  owners 
except  in  isolated  cases.  Land  suitable  for  such  purposes  f*MMiM  be 
acquired  by  the  state  at  a  maximum  price  of,  say,  $5  per  acre,  and 
modern  practical  forestry  methods  applied  which  will  tunttom  a 
waste  into  a  toaroe  of  tente  wapffy  and  revenue  to  tiie  state  fifty 
yeafs  netice» 

Each  state  dioitld  dassify  its  cotover  lands  under  one  of  the  three 
heads  given  and  sell  the  two  first  named  classes.  The  balance  should 
be  reforested.  When  these  suggestions  are  applied  to  the  idle  tangle 
of  brush  and  stumps  covering  many  millions  of  acres  m  the  North  and 
West,  conditions  will  no  longer  reproach  the  lumbermen  nor  the  people 
of  the  state  affected.  There  are  hornet  for  millions  under  far  more 
favorable  conditions  Oian  govern  life  on  the  oold  northern  plains,  but 
cooperation  and  intdligence  are  needed  to  make  these  lands  available. 

PkBSiDBNT  GaiOGs:  The  next  number  on  our  program  is  an 
address  by  Mr.  McGarvey  Qine,  Director,  Forest  Products  Labora- 
tory, Madison,  Wis.,  on  the  subject  of  "The  Lumbermen  an4  the  Wood 
Using  Industries."  Mr.  Qine  is  unable  to  be  in  •n^.wi^ti^  ^ 
has  requested  Mr.  H.  S.  Betts,  engineer  in  forest  products,  to  read 
the  paper  for  hun.  Gentlemen,  Mr.  Betts. 

Ma.  H.  S.  Bbtts:  Mr.  Qine,  the  Director  of  the  laboratory,  was 
taken  sicfc  at  die  kst  minute  and  could  not  attend.  The  paper  pr^ared 
by  him  is  as  follows : 


The  Lumbemnen  and  Wood-Using  Industries 

BY  ICC  GASVEY  CUNB,  OF  MADISON,  WIS. 

In  1909  the  census  reports  show  that  the  sawmills  of  the  United 
States  produced  44,509,000,000  board  feet  of  lumber.  Approximately 
73  per  cent  of  this  amount  was  made  up  of  five  spedes,  viz. :  yellow 
pine,  Douglas  fir,  oak,  white  pme  and  hemlodc  Where  and  how  this 
enormous  quai^  of  material  is  consomed  has  been  and  is  still  largd^y 
a  matter  of  surmise.  An  investigation,  however,  which  is  being  ma^ 
by  Ac  Forest  Service  has  progressed  far  enough  to  warrant  some  tenta- 
tive estimates  on  the  annual  requirements  of  the  different  wood-using 
industries.  I  shall  present  with  this  paper  several  tables  based  on  a 
study  of  the  wood-using  industries  of  twenty  states;  but  at  thb  time 
I  will  merdy  call  your  attention  to  certain  deductions  that  have 


appealed  to  me  as  being  pertment  to  iint  problems  you  are  now  ooo- 


Table  I*  shows  the  amount  of  wood  in  millions  of  board  feet  that 
is  consumed  by  fifty-one  different  industries  in  the  twenty  states  upon 
which  the  report  is  based.  Eighty-four  per  cent  of  the  material 
reported  was  consumed  by  eleven  industries.  For  these  eleven  indus* 
tries  I  have  prepared  an  estimate  of  the  total  consanmtion  of 


as  repotted  by  the  Bnrean  of  tiie  Censns.  Accordmg  to  this  estimate, 
which  I  dunk  b  approximately  correct,  the  lumber  cut  is  distributed  as 

follows :  «  « 

Percent 

total 

^        -r^i    .  hmiberciit 
(  1)   Planing  miU  products^  imgimMmg  ^gg^  ^mt,  «&d 

general  mill  work   29.70 


Millions  of 
board  feet 


2)  Boxes  and  crating. 

3)  Car  eoi  *  * 


10.00 
i.4S 


I   .„ 

(  4J    Fnmitnre   _ 

(  5)    Vehicles   1.S7 

(  6J   A|[rieiiltaral  implements   .    ] 73 

f  7)   Ifoiiesl  instnuBents.   '51 

(  8)   Woodesware   jji 

(  9)    Ship  and  boat  bnildiag.   ....... 

(10)    Trunks  and  valises   21 

hi)  Handles  

(12)   Miseellantoai  iadasbrieiL.   12.30 

(18)    Export  •  ,  

(14)    Sawed  ties   2*28 

(16)  Bough  lumber  and  straetural  timbew.... 26^32 


4,448.00 
1^.10 
1,848.16 

877.31 
350.67 
273.48 
228.16 
192.63 
94.98 
281.64 
5,470.00 
8,000.00 
1,017.00 
11,750UM 


1M»  IH  IM  sad  IM. 

1* 


190       Natkhiai.  Lumat  llAmiFAcnmBBs'  Association 

If  we  isswiie  tiiat  pradkaUy  all  the  planing-mill  products  go 
inlo  the  building  trades,  these  estimates  indicate  that  56  per  cent  of  the 
entire  lumber  production,  or  25,000,000,000  board  feet,  goes  into  the 
building  and  general  oonstnictioQ  work.  This  amount  is  made  up  as 
follows: 


80  per  cent  total  yellow  pine  manufaetnred   13.0  bUlion 

80  per  eeat  total  DowBlaa  ir  aanillMtafed   SJ  biflioa 

90  per  cent  total  hemlock  mannfaetured   2.7  biUioa 

.  C;n^rai%  wlOta  fim,  redwood»  oak  asd  otker  kardwoocb   S^  biUiaa 


It  smns»  therefore,  ikut  hHy  50  per  tm  of  tiie  entire  hanber 
prodooed  has  to  be  sold  in  oompetitkm  with  cement,  brick,  tile,  etc 

■OZIS  AMD  CSATING 

It  seems  from  the  figures  here  presented  that  the  Yarious  esdnutes 
of  the  amount  of  tandier  consumed  by  the  box  mduslry  wfakh  lunre 
appeared  from  time  to  time  have  been  modi  too  high.  Ten  per  cent 
of  Ae  total  lumber  production,  or  approximately  4,448,000,000  board 
feet,  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  boxes  and  crates.  This  amount  is 
made  up  approximately  as  follows: 

8^  per  cent  total  yellow  pine  mannfaetured,  or   1,440  million  b.  f. 

28.0  per  eeat  total  wklte  ptee  mamifaetnred,  or   l,007  million  b.  1 

62.0  per  cent  total  red  gum  mannfaetured,  or   438  mOlion  b.f. 

8.2  per  cent  total  hemlock  manufactured,  or.   252  million  b.f. 

6.4  per  cent  total  epruce  manofaetorecL  or   112  million  b.f. 

15.7  per  etnt  tatai  yaDow  poplar  —■■ffMf^ed,  or.   1S5  mUUon  b.  t 

OtiMr  ijMiM  ■iHMifi  ia  TUit  S     974  aMta  kf. 

Thus  10  per  cent  of  the  total  liunber  manufactured  has  to  compete 
with  fiber  board  and  veneer.  Such  competition  is  becoming  more  and 
more  acute  as  the  demands  of  sh^)pers  and  tran^x>rtation  companies 
for  lighter  and,  at  the  same  time,  strooger  booces  increase.  Tests  made 
at  the  Forest  Products  Laboratory  show  Hmt  the  ordtnaiy  mffled  box 
is  ittlerior  in  many  respects  to  improved  types  that  are  being  intro- 
duced and  It  is  nly  personal  opinion  that  the  ordinary  type  of  wooden 
box  will  lose  its  present  position  of  leadership  among  shipping  con- 
tainers unless  its  manufacturers  are  able  to  overcome  sooie  of  its 
inherent  defects. 

CAE  OOMSTKOCTIOIf 

Appmdmatdy  4-5  per  cent  of  the  total  hitober  mamtfRtand,  or 
ii955*ooo/x)o  board  feet,  is  used  in  Hie  oqnslniclioQ  of  cars.  TUs 
anaooitt  is  made  iq>  as  f onows : 


The  Lums&rmen  and  Wo(x>-Using  Industries  tgt 


7.27  per  eMt  tstsl  ftOm  pise  awnifMtmd  MS3.S  million  b.  f. 

3.4  per  cent  total  Douglas  flr  mannfaotnred   168.0  million  b.  f. 

6.1    per  cent  total  oak  manufactured   271.8  million  b.f. 

6.1   per  cent  total  yellow  poplar  manufactured   52.3  million  b.f. 

Otiier  apeciea  at  iadieated  m  TaUe  S     ms  mmemh,t. 


Lumber  used  in  car  construction  is  coming  into  competition  with 
stod  nnder-framit^  and  sled  bodies.  The  competition  with  sled  for 
under-frames  and  for  passei^;er  coadies  is  becomiiy  moce  and  mofe 
active  and  unless  there  is  a  change  in  policy  on  the  part  of  tfie  rwBr 
roads  wood  as  a  car  material  may  soon  be  limited  to  use  in  box  cars 
and  for  interior  trim. 

FURNITUBB 

Three  per  cent  of  the  total  lumber  manufactured  is  consumed  by 

the  furniture  industry.  This  industry  also  imports  considerable 
amounts  of  mahogany  and  other  cabinet  woods.  The  1,348,000,000 
board  feet  of  domestic  material  consumed  is  made  up  as  follows : 

14.0  per  cent  of  total  oak  manufactured   629  miUion  b.  f . 

10.0  per  cent  of  total  maple  mannfaetured  112  million  b.  f. 

84.6  p«r  eent  of  total  birdi  auAafaetBred.   Ill  million  b.f. 

13.9  per  cent  of  total  red  gum  manufactured   98  million  b.  f . 

7.5  per  cent  of  total  yellow  poplar  manufactured   65  million  b.f. 

6.7  per  cent  of  total  basswood  manufactured   27  million  b.  f. 

An  JUn  fpedM    806  nmm  Kf. 

It  is  very  noticeable  to  what  a  small  extent  the  soft  woods  enter 
this  industry.  Sted  is  being  substituted  for  wood  to  a  moderate  extent 
in  die  manufacture  of  certain  classes  of  office  furniture,  and  iron  and 
brass  are  being  laigely  used  for  beds,  but  in  general  the  fumitmne 
mdttstry  off ers  an  eaco^enl  market  lor  high  grade  hardwoods. 

VEHICLES  AKD  VEHICLE  PASTS 

Two  per  cent  of  the  total  lumber  manufactured,  or  877,003,000 
board  feet  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  vehicles.  It  is  made  up 
priiicq[»]ly  of  oak,  y^km  poplar,  maple;  hidoory,  fed  gum  and  o^er 
species  mentioned  in  Table  3.*  Sted  is  beh^  snbsdtuted  for  wood  to 

a  certain  extent  in  this  industry,  but  such  substitution  is  doubtless  due 
more  to  the  difficulty  the  manufacturer  encounters  in  securing  sufficient 
wood  of  the  quality  desired  than  it  is  to  the  superiority  of  steel. 

The  remainder  of  the  fifty-one  industries  mentioned  in  Table  x 
consume  relattvdy  small  quantities  of  material  and  in  them  the  com- 
petition  of  wood  widi  oilier  materials  is  of  mhior  snportaaoe  widi 
respect  to  its  effect  vpon  die  general  hmiber  dtuafion. 

•SMp^BMlseaaAm. 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Assooatioii 

Table  3  is  of  particukr  interest  in  that  it  riiows  the  distribution  of 
our  most  important  species  among  the  wood-using  industries.  A  study 
of  it  brings  out  very  clearly  some  fundamental  difference  in  the  prob- 
lem of  marketing  soft-woods  and  hardwoods.  It  appears  that  fully 
91  per  cent  of  the  yellow  pine  manufactured,  89  per  cent  of  the 
Doiig^  fir»  wad  9B  per  cent  of  the  hemlock  are  ocxisamed  in  boikling 
and  oonstmclkm  work  and  in  the  mamifactore  of  boxes.  Large  pro- 
portions of  cypress,  white  pint  and  oditr  conifers  also  enter  these 
industries. 

In  the  building  trades  and  in  the  box  industry  the  cost  of  raw 
materials  constitutes  a  comparatively  large  proportion  of  the  cost  of 
tiie  finished  products ;  therefore,  any  rise  in  the  price  of  raw  materials 
has  a  proportionate^  laige  effect  on  tibe  cost  of  the  finished  artick  to 
tiie  OQOsiimer. 

Lumber  has  long  been  the  material  from  which  a  house  of  any 
given  size  and  finish  could  be  built  at  the  least  cost  to  the  builder ;  and 
its  wide  use  as  a  building  material  in  this  country  has  undoubtedly 
been  more  due  to  this  cause  than  to  its  merits  or  demerits  as  a  building 
material.  In  the  case  of  reddences  and  other  small  buiklings,  fire  risk 
and  dtmhffity  become  itroQg  aigaments  in  favor  of  substitutes  only 
m^am  the  retail  price  of  lumber  is  such  that  the  coat  of  a  frame  house 
equals  or  is  only  slightly  less  than  that  of  an  equivalent  house  built  of 
brick,  tile,  or  other  materials.  Those  manufacturers  of  lumber  who 
are  largely  dependent  upon  the  building  trades  for  their  markets,  should 
recognize  this  fact  and  devise  ways  and  means  of  so  regulating  their 
selling  costs  that  lumber  will  continue  to  be  the  material  from  which  a 
utisfactofy  home  can  be  botk  at  a  nHninwim  cost  to  the  bulkier. 

utiuzation  of  lumber  for  by-products 

The  manufacturers  of  yellow  pine  in  particular,  and  of  Douglas 
fir  also,  have  excellent  c^portunities  to  divert  much  of  their  low-grade 
liunber  into  paper,  turpentine,  alcohol  and  other  by-products.  The 
writer  touched  on  this  subject  in  a  paper  presented  at  the  last  meeting 
of  ^  YeUow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Aasodatkm  and  urged  the  impor- 
tance of  sndi  devdopments  to  die  owners  of  yeUow  pine  stumpage. 

The  manufacturers  of  hardwoods  are  ftidng  a  much  less  difficult 
situation.  Their  products  are  used  in  a  large  number  of  different 
industries  in  which  the  cost  of  raw  material  is  only  a  small  proportion 
of  the  cost  of  the  finished  article.  In  these  industries,  viz. :  furniture. 


The  Lumbermen  and  Wood-Using  Industries  193 

vehicle,  handles,  and  many  others  of  minor  importance,  wood  is  used 
because  it  has  properties  which  make  it  peculiarly  fit  for  the  purpose 
that  it  serves  and  not  principally  because  it  is  the  cheapest  raw  material 
suitable  to  the  needs  of  the  manufacturers.  This  diversity  of  use 
offers  an  excellent  <^>portunity  to  the  manufacturers  of  hardwoods  to 
work  up  their  logs  not  only  into  tiie  standard  forms  of  Imnber  but  also 
into  numerous  sizes  of  small  dimension  stock.  It  seems  to  the  writer 
that  it  would  be  to  the  mutual  interest  of  hardwood  manufacturers  and 
consumers  to  study  this  problem.  A  standardization  of  small  dimen- 
sion stock  of  different  species  should  result  in  greater  profits  to  the 
lumber  manufacturer  through  closer  utilizaticm  of  his  logs  and  in 
cheaper  material  to  the  consumer.  [Applause.] 

Explanation  of  Following  Tables. 

Table  1  summarizes  results  obtained  from  studies  made  by  the  Pore«t 
Service  of  the  wood-using  industries  of  20  States.  All  quantities  are  expressed 
in  millions  of  board  feet.  Similar  studies  of  other  States  will  be  completed 
within  the  next  six  months. 

Table  2  shows  the  amount  of  different  species  consumed  by  the  eleven 
most  important  wood-using  industrir-  m  the  20  States  eoTered  bj  Table  L 
An  qnaatities  m  ezprenod  in  milkvus  of  board  foot 

•Table  UL  In  order  to  estimate  the  total  amount  of  wood  eonsnmed  bjr 
the  eleven  industries,  listed  under  Table  n,  in  the  entire  United  States,  the 
eapital  iaTMted  in  the  different  industries  of  the  20  states  was  obtained  from 
*the  Census  report;  the  capital  invested  in  each  of  the  industries  in  the  entire 
United  States  was  also  obtained.  It  was  assumed  that  the  quantity  of  wood 
consumed  in  the  20  states  would  be  to  the  capital  invested  in  the  20  states  as 
the  quantity  of  wood  consumed  in  the  entire  United  States  was  to  the  capital 
invested  in  the  entire  United  States.  The  last  column  in  Table  m  contains 
the  estimated  consumption  for  the  eiit'^e  United  States. 

The  figures  in  the  first  horizontal  line  imder  eaeh  indnstzj  excess  the 
figures  giTea  la  Table  II  as  the  pereeatage  of  the  total  weed  eeaia— d  hy  film 
industries  in  the  United  States. 

The  second  horizontal  line  under  each  industry  expresses  in  millions  of  board 
feet  the  estimated  amount  of  each  species  consumed  in  the  entire  United  States. 
These  figures  were  obtained  by  applying  the  percentages  in  the  first  horizontal 
line  to  the  estimated  total  amount  of  wood  osed  in  the  United  fitates  giwm 
in  the  last  column  of  the  table. 

The  third  horizontal  line  expresses  the  quantities  shown  in  the  second  hori- 
aoatal  lines  as  a  per  eent  of  the  total  amevat  of  eaeh  speeies  inaaiifMtarei  la 
liOi  as  reported  k  the  Otmm  iiporft. 


194        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  AssoaATioN 


•••••• 


•••••• 


•••••• 


•  •  •  •  • 


Ala.    GftL  Omm.  III.      Ky.  1m. 

Baskets  and  fruit  paekmgw   16.67  4.17   

Boxes  and  crating                            22.44  309.41    372.03  109.57  56.00 

Om                                              18.62     0.65  24.41  407.83  14.86   

8Mh,  doon  and  general  mUlwmdE. ..652.02  229.99  40.31  265.83  79.44  1,259.78 

Vehicle  and  vekiele  parU                   7.59     3.13    4.39  57.95  59.44  6.48 

Furniture                                             1.87     7.35    0.49  103.80  17.52   

Farm  implements                              2.52     1.08    0.74  137.16  6.61   

01m  ami  ^ea  flzliirM                     1.02     5.08   1.04  30.33  10.85  OJl 

Woodenwafa                                   0.81            1.75  3.28   

Handles                                              1.73                3.48  12.48  35.67 

Trunks                                                      2.02    2.82  2.01 

Ckain                                          5.01     0.08   1.08  10.80  0.40 

Piano%  atfaaa  aad  aaa.  iaalnaMati            0.25  11.81  00.33  11.58 

Boats                                            0.51   18.88  ....  1.08    4JS0 

Dairyman,  poultefar  and  apiarists' 

tnpplief                                               0.18  ....  48.18  ... 

Pietnre  and  faaej  SMlilaii....                   0^  ....  39.94  ... 

Grain  alaTalora   30.55  . . . 

Tanks                                                      17.21   0.15  25.45  2.61  5.75 

Sewing  machine  pwrta    20.80  ... 

Laundry  maehiaaiy  and  acaworieo             0.01  0.03  8.41  . . . 

Electrical  apparatus   0.04    0.70        7.60  ... 

Coffins,  caskets,  etc   0.89     2.60  ....       7.19  2.20 

Screens,  window  and  door   5.75  ... 

Signs  and  billpotting  board   U.10  ....       5.51  ... 

Greenhouse,  conservatories,  etc   4.97   . . , 

Machine  parts  other  than  electrical   0.25    0.55       3.00   . . . 

Well  and  road  machinery   0.05  ....       2.63  ... 

l^NMrllng  gooda   145    0.07  0.11      8.08  ... 

Cigar  and  tobaeeo  bona.   8J0    OJl  OJl       2.33  . . . 

Meat  blocks   2.30  ... 

Elevators  (freight  and  passenger)   0.43  ....       1.42  . . . 

Bef  rigarators,  kitchen  eabiaata  aad 

•afw    LOO    OJT  ....       7.08  2.67   

Toys   •    0.67   .....  ...... 

Plumbers'  woodwork  •    5.47  

Pulleys  and  conveyors   88J0  

Brushes   0.01     

Brackets,  i  iiiiMiiM,  inaalator  piaa  

Excelsior    5.70   

Paving  material  

Fattama   OJO  OJl   

Weighing  apparatus  •   

Printing  material   0.01  0.29   

Aeroplanes  

Slmttles,  spools.  bobUaa   LIO  US  

Boot  and  shoe  fladings  •  .  •    

Whips  and  canes  and  ombrella  itieka    

Saddles  and  harness  

Matches   

Dowate   •  

Fencing  and  gataa  

Miscellaneous    OJS   19.11   1.69       8.58   22.08  18.75 


TalalB  7I0J1  085.48  95J9  1,758J8  887.08  1^J7 


The  Lumbermen  and  Wood-Using  Industries  195 


TABES 

Md.    Mass.    Mich.    Miss.    Mo.     N.  H.  N.  C. 

Baskets  and  fruit  packages. .    7.14     1.47    1.14  8.86 

Boxes  and  crating  186.27  851 J4    232.11   80.80  111.66  109.07  08.00 

Cars   29.67      11.13    51.49   

Sash,  doors,  gen'l  millwork..  81.36  21.80  516.58  547.10  142.90  116.03  368.02 
Vehicles  and  vehicle  parts. ..    1.96     4.97      66.24    10.28    34.70     2.98  15.64 

Furniture    17.77   48.14     81.48   10.28   28.17     4.00  182.21 

Vam  implements   2.25      16.61     0.80     3.09     0.59  3.39 

Store  and  offica  izlaiaa   1.00     UO      24.21     0.44   10.25     1.60  2.36 

Woodenware    45.27    3.14    18.94  0.78 

Handles    0.77      38.47     4.04   19.04     0.02  8.00 

Tmaka   *    14.65    4J8   

Chairs      9.82    0J2  47.33 

Pianos,  organs  and  nras.  insto..    1.56   27.46      12.27    0.53    1.80 

Boats    6.35     3.93       4.43    7.08  0.80 

Dairyman,  pooltarar  ud  a^- 

riats'  aapplies.     2.56  .....   

Picture  and  fancy  moMiaga   3.40    0.13   

Grain  elevators  

Tanks    8J4     0J8  20.70   

Sawbig  BUiebiBa  parts    • 

Laundry  machinery,  etc   13.73    8J8     3 JO   

Electrical  apparatus   1.01   

Coffins,  caskets,  etc   0J2    7.70    4.78 

Bvnnm,  window  and  door  

Signs  and  billposting  board  

Greenhouse,  conservatories,  etc  

Machine  parts  other  tlian  elec  

Wall  and  road  BMehinary  

Sporting  goods   7.16    0.96  0J8   

Cigar  and  tobacco  bo^   8J7    1.48    5.76   

Meat  blocks  

Elevators  (frt.  and  pass.)  

Bef  rigeratoia,  kttehaa  eaUaaia 

and  lalea...   3.24      35.63   3.33 

Toys   0.93       3.71    0.72   

Plumbers'  woodwork   8.40    2.57   

Polleya  aad  tomwtffm   8J4    8J8 

Brushes   L88     0.00    0J4   

Brackets,  crossarms,  etc   8.42 

Excelsior   5.90    3.91   11.91  0.80 

Paving  BUitarial.  

Pattarna  •   0.42    ..... 

Weighing  apparatus   0.30   

Printing  material   0.11   

Aeroplanes   0.08   

Shuttles,  spools,  bobbtna   5.62   11.71  8.48 

Boot  and  shoe  findiafi   13.03      14.65    2J1   

Whips,  canes,  etc   1.83   

Saddles  and  harness  

MatelMa   15.48   

Dowels   8J3   .t  ..... 

Fencing  and  gates  

Miscellaneous    14.88   24.59      68.43     6.05     8.10  14.99   

Mala.  .875.00  650.71  ym.n  018J0  448J8  408.43  070.10 


196 


Nationai.  Lumbbr  Manufactussm'  Ai 

TABU  I  OftPClwlfd 


KATKW 


T«Bi.  TeiMb  Vt. 


35.76 
35.46 
085.39 
0.72 
7.06 
2.76 
1.1 


40.25 
1.89 
08.07 

2.01 
8.69 
0.62 


19.66 
413.37 
60.27 
8«7.«4 
17.49 
20.21 
2.40 
8.07 


2.99 
15.36 
0.77 

iilii 

0.06 


Ore. 

Baskets  and  fruit  pks.  3.10   

Boxes  and  crating...  77^  77.98 

Cars    14.16 

Sask,  doon,  ate          00.18  185.48 

VaUelfls  aad  parts. . .   OJO  33.49 

Furniture    0.85  39.27 

Farm  implements   2.89 

fitore  and  oi&ee  izl. .   1.00  1.08 

Woodeawaia   3.26    10.55 

Handles    1.86     9.72     0.54  1.03 

Trunks    2.89  0.60   

CJkairs    0.70    7^ 

PlaBOfyorfaBi^a.lait  

Boats    14.00  1.78  

Dairyman,  poulterer  & 

apiarists'  supplies   0.58 

Pietaie  *  fancy  aldg.    

Grain  elavatm  

Tanks   0.86  7.36 

Sewing  machine  parts  

Laundry  machry.,  ate   0.00 

Electric  apparatus  

Coffins,  caskets,  etc. .    0.47  9.49   

Screens,  wndw  &  door  

Signs,  billpstng  board  

Ornhse,  eoaserv,  etc  

Machine  parts  other 

than  electrical.  

Wall  and  road  mchry.   ..... 

foorting  goods   8.08   

Cigar  and  tob.  basua   •  

Heat  blocks   •  •  >  >  * 

Elev.  (frt.  &  pass.)  

Bafriimlar%  ale   2.60 

Toys   1.50   

Plumbers'  woodwork  

Pulleys  &  conveyors.  0.10   

Brutkat      OM   

Brackets,  ata..   5*88 

Excelsior    4.32     1.10    0.03 

Paving  materiaL   tf«M 

Pattaraa    OJO  .....     0J7  .....  008 

Wail^iag  apparatus  •  •  • 

Printing  material  

Aeroplanes   

Shuttles,  ate   1J7    W7  OJO 

Boot  ft  shoe  indiafi  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

Whips,  canes,  etc  

Saddles  and  harness. .  0.21   

Matches   OJO   

Dowels   MO  ..... 

Fencing  and  galas   0.93 

MiscaUaaaoua   0.09   13.79   47 J9   23.10  8.69 


Wash. 

6.51 
95.04 
20.74 
80.88 

'  7.28 

•  •  •  •  • 

OJO 


Wis. 

119.27 

iVcio 

41.00 
62.75 
14J4 
0.01 


10.55    02.02 


2.00 
4J8 


1.66 
11.68 
48J5 
1.08 
8.07 

4J8 


9.60 


1.57     5.12  4.46 


0.45 


5.20 


..... 


11.10 
5.46 


35.00 
6.40 
OJO 


8.35 


. .  •  < . 


34.40 


TolaL 

08.78 

2,867.48 
080J8 

5^29  J5 
371.32 
698.79 
198J5 
108  JO 
166.39 
139.18 
60.19 
157.46 
140.07 
82.06 

50 JO 

43.95 
30.56 
08J4 
80 JO 
29.65 
9.44 
62.79 
5.75 
5J7 
407 

OJO 
tJO 

15.32 
21.21 
2J0 
1J5 
66.92 
12J9 
10.44 
17.48 
3.68 
49.30 
64.42 
81.06 
2.40 
OJO 
0.41 
0J8 
29.00 
80.19 
U3 
OJl 
15.08 
2.83 
0.93 
330J0 


T^Ms.  181J4  408J8  700J7  100.07  808.tt  170Ji  OMJl  IMjmM 


The  Lumbermen  and  Wood-Using  Industries 


197 


llABUi  n 

Yellow  Douglas  Bed 

Plaa.  Fir.  Oak. 

Planing  mill   products  and 
general  millwork,  sash,  doors 

and  blinds  3,245.19  269.20  94.23 

Boaas  aad  crating                  518.17  5J8  5.00 

Gar  construction                     395.94  53.46  30.92 

Vehicles  and  vehicle  parts. . .     13.80  0.80  15.15 

Agricultural  implements             6.27  1.09  10.55 

IHuiiilaia                                  4J1  IIJO  185J1 

Musieal  instruaaals                  1.28  0.26  1.56 

Woodenware                              1.00  0.89  0.25 

Ship  and  boat  building              18.67  18.64  0.18 

Ttaks  aid  Talisss.   1.05   

  0.02  OJO  OJO 

Totals  4^01.31  366.54  284.64 


White 
Oak. 


120.74 
2.19 
91.86 
81.82 
31.83 
226.60 
10.26 
2.10 
7.44 

•  •  •  • 

5J4 


White  Eastern 
Pina.  t^rnaa. 


254.88 
700J7 
22.24 
0.61 
3.25 
7J5 
7.18 
33.45 
2.56 
4J0 
OJl 


02JO 
78J0 

1.30 
0.17 

•  •  •  • 

OJO 

8.77 

•  •  •  t 

1.92 

•  •  «  • 

•  •  •  • 


580.08    1,045J9  172.46 


Hard  Soft  ^  Yellow  Bod  Chest- 

Planing  mill  products  and 

Seneral   millwork,  sash, 

oars  and  bUads  148J0  0.01  800.37  82.27  86.80  18J4  33.48 

Bazss  and  crating              42.13  21.21  20.00  87.09  283.13  8.59  80.n 

Car  construction                    1.51  1.14  0.33  18.31  0.27  0.51   

Vehicles  and  vehicle  parts.  17.51  2.90  0.07  25.50  10.15  0.65  IJO 

Agricultural  implements...    1J5  0.40  0.53  0.97  0.19  0.11  2.55 

Furniture                            65.38  7.95  2.00  36.43  55.07  18.51  20.14 

Musical  instrumoats.            20.62  2.74  0.07  20.68  3.51  25.07  2.77 

Woodenware                        26.78  0.12  1.50  1.80  1.27  0.25  6.27 

Ship  and  boat  building          0.12    3.10  0.03  0.06  0J7   

Trunks  aadTalissa........    5.00  0.02  1.10  2.89  1.83  0J2  0.50 

  23.48  0.08  0.02  0.16  4.12  ....  6.14 

Totals  436.16  37.53  335.75  282.13  401.40  67.82  116.52 


ZASLB  : 

*Birek. 

Planing   mill   products  and 
general  millwork,  sash,  doors, 


awl  bllBds.....  70.96 

Boxes  and  crating   62.71 

Car  construction   0.79 

Vehicles  and  vehicle  parts. . .  7.49 
Agrieollaral  imi^oBiaBta. . . . .  3.21 

Furniture   •  62.26 

Musical  instruments   4.97 

Woodenware    17.19 

Ship  and  boat  baUding   0.34 

Trunks  aad  TaliSSS....  

Haadka      8J0 


Bass-  Sitka  Loblolly 

wood.  Spraeo.  Ptae.   Hamloek.  Total. 


26.78 

84.82 

606.14 

130.66 

5,660.53 

51.50 

57.51 

415.94 

162.44 

2,556.65 

0.72 

0.01 

17.63 

3.14 

640.08 

2.93 

0.38 

2.72 

0.42 

184.97 

3.35 

•  •  «  • 

0.13 

0.23 

77  J7 

15.12 

1.07 

11.28 

5.17 

674.07 

5.24 

1.41 

0.60 

0.52 

112.51 

36.22 

2.23 

0.90 

0.37 

132.59 

0.45 

0.12 

0.87 

0.11 

55.18 

13.05 

1.49 

lOJO 

7.00 

49.10 

OJl 

•  •  •  • 

.  •  •  •  • 

0.50 

44.26 

Totals  888.22   155.87  00.04   1,000.77  810J0  10,108.18 


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aoo        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


PlESiDBNT  Griggs:  Ml*.  Rldtdftk,  Executive  Secretary  of  tfie 

American  Forestry  Association,  who  is  present,  has  prepared  a  short 
address,  and  I  want  to  have  him  take  the  floor  now.  Gentlemen,  Mr. 
Ridsdale. 

The  American  Foreetry  Aesodatkm 

BY  P.  S.  RIDSDALE,  OF  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Gentleinen:  I  represent  the  American  Forestry  Associatioii,  an 

organization  devoted  to  a  work  which  is  one  of  the  most  important  for 
the  good  of  all  the  people  that  is  being  conducted  in  the  United  States — 
the  work  of  conserving  the  forests  so  that  our  lumber  supply,  instead  of 
being  rapidly  exhausted,  as  it  is  now,  wiU  be  renewed—will  furnish 
wood  lor  future  generations  and  also  assure  to  the  country  one  of  its 
greatest  sources  of  inoooie  for  hundreds  of  years  to  come. 

1  ftnd  there  are  some  among  you  who  are  under  a  misapprehensten 
regarding  the  association,  who  believe  that  it  is  connected  with  the 
government,  maintained  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  or  is  a  sort 
of  publicity  branch  of  the  Forest  Service.  I  wish  to  explain  right 
here  that  it  is  none  of  these.  We  do  not  receive  a  cent  from  the  govem- 
meat,  and,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  government  spends  now  for  the 
Porat  Senrice  hr  less  than  the  woric  of  the  Service  requires,  while 
Congress  now  proposes  to  cut  this  amount  in  half. 

The  American  Forestry  Association  is  an  independent  organization 
the  members  of  which  are  people  who  are  interested  in  forest  con- 
servation because  they  realize  it  is  for  the  good  of  the  whole  people 
and  a  prime  necessity;  lumbermen  who  favor  scientific  lumber^ig 
and  de^  new  growA  of  ttmher  eaoouraged,  and  the  existing  forerts 
protected  from  forest  fires;  foresters  and  others. 


aouKCBS  or  inoomb 

It  is  ncm-political,  non-partisan,  and,  I  may  add,  non-financial ; 
tfiat  is,  none  of  its  officers  except  tfie  secretary  receive  my  sakuy ;  all 
^  money  whidi  it  cdkcts  is  used  in  furtiiering  the  important  work 
which  it  is  doing--and  its  income  is  secured  from  membership  fees, 
subscription  to  the  magazine  and  donations  by  people  and  organizations 
realizing  the  absolute  necessity  and  great  value  of  encouraging  the 
work  which  it  is  doing. 

You  win  realize  the  necessiQr  of  tins  work  when  you  study  tiie 
figures    forest  experts.  Th^  say  that  at  the  rate  our  lorealt  ire  now 


Ambbicak  FcwsntY  Association  20t 

being  cut  down  there  wiH  be  no  staivfing  himber  of  aervioeable  iiae  m 

the  United  States  in  from  forty-five  to  fifty  years.  Tins  does  not 
allow  for  any  increase  in  consumption,  which  is  steadily  increasing. 

This  does  not  allow,  either,  for  new  growth  by  either  natural 
reforestation  or  artificial  replanting  and  it  is  this  reforestation  and  this 
rei^i^nting  which  the  American  Forestry  Assodatkm  is  eneigetically 
md  constantly  urging. 

ACCOMPUSHMENTS  OF  THE  ASSOCIATION 

For  the  past  thirty-one  years  the  association  has  been  fighting.  It 
has  secured  the  passage  of  much  beneficial  forest  legislation,  both  state 
and  natkxial;  aided  in  obtaining  national  fcMrests;  has  inH>ired  national 
and  state  appropriatkms  for  the  investigatkm  of  tree  diseases,  and 
has  promoted  the  organization  of  many  state  forestry  organiiatkms 
which  have  been  doing  an  excellent  work.  In  addition  to  tins  it  has 
interested  thousands  of  men  and  women  and  even  boys  in  forest  pres- 
ervation and  extended  the  campaign  for  conservation  into  every  state 
and  territory  in  the  unkm.  It  continues  to  do  this  work  to  the  very 
best  of  its  resources,  and  coold  do  much  more  with  an  increased 
income. 

The  association's  chief  medium  of  publicity  is  its  magazine,  Ameri- 
can Forestry,  issued  monthly,  and  which  has  won  to  the  woric  many 
thousands — including  a  number  of  members  of  Congress  and  State 
Legislatures,  who  shrewdly  guard  against  legislation  inimical  to  forest 
conservation,  and  vigorously  work  for  l^fislatkni  st^yporting  it  At  the 
present  tune  the  assodatkm  is  striving  to  have  Congress  appropriate 
$80,000  for  investigatmg  the  destructhre  diestnnt  tree  bl^ ;  is  endear 
oring  to  prevent  Congress  cutting  down  the  appropriation  for  the  For- 
est Service ;  is  working  to  secure  an  extensive  national  forest  between 
Washington  and  Baltimore  and  is  aiding  in  the  organization  and 
development  of  state  associations  as  well  as  conducting  its  general 
woric  for  forest  conservalkm. 

GROWTH,  CONSUMPTION  AND  FOB  LOSS 

r 

Let  me  briefly  give  you  some  statistics:  The  yearly  growth  of 
wood  in  our  forests  does  not  average  more  than  twelve  cubic  feet  per 
acre.  This  gives  us  a  yeariy  growth  of  less  than  seven  bilUon  cubic  fe^ 
while  there  b  cut  twenty^^&ree  bilUon  feet,  over  tinee  times  the  annual 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


growth.  There  is  damaged  yearly  by  fire  amounting  to  an  average 
of  $50,000,000.  In  addition  to  this,  the  loss  of  young  timber  by  fire 
is  unestimated,  so  is  the  damage  done  by  fire  to  the  soil,  its  property 
of  reproduction  often  being  entirely  destroyed.  Add  to  this  fire  loss 
the  yearly  loss  by  disease  and  to  that  the  differeniDe  between  a  year's  cut 
and  a  year's  growth  and  yon  get  an  idea  of  how  long,  under  existing 
conditions,  the  timber  of  this  ooontry  is  likely  to  last. 

MEANS  OF  INCREASING  PRODUCTION  AND  DECREASING  WASTE 

Consider  this  also:  That  it  is  apparent  by  the  introduction  of 
proper  forestry  methods  the  annual  {Mxxiuctrrity  of  our  forests  could  be 
greatly  increased,  and  the.yearly  loss  from  fin,  insects  and  disease 
greatly  reduced. 

There  are  235,000,000  acres  of  producing  forest  in  this  country, 
area  the  stand  is  so  open  that  all  the  trees  could  be  grown  on 
145,000,000  acres,  which  would  be  prod^cing  at  the  rate  of  seventy 
cubic  feet  per  acre  annually. 

There  is  an  unutilized  area  of  80,000^000  aores  within  our  present 
produdi^  forest;  ihcrt  are  135,000^  acres  of  absolute  forest  liuid 
within  our  virgin  or  mature  forests  now  unproductive.  There  are 
90,000,000  acres  of  waste  lands  which  can  be  made  productive  by  plant- 
ing, and  by  fire  protection.  It  is  estimated  that  the  total  increase  pos- 
sible in  the  productiveness  of  our  forests  is  25,850,000,000  cubic  feet. 

Only  25  per  cent  of  the  yield  of  our  present  producing  forest  is 
saw  timber.  It  can  be  made  from  50  to  75  per  cent  through  the  con- 
centration of  growth  on  the  best  trees  by  thinning  and  tfie  hddmg  of 
the  crop  until  it  readies  good  size.  This  woM  mean  an  incmse,  if 
an  our  forest  land  were  productive,  from  27,000,000,000  board  feet 
to  between  50,000,000,000  and  80,000,000,000  board  feet  a  year. 

Consider  these  statistics  and  what  I  have  told  you  about  the 
American  Forestry  Association,  and  decide  whether  it  is  not  valuable 
to  you  to  do  what  you  can  to  encourage  and  support  our  association 
in  the  work  it  is  doing. 

Each  year  the  expense  of  tiie  work  exceeds  die  r^iular  income  and 
the  <feficit  has  to  be  made  up  by  men  and  organizations  appreciating 
the  vahie  of  forest  conservation. 

Gendemen,  I  thank  you.  [Applause.] 

Mr.  K£UX)gg:  Gentlemen,  I  would  like  to  call  your  attention 


American  Forestry  Association 


203 


to  the  magazine,  copies  of  which  you  have  here  on  your  chairs,  tlic 
management  of  which  has  been  recently  reorganized,  and  the  gentle- 
man whom  you  have  just  listened  to,  Mr.  Ridsdale,  has  taken  charge 
of  it  The  magazine  without  any  doubt  is  better  now  than  it  ever  has 
been  before,  and  the  cause  which  it  represents  has  the  entire  support 
of  dus  organizatkm.  I  diould  like  very  much  in^ed  if  this  organtza- 
tfon  would  take  some  action  along  the  line,  at  least,  of  givii^  the 
American  Forestry  Association,  which  needs  it,  and  the  magazine, 
which  needs  it,  still  more  than  moral  support  and  good  will,  and  that 
you  do  something  to  increase  the  circulation  of  this  magazine  among 
the  membership  of  this  association  and  affiliated  associations.  I  think 
it  is  absohitdy  worth  it   Another  thing  I  would  like  to  ^ieak  of 

President  Griggs  :  Allow  me  to  interrupt  you  by  saying  that  tWs 
matter  has  been  taken  care  of  by  the  Board  of  Governors. 

Mr.  Kellogg  :  Very  well,  I  was  not  aware  of  that.  I  would  like 
to  say  that  the  paper  just  read  by  Mr.  Betts,  prepared  by  Mr.  Cline, 
the  cKrector  of  the  Forest  Products  Laboratory  at  Madison,  Wis.,  is 
unquestkmaUy  the  most  practical  and  by  far  the  best  statistical  p^^ 
ever  presented  by  any  representative  of  ^  Forest  Service  at  any  meet- 
ing of  the  hmiber  manufacturers  of  the  United  States  for  the  purpose 
which  it  covers.  I  think  that  is  absolutely  right,  as  you  will  find  when 
you  come  to  look  into  it ;  because  that  paper  points  out  for  the  first  time, 
for  we  have  never  had  the  material  before  to  speak  from  authoritatively, 
the  big  sources  of  use  of  our  material  It  tells  us  just  what  propor- 
tion of  our  material  goes  into  this  use.  For  that  reason  this  report 
dMMikl  be  given  Hbt  most  careful  study  by  all  of  the  members  of  this 
astddatkxi  when  it  goes  out  in  our  proceedings,  because  it  win  tell 
them  more  than  they  know  about  it  now  of  how  to  market  tiieir  prod- 
uct, and  particularly  in  what  lines  they  are  weak,  and  how,  and  this  is 
a  consideration  above  all  else,  they  can  best  direct  their  efforts  to  get 
increased  use  and  publicity  for  wood  as  a  material.  I  want  to  empha- 
nze  that  point  here,  because  it  is  all  in  that  paper. 

Prbodbnt  Griggs:  Mr.  Sterling,  preadent  of  the  American 
Wood  Preservers'  Association,  happens  to  be  in  attendance  at  tiiis 
convention,  and  he  wants  to  say  just  a  few  words,  and  I  think  h  would 
be  very  opportune  to  hear  from  him  before  we  have  that  demonstration 
by  Mr.  Holt 


The  American  Wood  Preservers'  Association 


BY  £.  A.  ST£RUNG^  OF  PHILADELPHIA^  PA. 

I  will  ask  your  indulgence  for  only  a  moment.  I  happen  to  have 
the  honor  of  being  the  president  of  the  Amencan  Wood  Pracnrert* 
Association.  As  you  know,  wood  preserving  industry  conies  hi 
contact  with  die  hmiber  industry^  in  iict,  overbps  it  in  many  ways. 

Tliere  are  just  one  or  two  thuigs  tiiat  I  would  like  to  take  up 
your  time  with. 

First  of  all,  let  me  say  that  the  wood  preserving  industry  has 
grown  so  fast  that  many  of  us  have  not  been  able  to  keep  up  with  it 
In  1900  there  were  <Mily  eleven  wood  preserving  plants  in  the  coun- 
try. The  last  %iires  given  m  the  ttpott  of  the  fMoceedtnigs  of  the 
assodatkm  were  xox  plants,  and  m  ^  last  year  tlie  growth  in  the 
mnnher  of  ftots  has  been  equal  to  20  per  cent. 

Wood  preservation  probably  does  not  increase  the  consumption 
of  lumber.  In  the  long  run  it  will  decrease  it.  However,  the  value 
of  the  product  treated  by  wood  preserving  plants  represents  at  the 
present  time  in  the  neighborhood  of  $40,ooo/xx>.  The  amount  of  wood 
treated  in  xgxx  was  1^50^000  board  feet  Tins  is  of  mterest  to  you, 
gentkmen,  as  lumbemen,  because,  first  of  all,  wood  preservation 
takes  certain  grades  and  species  which  you  have  difficulty  in  finding 
a  market  for.  In  the  East  it  takes  beech,  birch  and  maple,  and  for 
crossties  and  other  uses  red  oak.  In  the  South  it  takes  sap  pine,  and 
so  on  down  the  line.  You  are  all  familiar  with  this  feature  of  it  and 
know  it  is  of  gnat  importance,  becanie  it  opens  out  in  a  way,  a  new 
uuu^oet 

In  thk  eoonectkm  there  is  one  matter  m  which  I  think  we  ought 
lo  cooperate,  and  that  is  specifications  and  grades.  As  I  see  it,  there 
is  a  distinct  gap  between  the  existing  specifications  of  your  associations 
and  the  requirements  of  the  consumer  for  treated  material.  That  has 
come  up  in  the  case  of  every  railroad  company  that  has  built  creosoting 
^ants  and  that  watts  to  get  pine  which  will  treat  better  tiiaa  h^her 
grade  material,  but  which  win  have  practically  the  same  strength.  The 
American  Railway  Maintenance  of  Way  Association  has  been  working 
toward  the  establishment  of  grades,  and  they  have  cooperated  with  you. 


Prbsbkvativb  TttAncBNT  C9  Fousr  PnODOCIS  90$ 


•Mi 


I  believe ;  but  I  do  not  think  ihey  have  gone  far  enough,  and  if  it  would 
be  at  all  opportune  it  would  be  very  easy,  possibly,  to  appoint  a  com- 
mittee on  the  part  of  tiie  wood  fmservers  and  tiie  people  who  use 
tfiis  material  and  handle  it,  to  coopernte  widi  scmie  of  your  committees 

in  going  into  this  question  of  specifications  for  creosoted  material. 

FiaKPBOOFING  QUAUTIfiS  OF  PBBSBRVATIVK  T8SAIXN0 

There  is  one  other  thing  which  is  in  the  future.  You  are  up 
against  the  fire  question.  You  are  up  against  the  underwriters  who 
are  talking  against  shingles,  for  instance.  I  believe  that  the  time  is 
coming  when  preservative  treatment  combined  with  fireproofing  chem- 
icals, is  going  to  be  accepted  and  used  by  you  as  lumbermen.  Sup- 
posing the  cedar  Ma^t  numufactuim  of  the  Padfic  Coast  put  on  Ae 
market  cedar  shing]es  which  are  treated  with  picscrvativcs  riuilly  do 
not  need  to  be — ^but,  say  that  they  advertised  an  absolutely  fireproof 
shingle,  and  suppose  that  they  would  push  it  like  the  cypress  people 
have  been  pushing  their  product  what  would  be  the  result?  Would  not 
that  counteract  to  a  considenMe  extent  the  attack  against  shiqgles? 
It  is  merdy  tiie  idea  tiurt  preservathrc  treatment  can  be  made  ir^roof 
treatment  under  certam  conditions,  under  limited  oondhions,  to  be  sure. 

At  last,  but  not  least,  I  would  say  that  we  have  practically  com- 
pleted arrangements  with  Mr.  Johnson  for  running  on  the  part  of  the 
Wood  Preservers'  Association  a  department  in  the  Lumber  World 
Review  which  will  handle  matters  along  the  line  of  wood  preservation. 
This  will  be  the  first  time  tiiat  material  oi  this  kind  has  been  pre- 
sented where  the  lumbermen  can  get  at  k.  The  Wood  Preservers' 
Association  publishes  its  annual  proceedings,  whidi  have  a  limited  cir- 
culation, but  outside  of  that  they  have  no  means  of  intercourse  on 
the  printed  page  between  members  or  between  lumbermen  who  are 
interested  in  the  industry.  From  now  on;,  within  a  few  weeks,  you 
will  be  able  to  get  in  touch  with  the  wood  praervmg  hxhistry  through 
one  of  your  himber  trade  journals. 

PUSIDBNT  QUGGS  :  We  will  contmue  with  the  regular  program 
now  and  get  into  the  business  part  of  tiiis  session.  The  report  of  the 
Auditing  Committee  will  be  next  on  the  program. 

Ma.  Long:  May  I  suggest  tiiat  we  have  tiuA  demonslratkMi 
that  was  promised  by  Mr.  Holt? 

Prbstobnt  Griggs:  I  b^  pardon,  Mr.  Holt  I  believe  you  are 
to  give  us  a  demonstration. 


^       National  Lumbbr  MANUFACruaEss*  Associatiok 


Mr.  Holt:  I  will  give  it  to  you  now  if  you  wish  it. 

Ml.  homQi  That  piqwr  Mr.  HoU  is  one  to  which  he  most 
hmyft  given  a  great  deal  of  tune,  and  it  occurs  to  me  tiiat  it  ought  to 

have  very  careful  consideration.   I  move  that  it  be  submitted  to  the 

Board  of  Governors  to  be  disposed  of  as  they  think  best. 
The  motion  carried,  and  it  was  so  ordered. 

President  Griggs:  Mr.  Holt»  will  you  give  us  the  demonstratioii 
right  now? 

Ma.  Holt:  I  win  not  take  but  a  quarter  of  a  minate.  Yon  have 

heard  from  Mr.  Gilchrist  the  idea  that  we  should  develop  some  system 
of  fireproofing  wood.  I  would  say  that  you  have  a  system  already 
developed  which  is  all  that  is  necessary,  and  which  is  cheaper  than 
fireproofing.  It  will,  I  believe,  do  all  the  other  things  wliich  are  nec- 
essary in  the  house,  as  well  as  the  stopping  of  fire. 

(Mr.  Hdt  took  a  mouthful  of  water,  hcM  up  a  small  padcet  of 
matdies,  and  with  a  sudden  motion  that  would  have  don  credit  to  a 
Chinese  laundryman  he  discharged  a  well-directed  spray  of  water  from 
his  mouth  upon  the  matches,  effectively  imitating  the  action  of  an 
automatic  sprinkler.  He  then  added:  "I  defy  aiiybody  to  bum  those 
matches.") 

SacRKTARY  SmTH:  I  dmde  Mr.  Holt  wmM  make  a  spod  Chinese 

laundryman,  don't  you?    The  chairman  of  the  Auditing  Committee 

has  submitted  his  report,  and  has  asked  me  to  read  it.  In  connection 
with  it  there  is  also  attached  the  exhibit  of  receipts  and  disbursements 
which  I  read  yesterday.  The  r^rt  is  as  follows: 

Report  of  Auditing  Conunittee 

The  Auditing  Committee  herewith  submits  the  following  report, 
which  report  covers  the  years  ending  March  31,  191 1,  and  March 
31,  1912. 

As  the  hooks  of  the  association  were  audited  by  chartered  aoooont* 
ants,  Westnman,  Trader  ft  Co.,  of  St.  Loub,  Mo.,  your  committee 

did  not  think  it  necessary  to  make  any  further  audit  of  the  books 
except  to  verify  same,  which  we  did.  A  copy  of  said  chartered  account- 
ants' report  is  filed  with  the  secretary  and  should  be  considered  a  part 
of  this  report. 

We  eiramined  expense  vondiers  and  found  cveiythii^  lo  be  in 

*9  

unc. 


Report  0^  Auditing  Committee 


In  this  connection  we  would  recommend  that  the  manager  render 
his  expense  accounts  a  little  more  in  detail,  as  this  would  simplify  the 
bookkeeping  and  make  such  accounts  a  little  more  intelligible. 

We  wish  to  commend  the  secretary's  office  on  the  efficient  and 
conscientious  way  in  which  the  accounts  of  the  association  are  kept, 
and  tlie  ^kndid  system  of  bookkeeping  wliich  is  beii^  used. 

Respectfully  submitted^ 

C  A.  Barton,  Chairman. 

Mr.  Barton  :  In  justice  to  the  Auditing  Committee,  and  for  fear 
that  the  question  might  arise  in  somebody's  mind  as  to  how  the  Audit- 
ing Committee  could  have  audited  the  books  of  the  association  when 
they  were  only  appointed  yesterday,  I  beg  leave  to  make  this  sugges- 
ticm.  The  same  Auditing  Committee  that  was  appointed  one  year 
ago  was  i^ipointed  at  the  hist  sesskm,  and  while  it  did  not  have  an 
opportunity  to  examine  the  books  of  the  associatbn  here,  we  did,  how- 
ever, last  month  examine  the  books  of  the  association  in  St.  Louis,  and 
anticipating  that  possibly  we  might  be  appointed  again  for  this  year  we 
brought  down  the  examination  to  March  31,  1912. 

Presidj^t  Gricxss:  I  understand  there  is  no  report  from  the 
Committee  on  Constitution  and  By-laws ;  we  will,  therefore,  pass  Ihat 
The  report  of  the  Nominating  Committee  will  be  next  m  order,  unless 
we  go  into  unfinished  bu»uiess  or  new  business.  It  was  suggested  a 
year  ago  that  we  eliminate  the  election  of  vice-presidents  from  each 
of  the  affiliated  associations,  who  were  an  honorary  feature,  and  instead 
of  that  elect  three  active  vice-presidents.  I  had  rather  expected  that 
an  amendment  looking  to  that  would  be  reported  by  the  Committee  on 
Constitution  and  By-laws. 

Manager  Bronson:  me  say  m  regard  to  that,  that  in  con- 
nection with  the  call  for  this  meeting,  sent  out  by  Secretary  Smith, 
there  was  suggested  an  amendment  to  the  constitution  and  by-laws 
to  bring  that  matter  into  effect,  so  as  to  be  in  accord  with  what  we 
felt  would  be  the  right  practice,  and  which  has  been  the  practice  for 
,  the  last  year,  but  without  constitutional  authority.  We  felt  that  the 
constitutkm  should  be  amended  to  acocmi  with  the  practice.  Notke  of 
that  proposed  amendment  was  sent  out  vridi  the  call  for  the  meet- 
ing, according  to  the  constitutional  provision  that  thirty  days  before 
the  meeting  members  should  be  notified  of  any  proposed  constitutional 
amendment. 

Prbsidbnt  Griggs:  Have  you  that  detail,  Mr.  Smith? 


iei        NATmiiki*  LuMBU  Manotactubsbs'  Association 


Sbcbbtary  Smith  :  I  do  not  think  I  brought  it  with  me.  I  know 
it  was  incorporated  in  the  aotkc  thai  went  out  I  have  not  got  that 
r%ht  wM  tut  at  Uns  luoinwit* 

PiosidbiitGiiqgs:  Can  yoofettfiat  before  ^session  adjourns? 
We  can  in  the  meantime  go  on  witfi  thie  nesct  tninness. 
looK  over  my  papers. 

President  Griggs  :  Somebody  ought  to  have  one  of  those  notices. 
The  Committee  on  Resolutions  would  practically  be  the  next  committee 
to  hear  fn^n,  Mr.  Dalzell,  chairman. 

Mm.  Edgab  Dalzbll:  Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen:  The  Com- 

a  meeting  kst  night  and  another  one  this 


following 


is,  whidi  we  will 


ndttee  on  Resof 
morning,  and  we  beg  to 
ask  to  have  read. 

jfhc  resolutions  were  read  by  Secretary  Smith,  as  follows : 


Report  of  Resolutions  Committee 


AMENDMENT  TO  SHERMAN  ANTI-T&UST  LAW 

WHHItBAH  Anmrtcaa  cttliiiii  «iisa9sd  In  tnidt  vitli  oUmt  couhMm 
sfs  efln  eoo^ilM  to  In  ouuftsts  imdmr  oondlftlOBi  eontniM  lij  trarti  or 
eomlilBalioBi^  litt  an  th&amtitfm  vroUliiled  bjr  osr  mommi  sntirtrHrt  law 
igom  offoeUng  s  combliisittoB  In  rootcsint  of  tnde  '*wfia  fot^ga  oooBtdoib" 
from  forming  similar  comblnstlons,  thoroby  belnf  oompoUod  to  act  Indl- 
▼idually  when  dealing  witli  powerful  comlitnstioni  abroad,  wlilch  oonditloii 
li  inequitable  and  burdensome  to  legitimate  export  trade  in  many  BiiMi; 

THEREFORE,  We  request  Congress  of  the  United  States  M  to  amflnd 
the  Sherman  anti-trust  act  in  the  above  respect  that  associations  and  com- 
binations, not  having  to  do  with  domestic  trade,  may,  under  proper  restric- 
tiona,  bo  formed  for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  trade  with  foreign  countiiei. 

PANAMA  CANAL  ZSOIBLATION 

While  the  Panama  Canal  was  primarily  designed  for  the  defense  of  the 
coasts  of  the  United  States,  it  was,  nevertheless,  in  fulfillment  of  plans  for 
the  development  of  the  world's  commerce  and  more  especially  for  the  com- 
merce of  the  United  States.  Therefore,  so  far  as  it  can  be  done  without 
▼ioUtton  of  solemn  treaties,  laws  and  regulations  for  the  government  of  the 
Oaaal  AmOd  1m  to  fkiUMd  m  to  aerve  to  the  highest  extent  possible  the 
itfiiPimt  and  wilfara  of  Uris  eomttry,  wblch  la  building  the  CanaL 

BbI  iiiiea  tha  lawa  of  fha  UMtad  Stataa  x«l«feiiig  to  shipping  and  iia¥lg»- 
tUm  plaea  •  landlcap  vpoa  Amgrtcan  oeaaa-booBA  rtttpping;  If  tlia  Gaaal  te 
ofMMd  m  AMtaMy  mrm  tama  to  an  Um  wf^mtt  any  dfacrtwrtnatKm  in 
fatw  of  aaj  Ainariean  ahlpi^  Hm  Oanal  will  pnnra  to  bo  of  graatar  propor- 
tionate benefit  to  foreign  comitKlaa  than  to  tlia  IFnitad  Stataa. 

THEREFORE,  Wo  petition  Oongroaa  of  tlio  UBitad  Stataa  fia  IkaMiag 
laws  for  the  government  and  oparatlon  of  the  Canal  to  opon  tte  «fmfj  fgm 
to  American  ships  engaged  in  our  coaatwise  domaatie  trada,  baUarlag  tlMH 
thereby  the  development  of  our  shipping  will  be  encouraged,  trada  lialwam 
the  two  coasts  will  be  conducted  more  economically  and  the  development  of 
the  natural  resources  of  the  two  coasts  will  be  greatly  stimulated,  whereaa 
without  such  diacrimination  in  favor  of  coastwise  trade  of  the  United  States, 
the  operation  of  the  Canal  will  especially  conduce  to  the  development  of  tfea 
reeourcea  of  the  countries  to  tl^  north  and  south  of  the  United  Statea. 

ooMnoii  or  rumm  nr  thb  miiwhibippi  river  anb  its  tribu- 

TABXM,  AMD  nfMBDIATB  RELIEF 

WHEREAS,  The  loss  of  life  and  property  during  the  present  floods  in  the 
BCiaaisalppi  river  and  its  tributaries  has  been  unprecedented,  which  ilooda  havo 

209 


2IO        National  Lumbbe  Manupacturbbs'  Associatiom 


produced  a  condition  with  which  local  or  state  resources  are  unable  to  cope, 
either  in  relief  to  the  scores  of  thousands  of  people  who  have  lost  their  homes 
mad  livelihoods  or  promptly  to  restore  the  territory  affected  to  productiveness; 

THEBEFOBE,  The  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association,  in  con- 
vention assembled,  does  most  earnestly  urge  upon  Congress  the  immediate 
adoption  of  all  wise  and  generous  relief  measures,  and,  further,  to  assure,  so 
far  as  congressional  action  may,  the  restraint,  under  wise  counsel,  of  the 
great  central  rivera  so  that  the  preeent  disaster  may  never  be  repeated;  and 
we  urge  upon  onr  memberahip  and  Imnbermen  everywhere  to  give  support  to 

prompt  MMMBtt  of  rtitof  and  of  vraeanttmi  for  ImMHIb  ' 

OBQtfftASXOlK  OP  IMJUKIOUB  JLMBWll 

WBBBEA8,  Many  of  the  insect  pests  and  j^aiil  diiesses,  inflicting  nntold 
loMi  apoii  Hm  tonm  nd  aniailtm  of  flM  Utaittd  8tett%  htkw  boon 
iHyostBB  ihNMB  o^Imhp  oowtilMi  obA  bovf  010  beCfl^  fiflyocted^  ooobSbb  Ute 
■^j^MdHwo  Of  fltfUoMi  Of  Mian  1»y  ttM  KoHmial  govoninwit>  Ite  itoltf  aad 
MMfolttlMtor  UMlr  eosM;  bo  ii 

BO  faptfttllBB  Of  BBMiy  olod^  oBttiBii  or  oay  oHmt  ocUgIm  or  mbMH  by 
wMUA  n^a^  Mite  flM  iBtfodlfiod  <it  ite  llBited  Moileo  eoA  bo  — ^  mtmt^ 

Biiif  itiool  and  fan  oooMl  of  tto  AgilnjiiHinl  PipoiiunBl. 

WaSED  BTATSB  OOMBinUAB  AMD  IXmOMASIO  BDmOB 

WHBBBAi^  U  boo  long  bon  focogniied  tbat  In  many  ooIm  poob  in  iBe 
coMiaar  oaA  AWlMurtie  iWfleo  of  tto  UUtod  SloM 
Bol  profirty  vnllMl  for  obbIi  >ortliOBi»  aad  as  tbo  npnMBtiiliMi  of  ovr 
oiBUBtrolil  iftf  dlliplooMMIo  Inttnoli  obriod  lovriioo  lyooiil  ****«»ii»g  cr 

Q^OOiOl  OQ^WllBOOf 

Boiflte  logolaOIOBo  tho  diplomatle  oad  ooBoOlar  oervleo  of  tho  nborilaailo 

clasMS  so  that  appointment  to  them  may  bo  made  only  npon  f  odml  «Bmlna- 
tton  as  to  the  qualifications  of  ovpointees  and  that  proauitioiis  may  be  made 
on  a  record  of  merit  duly  ascertained,  and  urge  upon  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  the  adoption  of  measures  looking  to  tUo  inpioveiMnt  oad 
nf  ognoxdiag  of  our  national  representation  ob^pood. 

A-ynitTn^ir  POBBBTIIT  AflllOCff  ATTON 

WBOKBiM,  no  ^wwricttii  Foioiliy  Aiiooiotioa  1m  wotBtolaod  oo  o 
iFoiiBloiy  BBbUo  omrieo  ofgoaHolloa  to  tmiMm  tto  pwpofotipa  oad  better 
010  of  oar  forest  roooiiroo%  aad 

WwwwBAM  r%  4m  4]|fl  «M|ty  iwroaiitootliflin  vbiidi  rooeboo       aanoolo  MwmmA 

to  the  public  in  a  popolor  way  regardlag  forestry  aad  lumber  matters,  and 
maintains  for  thio  parppoi  a  aMalldy  magiitao  kaova  as  "Aaiaricaa  7or- 
ostry,'*  and 

WHEBEAS,  The  lumber  industry  as  a  whole  is  keenly  interested  in 
fflMflfc  emifleffvaticiii.  and  in  mmm  ot  erfinaifitlii  g       imMi«  wltb  tbA  nroblMBa 


Report  of  Resolutions  Committee 


211 


Of  fro  proloetton,  foroat  taxation,  freight  rates,  legislation,  and  conservative 
fluaagaBMBtaad  fof oroolation,  bo  it 

XB80CVBD,  Tbat  tbo  Hbtioaal  Lnmber  Manufacturers'  Association 
aadorasB  tbo  votk  of  tko  AmoHcaa  FOrootry  AoMNMon  aad  pledges  its  sup- 
port to  tho  caaao;  aad  bo  it  fUrtiMr 

BESOLVBD,  That  oodi  BMmbor  of  tte  Matioaal  Zanaber  Xaanfactonn' 
Association  bo  urged  to  afflUato  with  tbo  AaiOEicaa  Vbtaotiy  a-^^^^  w 
bocomlag  a  Muber  ttanof  aad  saboatfUag  to  ila  macaHao. 

MnddMO-JN'TEAXm  AMD  OOMOHMTHATZOV  BATBB 

WHEBEAS,  The  attitude  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  indir 
cates  that  it  is  about  to  surround  the  milling-in-transit  and  concentratioa 
rates  with  so  many  restrictions  as  to  make  them  of  no  practical  use  to  lumber 
aad  box  shook  manufacturers,  and  which,  in  addition,  will  undoubtedly  ttult 
Wi**f  «»*aa  on  logs  from  the  woods  to  saw  mills;  be  it 

BBBOLVED,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting  that  the  secretaries  of 
oa^  of  tbo  aflUatod  aasodattons  be  asked  to  secure  at  once  from  their  mem- 
bm  iafonaatlOB  aad  argumonta  and  compile  the  same  into  a  statement  to  be 
Fwaanlad  to  tho  fittontato  OoamMKCo  Commission  at  the  special  hearing 
mtod  hnabor  aad  bos  OboOk  naaufaetarers,  to  be  held  at  Louisville,  Ky. 
f"?  :J^JI^L^  intbtfteaitfabiioforby  having  members  appear 
before  tiio  Oonunlaiioa  to  givo  orldaaeo  Ohowiag  tbo  roaoons  why  our  industry 
should  bo  granted  a  low  ooaooatratioa  rata  on  aiiU  lofte^  cuU  lumber  and 
logs  for  manuf acturo  by  box  ahook  and  aaw  niU  coneanii^  and  tbat  concen- 
tration rates  on  loga,  mlU  rofnao  and  eon  lumbar  fOr  manufaetafo  aro  not 
and  ataould  not  bo  ronaidoiod  aa  milliag-iartraaatt  latak 

NATIONAL  CHAMBER  OF  COMMEBCE 

WHEBEAS,  At  the  snggoatiOB  of  tho  PtoaidaBt  of  ttio  Dented  Statea  and 
upon  the  invitation  of  the  Secretaiy  of  Ooaunono  aad  Labor;  thaio  ^—TrlTfl 
in  Washington,  AprU  22,  700  or  mofo  r^roaontativo  boalna»  nwa  fcZum 
parts  of  this  country  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  national  eoanaafeial 
organization,  whose  function  should  be  to  codpenita  with  aad  adtfaa  tto 
government  departments  upon  matton  afiOeting  eonmofoo  aad  iiidniii,  ^ 
whole;  and  "wwy  ao  a 

WHEREAS,  As  a  result  of  the  deUberations  there  was  orgaaiaad  The 
Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  of  AmarloL  vhooo  mammm  mm 
atatad  la  ita  Constitution  is  as  follows: 

^,  •JJ**      *^  Association  shall  be  to  provide  a  national  clearing 

consideration  of  business  opinion,  and  to 
aawBO  iy tod  actton  upon  questions  affecting  the  commercial  interests  of  the 
«™aii^^ita.  O^tBtattoaa  of  national  importance  shaU  be  considered. »' 

commercial  and  manufacturing  organi- 
st, ^JST^  With  tho  wioua  tmdoa,  industries  and  sectiomi  of  tbo 

tho  ^^irS  ^  ^  Aoifld  bo  a  closer  relationship  between 

anoNBia  aad  tho  diiwtliiMBt  of  Uio  government  oreated 


212        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

6ipecially  to  adviaet  tiMm  and  that  tlilf  can  only  1m  dMM  ttmgli  otgia- 
Ml  «fltet  md  tlM  emllmi  of  »  Mml-oaelal  liody  witli  wMdi  tlM  mfmnmmt 
eta  ooMBlt;  tlniofoftt  lio  It 

BSSOIi'VBD,  Tluit  tte  Vattaal  Lnmbtr  MtoiifaetaMKi'  AiowittHwi 
iMMl^  ffommnat  tiM  aetloii  tlM  VMHtait  aaA  floeMtMy  VaM  aai 
x«VMili  tto  Booid  of  Ooiranofi  of  ttia  AMOrtatioii  to  toko  odcIi  action  aa 
aagr  neolt  In  thia  aaaocUtloa  boeoalBf  •  MdMr  of  iSkm  COUHibw  of  Oom- 
Mice  of  the  UnitoA  States. 

BE80LVED,  second,  Tliat  we  recommend  to  each  of  our  ai&liated  asso- 
ciations that  they  become  members,  thereby  increasing  the  usefulness  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  affording  them  the  opportunity  to  exyzoia  them- 
selves  on  national  problems  affecting  the  lumber  industry. 

WHEREAS,  After  having  been  under  indictment  without  trial  for  five 
years,  suffering  the  deep  humiliation  of  unfounded  accusation  by  the  govern- 
ment and  compelled  to  endure  the  business  inconvenience  and  loss  resulting 
therefrom,  James  T.  Barber,  of  Eau  Claire,  Wis.,  and  his  associates,  and 
Frank  W.  Gilchrist,  of  Alpena,  Mich.,  and  his  associates,  have  been  relieved 
of  these  indictments  without  being  brought  to  trial  and  thus  were  not  given 
opportimity  to  prove  their  innocence  of  the  charges  made  against  tiMi  of 
securing  public  landa  by  fraud,  but  tlie  goremmint  depaftuMitt  concomod 
thoroby  confonlng  that  tho  Indtctmonta  wan  foond  wtthont  dno  canaa  and 
tacitly  adinttting  that  indklmanU  pracodad  rather  than  foUowod  the  aoev- 
ing  of  TidaBco; 

TMMBMFCmM,  Tho  Vatlonal  iMte  Xannfaetoraia'  AwwKiatlMi  ntsnda 
to  thaaa  gantlann  Ita  sympathy  and  aost  vlforondy  piotasta  agalnak  action 
by  any  goiaumant  department  so  regardleai  of  the  repnUtlon  and  welfare 
of  its  ctttMMb  tad  demanda  that  sneh  9«CBoeiitlon  of  dtlsens  shall  ceaso; 

recognizing,  however,  the  fairness  now  animating  the  Department  of  Justice. 

RESOLVED,  That  the  Secretary  be  instructed  to  forward  attsstsd  cflfiis 
af  thia  nraainbla  sad  raaolBtiai  to  the  gsiitliBMin  eoBCOmad. 

OOVFIDBNOB  OITOXIAX&T  JUBtlflJID 

WHEREAS,  At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  a  year  ago  a  vote 
of  confidence  was  given  Mr.  Edward  Hines,  our  fosaar  Psoiidint»  iwon  his 
-  own  statement  before  the  Board  of  Governors; 

RESOLVED,  That  we  now  feel  gratified  at  his  complete  exoneration  by 
the  committee  of  investigatlmv  thns  jnsltfying  tho  actimi  of  this  Aasoda- 
tlon  at  its  last  mosHngi 


no  thanks  of  the  Associatloa  are  hereby  eztanded  to  the  oflLcora  who 
have  so  faithfully  and  diligently  served  it  during  the  past  year,  and  especially 
to  the  President  and  to  the  members  of  the  Advertising  Committee  for  thair 

fMlhfol  and  mtiUliint  haadllag  of  tho  aattors  aiitraitad  to  thair  can. 


Rbpokt      Nominating  GncMiTTEE 


213 


We  also  extend  our  thanks  to  the  Committee  on  Memorial  to  James 
Elliott  Defebaugh  for  their  self-sacrificing  services  which  they  have  per- 
formed at  much  cost  of  personal  time  and  expense,  resulting  in  the  dedication 
on  May  5  of  the  memorial  window  in  the  Forty-first  Street  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Chicago,  and  especially  thank  Mr,  L.  K.  Baker,  of  Ashland,  Wis., 
chairman,  and  Mr.  C.  A.  Bigelow,  of  Bay  City,  Mich.,  secretary  of  the 
oonuttlttoo* 


The  Association  extends  its  thanks  to  the  lumber  trade  papers  which 
have  so  loyally  supported  its  plan  for  a  general  advertising  campaign  in 
behalf  of  wood,  and  wishes  thus  to  express  its  appreciation  of  the  broad 
attitude  taken  by  these  papers  in  regard  to  a  matter  which  from  a  narrow 
viewpoint  might  seem  to  be  inimical  to  their  interests 

Action  upon  the  foregoing  report  was  deferred  temporarily.  The 
Chair  called  next  for  the  report  of  the  Nominating  Committee,  Mr. 
S.  J.  Carpenter,  Chairman. 

Report  of  Nominating  Committee 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen :  Your  Nominating  Committee  have 
unanimously  agreed  to  report  for  your  consideration  the  following 
nominations  of  officers  for  the  ensuing  year : 


Pmbsident— E.  G.  Qbioos  Taeoma,  Wssh. 

First  ViCE-pREsroENT — R.  H.  Vansant  Ashland,  Ky. 

SscoND  Vice-president — J.  B.  Conrad  Glenwood,  Fla. 

THUD  YiGE-PBisiDENT— B.  H.  DowNMAN  New  Orleans,  La. 

MATOOBh-^.  A.  ItanuN.....  Psssdena,  CSsL 


Respectfully  submitted, 

S.  J.  Carpenteb,  Chairman. 

No  other  nominations  offering,  the  report  of  the  Nominating 
Committee  was  received  and  on  motion  the  nominees  reported  by  them 
were  unanimously  elected  to  the  respective  offices  named  for  the  ensu- 
ing year. 

Sbcketary  Smith  :  Gentlemen,  by  your  vote  you  have  re-elected 
your  President,  Mr.  Everett  G.  Griggs,  for  the  ensuing  year.  [Ap- 
plause.] 

President  Griggs  :    I  understand  that  the  entire  ticket  is  elected. 

Secretary  Smith:  We  ought  now  to  take  up  the  Board  of 
Governors,  ascertain  if  any  changes  are  desired,  and  complete  the 
election. 


1 ' 
I 


214       National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  AssooAiiON 

PXBsn^NT  Griggs:  We  will  hear  from  the  Credentials  Com- 
mittee before  we  act  upon  that  matter;  I  shall  call  for  that  report,  Mr. 

Lewis  Doster,  Chairman. 

Report  of  Credentials  Committee 

Mr.  President  and  Members:  Your  Committee  on  Credentiak 

have  the  honor  to  report  that  the  associations  affiliated  with  this 

organization  are  entitled  to  vote  by  numbers  as  follows: 

Delegate§* 

Wotlmi  Pine  Maauffteliirera'  Assoeiatioii   S 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association   S 

Hardwood  Manufacturers*  Association  of  U.  S   9 

Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers*  Association   6 

Nortiiern  Hemlock  ft  Hardwood  Murafmetiuren'  Aieoeiatioii   S 

Northern  Pine  Manuf aetnfers '  Assoeiation  17 

Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers*  Association   43 

North  Carolina  Pine  Association  (Inc.)   10 

West  Coast  Lumber  MaanfiwtiiTen'  Aaaoeiation  24 

PaeUle  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Manufactuien'  Awoeiation   4 

Geoigia*FlOTida  Sawmill  Asaociatioa  (Inc.).^....   S 

It  might  be  well  to  add  for  the  infcmnaticm  of  those  present  that 
some  associations  did  not  appoint  their  full  quota  of  delegates  allowed 

by  your  constitution,  or  that  their  complete  numbers  are  not  in  attend- 
ance, but  the  individual  associations  when  voting  on  any  subject  will 
be  credited  with  the  above  allotment,  unless  any  divisions  are  reported. 

Re^>ectfully  submitted, 

Lewis  Doster, 
A.  W.  Coom, 
R.  S.  Kellogg, 

Committee. 

WitlM>ttt  objection  the  report  of  the  Credentials  Ccmmiittee  was 

received  and  accepted. 

The  various  affiliated  associations  having  presented  their  nomina- 
tions for  members  of  the  Board  of  Governors,  there  being  no  conflict- 
ing nominations,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Long,  the  following  Board  of  Gov- 
ernors was  duly  elected,  viz. : 

Board  of  Governors 

William  laim  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis. 

Northern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association. 

W.  C.  I*ANDON    Wansau,  Wis. 

Northern  Hemlock  &  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association. 

,C.  A.  BiGELOW  Bay  City,  Mieh. 

Miehigaa  Hardwood  ManuftietnrerB'  Assodatioii. 


Constitutional  Ambndhsnts 


315 


W.  A.  Gn^CHlusT  Memphis,  Tena. 

Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States. 

John  M.  Gibbs  Norfolk,  Va. 

North  Carolina  Pine  Association  (Inc.). 

P.  E.  Watmeb  Pauway,  Fla. 

Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mffl  Aaaoeiatkwi  (lae.). 

J.  B.  WHns  Kaaaas  City,  Mo. 

Yellow  Pine  Maaafactnfera*  Associatioa. 

A.  T.  GniAira.  Hbaam,  La. 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association. 

B.  M.  Hast  Coeur  d'Alene,  Ida. 

Weatem  Pfaie  Manafaetaraa'  Aaaoeiatioo. 

L.  J.  WiNTWOBEH  Portlaad,  Ore. 

West  Coast  Lumber  Maavfaetiiim'  Aawtiation. 

G9QME  X.  Wendling  San  Franciseo,  CaL 

Pacific  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association. 

Edward  Hinss  {ex-officio)  Chicago,  HL 

When  caUing  the  list  of  proposed  nominatioiis  for  Board  of  Gov- 
ernors, there  was  no  r^resentative  of  the  Redwood  Mannfacturers' 
Association,  and  no  nomination  from  them. 

President  Griggs:  I  think  the  Redwood  association  has  dis- 
integrated. I  hardly  think  it  would  be  w^ise  to  consider  them  as  mem- 
bers, although  the  board  has  not  yet  acted  on  their  resignation.  Mr. 
Skinner  put  in  his  resignation  some  time  ago,  but  we  liave  not  had  a 
board  meeting  to  accept  it.  I  rather  think  tfa^  wUl  reorganize  a^um. 
this  year. 

Sbcbbtary  Smith  :  Then  they  can  come  in  again. 

Amendments  to  Constitution  and  By-Laws 

A  motion  was  then  offered,  seconded  and  unanimously  passed, 
that  the  proposed  amendments  to  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  the 
asspdation  be  adopted  as  suggested  in  the  official  call  for  the  ammal 
meeting.  The  amendments  are  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  consti- 
tution conform  to  the  practice  adopted  at  the  time  of  the  last  annual 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Governors,  viz. : 

That  there  shall  be  only  three  Vice-Presidents  altogether,  instead 
of  one  from  each  affiliated  association,  and  that  these  Vice-Presidents, 
together  with  the  President,  the  Treasurer,  and  the  last  retiring  Presi- 
dent shall  be  ex-officio  members  of  the  Board  of  Governors. 

The  sections  and  artides  as  amended  are  as  follows: 

article  III,  SECTION  I 

The  officers  of  the  Association  shall  consist  of  a  President,  three 
Vice-Presidents,  a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  a  Manager  and  a  Board  of 


r 

216        National  Lumber  Manufactukebs'  Association 


Governors,  consisting  of  one  member  from  each  association  member 
of  this  Association,  and  the  ex-offido  members  hereinafter  provided. 

article  III,  SECTION  3 

A  President,  three  Vice-Presidents  and  a  Treasurer  shall  be 
elected  at  each  annual  meeting,  by  ballot,  by  a  majority  vote  of  all  votes 
represented  at  such  meeting.  All  of  these  officers  shall  be  active  lumber 
manufacturers. 

ARTICLE  III,  SECTION  5 

The  President,  the  three  Vice-Presidents,  the  Treasurer  and  ibt 
last  retiring  President  shall  be  ex-offido  members  of  the  Board  of 

Governors. 

ADOPTION  Of  REPORT  OE  RESOLUTIONS  COMMITTEE 

Oiairman  Dalzell,  of  the  Committee  on  Resolutions,  moved  the 

adoption  of  the  committee's  report  as  heretofore  submitted. 

Mr.  J.  B.  White  moved  to  amend  the  report  by  the  addition  of 
the  resolution  regarding  Mr.  Hines,  which  is  incorporated  in  the  report 
of  the  Resolutions  Committee. 

The  motion  to  amend  was  seconded. 

Presh^t  Gkiggs:  Do  I  trnderstand,  Mr.  Dalzell,  that  yon  are 
willing  to  accept  that  amendment  and  include  it  in  your  report? 

Mr.  Dalzell:  Yes. 

President  Griggs:  Gentlemen,  you  have  heard  the  motion  to 
adopt  the  report  as  amended.  Is  there  any  discussion  at  this  time  with 
r^fard  to  any  of  these  resolutions?  If  not  the  Chair  will  put  the 
question. 

The  motion  carried  and  the  resdutions  were  unanimously  adopted 
President  Griggs:   Is  there  any  further  business  to  come. before 

the  convention?  If  not,  I  want  to  add  one  parting  shot  to  this  con- 
vention. The  Board  of  Governors  that  you  have  elected  have  to  face 
a  very  considerable  obligation  to  carry  on  the  work  of  this  organiza- 
tion for  the  ensuing  year.  I  have  felt,  and  did  feel  a  year  ago  when  I 
was  elected  to  the  presidency,  ^t  I  was  confronted  with  a  pretty 
serious  condition.  I  felt  it  for  six  months.  I  feel  a  little  better  in 
starting  in  on  this  year  with  this  Association.  On  the  former  occasion 
I  did  not  know  just  where  I  was;  I  know  today.  I  feel  that  I  have  the 
confidence  of  the  Association,  as  testified  by  this  reelection,  and  I  am 
more  than  pleased  to  have  this  vote. 


Tenth  Annual  Meeting  217 

I  think,  however,  that  the  matter  of  advertising,  the  matter  of 
expending  money  to  carry  on  the  detailed  work  of  this  Association 
assumed  by  the  Board  of  Governors,  as  it  has  had  to  be  assumed,  must 

have  the  confidence  of  the  entire  associations  affiliated  here;  and  we 
have  got  to  hear  promptly  from  every  President  and  Secretary  in 
regard  to  certain  obligations  that  we  are  assuming.  We  want  to  have 
you  talk  freely  and  frankly  to  your  Board  at  all  times,  so  that  when 
we  do  call  the  Board  together  they  can  reflect  the  sentiment  of  the 
districts  from  whkh  they  come.  I  have  every  confidence  in  the  futnre 
work  of  this  Association,  whether  or  not  it  is  badced  unanhnously  by 
the  affiliated  organizations;  but  it  would  not  last  very  long  if  any 
Association  affiliated  would  resign  because  this  or  that  little  feature  of 
tiie  detail  work  of  the  Association  were  not  carried  out  altogether  in 
accordance  with  the  sentiment  of  an  individual.  So  I  bespeak  for  the 
Natiofial  Association  the  hearty  cooperation  of  the  affiliated  assoda- 
tk>ns;  and  the  work  must  be  carried  on  dirough  the  Presidents  and 
Secretaries  and  the  Board  of  Governors. 
Gentlemen,  I  thank  you.  [Applause.] 

Mk.  Holt:  I  want  to  call  the  attentkm  of  those  who  are  here, 

and  who  may  not  know  it,  that  I  happen  to  be  the  Chairman  of  the 
Insurance  Committee  of  the  National  Wholesale  Lumber  Dealers' 
Association.  We  want  to  cooperate  with  this  Association  in  this  insur- 
ance work.  Here  is  a  somewhat  interesting  report  that  I  have,  although 
I  am  like  Mr.  Gerrans,  I  am  recommending  myself  to  some  extent, 
althoagh  it  is  a  production  of  this  committee.  Here  was  what  was  done 
in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  a  very  short  time,  putting  the  underwriter  on  the 
other  side  of  the  table  and  making  him  say  why  he  does  it,  instead  of 
letting  him  ask  you  to  show  why  you  did  it.  If  anybody  is  interested  in 
this  report  there  are  a  number  of  copies  here,  and  when  they  are  gone 
there  are  more  to  be  had  if  you  will  ask  for  them. 

Mr.  White:  I  am  interested  in  the  matter  of  this  report  that 
has  been  read.  I  expect  we  all  are  more  or  less.  Yesterday  in  remark- 
ing upon  Mr.  Kellogg's  address,  who  said  that  the  lumbermen  were 
goats,  and  very  likely  they  were  dead  goats,  I  said  that  about  all  we 
needed  now  was  coffins.  And  I  am  reminded  that  they  are  now  making 
concrete  coffins— cement  coffins — and  robbing  the  lumbermen  of  a  mar- 
ket for  something  like  750,000,000  feet  of  lumber  every  year ;  and  they 
claim,  among  other  things,  that  they  are  fireproof.  [Laughter.]  Now 
we  know  the  kind  of  life  that  we  have  led.   I  do  not  know  what  the 


aiB        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

rate  of  insurance  is,  but  if  you  have  any  policy  that  will  cover  that  kind 
of  a  case  I  would  like  to  know  it  [Laus^er.] 

Fusmasn  Griggs:  I  am  going  to  ask  a  former  President  of 
this  association  to  pronounce  the  benediction  of  this  convention.  Mr. 
R.  A.  Long,  will  you  close  the  convention? 

L'Envoi 

BY  R.  A.  LONG,  OF  KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen :  I  hardly  know  what  you  want  me 
to  say,  or  scarcely  what  there  is  left  for  me  to  say.  The  assembly  has 
been  small  from  the  standpoint  of  numbers ;  but,  in  my  judgment,  it  has 
been  great  and  influential  from  the  standpoint  of  the  papers  resul  and 
the  speeches  ddivered. 

I  haire  been  especially  impressed  with  the  paper  as  read  by  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Keith.  I  think  if  we  had  not  assembled  for  any  other  pur- 
pose than  to  have  listened  to  that  paper  and  to  have  meditated  upon  it,  as 
I  believe  we  have  done  to  a  greater  extent  than  we  would  have  done 
if  we  had  read  it  at  home  m  our  offices,  this  meeting  would  have  been 
a  frnmouBced  success.  At  this  particular  time  it  seems  to  me  an  excd- 
kmt  opportunity  for  us  to  make  use  of  the  material  recorded  therein,  to 
our  great  helpfulness.  I  am  very  gjad  that  this  body  has  decided  to 
spend  quite  a  number  of  thousands  of  dollars  in  the  distribution  of  this 
valuable  paper. 

LACK  OF  CO-OFERATION 

There  are  some  things,  of  course,  that  are  discouraging  in  meet- 
ings like  this.  As  I  have  sat  throughout  the  different  sessions  that  we 
have  held,  I  have  been  impre^ed  especially  with  the  thought,  as  sug- 
gested in  Mr.  Carpenter's  paper,  of  the  lack  of  cooperatkm  on  tiie 
part  of  a  great  number  of  influential  men,  men  who  would  be  a  power 
for  good  in  this  body  if  they  met  with  us,  but  who  practically  show 
no  interest  in  our  sessions.  This  is  discouraging  on  the  one  hand,  yet, 
on  the  other  hand,  we  should  remember  that  in  the  various  organiza- 
tions throughout  this  country,  and  throu^^iout  the  worid,  you  mi^t 
say,  the  work  is  usually  done  by  a  lew  men.  Comparativdy  speaking, 
tfiere  are  only  a  few  men  diat  do  tiie  thinking  for  the  rest  of  the  world; 
and  so  it  seen»  to  me  that  we  should  gather  some  encouragement  from 
that  thought. 


L'Envoi 


219 


I  think  we  should  attend  these  meetings  from  year  to  year,  and 
while  there  are  discouraging  features  that  arise,  yet,  on  the  whole,  we 
should  be  encouraged  in  the  thought  that  we  are  in  a  quiet  and  humble 

way  trying  to  do  what  we  can  in  order  to  carry  on  an  industry  that  is  of 
great  value  and  use,  and  in  order  that  it  may  fulfill  its  place  in  the  great 
industries  of  the  world. 

I  made  the  statement  some  years  ago — and  I  believe  more  and 
more  in  that  statement — that  it  would  be  a  good  thing  for  every 
business  man  in  die  world  if  once  every  year  at  least  he  were  compelled 
to  prepare  a  paper  upon  some  important  subject,  for  the  reason  that  in 
the  preparation  of  such  a  paper,  necessitating  his  giving  the  thought 
and  consideration  to  the  subject,  it  leads  him  to  make  investigations 
that  he  would  not  otherwise  make,  and  hence  makes  of  him  a  stronger 
man  mentally,  more  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  affairs  of  the  coun- 
try than  would  otherwise  be  the  case. 

VALUE  OF  ASSOCIATION  MEETINGS 

We  find  recorded  in  that  book,  which  I  hope  we  all  read  occa- 
sionally, this  thought :  "Forsake  not  the  assembling,  of  yourselves  to- 
gether." I  believe  that  we  are  all  agreed  that  that  is  a  wise  injunction, 
because  through  the  assembHng  of  ourselves  together  we  produce 
results  that  could  not  possibly  be  produced — I  care  not  how  much  one 
may  read — ^when  we  separate  or  segr^te  ourselves  into  our  single 
capacities.  I  believe  freely  in  the  fact  ffiat  in  the  touching  of  elbows 
there  is  a  strength  that  passes  from  one  individual  into  another;  and 
we  cannot  touch  elbows  except  we  congregate  together  in  these  various 
congregational  capacities.  And  so  I  feel  that  it  is  my  pleasure  and  my 
prc^t  to  be  able  to  assemble  at  least  once  or  twice  a  year  in  such 
congr^ations  of  individuals  as  we  find  assemhled  here,  these  meet- 
ings of  the  National  association;  and  greater  strength  is  obtained,  if 
you  please,  Mr.  President  and  gentlemen,  through  these  assemblies  and 
the  assemblies  of  the  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  than 
we  could  obtain  through  our  individual  associations — I  mean  to  say 
the  associations  representing  directly  the  particular  industries  in  which 
we  are  engaged;  because  in  this  National  association  we  find  assembted 
together  the  best  men  of  all  of  ^ese  various  assodatbns,  represent- 
ing ideas  that  pertain  to  these  various  association  matters.  Through 
this  cooperation  of  thought  we  reach  a  greater  development  of  our 
minds  than  would  be  otherwise  the  case.  [Applause.] 


220        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

President  Griggs:  I  would  like  to  ask  for  a  rising  vote  of 
thanks  to  Mr.  DeLaney  and  his  associates  here  in  Cincinnati,  and  to 
this  hotel,  for  their  courtesies  extended  to  this  association. 

The  motion  carried,  and  a  unanimous  vote  of  thanks  was  returned 
to  Mr.  DeLaney  and  his  associates,  and  the  Hotel  Sinton. 

No  ItirUier  tmstness  offering,  ^  conventioa  adjourned  sfm  die. 


Delegate  Attendance 

NOIffHIBN  FINB  MANIVACTUBIBS '  ▲S80CXATI0M. 

DSLMATIS. 


7.  A.  MoCann,  C^ookston  Lumber  Company  Bemidji,  Minn. 

B.  O.  Ghibholm,  NieholsOUshdiBi  Lumber  Oompamy  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

H.  R.  WoERZ,  David  Tozer  Company  Stillwater,  Minn. 

J.  F.  Wilson,  Johnson- Wentworth  Lumber  Company  Cloquet,  Minn. 

H.  C.  Hornby,  Cloquet  Lumber  Company  CSoqoet,  Minn. 

Lb  L.  Babth,  Edward  Hines  Lumber  Company  Chicago,  HL 

Edgar  Dalzell,  C.  A.  Smith  Lumber  Company  MinneapoliB,  Minn. 

C.  A.  BaktoNi  Northland  Pine  Company  Minneapolis^  Minn. 


E.  &  Omm,  SoeNAiiy,  Nortten  Pine  Mamfaetmni'  AMociation 

 Minneapolis,  Minn 


noamnaN  hhimok  a  habdwood  ifANUFAcruuns'  assooiaxion. 

IHsLMAras. 


C.  H.  WoscEST^  Worcester  Lumber  Company  Chicago,  111. 

W.  O.  OoUiAB,  w.  0.  OnDar  Lnnber  Company  .MMtfin,  Wli. 

Al/RBNATBS. 

B.  S.  KsLLOGO,  Secretary,  Northern  Hemlock  &  Hardwood  Association 

 WaoMMi,  Vis. 

A.  a  WMiiB,  J.  W.  WtUi  Lnnber  CooipaBy  Maneafaae,  Midi. 

mOBIttAK  HABDWOOO  XANlTFAimjIBHI '  ASSOCIATION. 

DELOaATBS. 

Bruce  Odell,  Cummer-Diggins  Company  Cadillac,  Mich. 

C.  A.  BtoELOW,  Kneeland-Bigelow  Company  Bay  City,  Mich. 

W.  O.  Hull,  Smitii-Hnll  Company  TraTone  Ci^,  Mleh. 

F.  L.  Richardson,  Richardson  Lumber  Company  ..Bay  City,  Mich. 

O.  L.  Labson,  Boddey  k  Douglas  Lumber  Company  Manistee,  Mich. 

AlAnNAM. 

J.  C  Kmok,  Seeretary,  Midiigan  Hardwood  Mannfaetnrara'  AMoeiation 

 ,  Cadillac,  Mich. 

Chaklis  a.  PbBiPs,  Hackley-Phelps-Bonnell  Company  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


Delegate  Attendance 


231 


yellow  pine  manufacturers'  associatoon. 


Delegates. 

W.  T.  Murray,  Fordyce  Lumber  Company  Fordyce,  ^k. 

C.  S.  Keith,  Central  Coal  &  Coke  Company  KaMas  City,  Mo. 

C.  D.  Johnson,  Frost-Johnson  Lumber  Company  ^.St.  Loms,  Mo. 

J.  W.  Mamin,  Arkansas  Short  Leaf  Lumber  Company  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

8.  H.  Fullerton,  Chicago  Lumber  &  Coal  Company  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

B.  A.  Long,  Long-Bell  Lumber  Company  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

O.  L.  Benway,  Natalbany  Lumber  Company  Hammond,  Lia. 

O.  B.  Slacoje,  Louisiana  Central  Lumber  Company   -^-larks,  J^a. 

J.  B.  White,  Missouri  Lumber  &  Mining  Company   t 

S.  J.  Carpenter,  Tremont  Lumber  Company  ^     "^^jS^ '  i** 

J.  H.  Berkshire,  Ozark  Land  &  Lumber  Company  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

BfeN  &  WOOOHEAD,  Beaumont  Lumber  Company  Beaumont,  Tex. 

F.  H.  LAfnOP,  Lathiop  Lumber  Company  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Alternates. 

W.  G.  Lovelace,  Lovelace  Lumber  Company  Brewton,  A^. 

A.  W.  JUDD,  Gates  Lumber  Company  •  •  • .  Wilnwr,  A*. 

M.  B.  Nelson,  Long-Bell  Lomber  Company  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Bom  PwNnwwoN,  Bkmntrtown  ManuiMsturing  Oonpaaj  Bloaatatown,  Fla. 

N0«KH  OASOUNA  FINX  ASflOCIATiON. 
DiLKATIS. 

Horton  OOEwm,  Jn.,  Branning  Manufacturing  Company  Edenton,  N.  C. 

Ira  Johnson,  Greenleaf- Johnson  Lumber  Company  Norfolk,  Va. 

W.  B.  Roper,  Secretary,  North  Carolina  Pine  Association  Norfolk,  va. 

Guy  L  Buell,  Montgomery  Lumber  Company  Suffolk,  Va. 

B.  O.  Camp,  Camp  Manufacturing  Company  Franklinton,  Va. 

George  H.  Camp,  Camp  Manufacturing  Company  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

J.  T.  Deal,  Cashie  &  Chowan  Railroad  &  Lumber  Company  Norfolk,  Va. 

Alternates. 

None. 

QSOSOIA-FLORIDA  SAW  MILL  ASSOCIATION. 
DSLBQATBS. 

H.  M.  Graham,  Stuart  Lumber  Company  Brinson,  Ga. 

F.  E.  Waymer,  Union  Lumber  Company  Jacksonville,  Ma. 

J.  B.  Conrad,  Bond  Lumber  Company  ..CHsnwood,  |Ta. 

E.  G.  mmmuL,  Seeivtary,  Qeorgia-Ftorida  Sawmill  Anoeiation. .  JacksoavOlo^  Fla, 


Nopa. 

gOUTHBN  0TPBC88  MANUTACTUBttS '  ASSOCIATION. 


A.  T.  esHUNB,  8t  Lottis  Qjprew  Company  Honma,  La. 

AxABHAns. 

NOM. 

BASDWOOD  MAKUVAOmiUBS'  ASSOOEAnOlf. 

Delegates. 

B.  B.  Burns,  L.  L.  Ritter  Lumber  Company  Huntington,  W.  Va. 

R  M.  ^^M»Tm  Carrior  Lomber  ft  Manufa^nring  Company  Sardis,  MiM. 

Qmma  E.  W.  Ldbrbkann,  C.  F.  Lneinmaaa  Hardwood  Lsmber  Company 

 ,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


am        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

W.  E.  DdUliBT,  Kentucky  Lumber  Ck>mpan7  GiadaMti,  Ohio 

J*  H.  HnmiiMmin,  HimmeUMfger-Hairiioii  Ldmber  Ck>mpany 

 Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 

W.  A.  Gilchrist,  Three  States  Lumber  CompaDy  Memphis^  Tenn. 

&  H.  Yansant,  Vaaaaat,  Kitdieii  ft  Company   Aibhuid,  Ky. 

T.  J.  MoprETT,  Maley-Thomp8on  &  Moffett  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

E.  A.  Lang,  Paepcke-Leicht  Lumber  Company  Chicago,  111. 

J.  W.  Daruno,  J.  W.  Darling  Lumber  Company  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

GLAmni  Ualkt,  Ma%  *  Wcrti  Evans^iUe,  Ind. 

iMwis  DosTEB,  Soervbury,  Hardwood  MannlRetaiert'  Anoeiation  of  the 

United  Stateo  GiBdniMiti,  OUo 

Al/TBIMAVIB. 

A.  B.  Ransom,  John  B.  Hansom  *  Coaipaij,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

C.  Cbane,  C.  Crane  &  Company  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

W.  I.  BAitB,  Barr-Holladay  Lumber  ComfKuy  Greenfield,  Ohio 

west  coast  lumber  manufacturem '  assoclktion. 

Delegates. 

£.  W.  DnuRBST,  Paeifie  Natioiua  I^nmber  Company   .Taeoma,  Waah. 

E.  G.  Oueos,  St.  Paul  &  Tacoma  Lumber  Company  Tacoma,  Wash. 

John  W.  Blodoxtt,  Booth-Keiley  Lumber  ComjMoiy  Grand  Bapida,  Mieh. 

WESTERN  FINE  MANUFACTURERS '  ASSOCIATION. 

DlLBQATBS. 

A.  W.  Cocnm,  Seefelaiy,  Weattn  Pine  MannfRctPfera'  Aaaoeiation 

AunnarATis. 

HoM* 

Officers. 

E.  G.  Griogs,  President  Taeoma,  Wash. 

B.  H.  Yanbant,  Yiee-Preaident  Ashland,  Ky. 

J.  B.  Conrad,  Yice-Preaident  Glenwood,  Fla. 

George  K.  Smith,  Secretary  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Leonard  Bronson,  Manager  ChicagOi  UL 

Board  of  Governors. 

C.  A.  BiGELOW.  Bay  City,  Mich. 

F.  E.  Waymsr  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

J.  B.  Wam  Kanaaa  City,  Mo. 

A.  T.  Gerrans.  Houma,  La. 

Edward  Hines  Chicago,  Dl. 

B.  M.  Carrier  Sardis,  Miss. 


Attendance 

Artz,  J.  Elam,  Pordyce  Lumber  Company  Dayton,  Ohio 

Baird,  J.  H.,  Southern  Lumberman  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Barns,  W.  E.,  St.  Louis  Lumberman  St  Loiris,  Mo. 

Barr,  W.  L,  Barr-Holladay  Lumber  Company  ..Greenfield,  Ohio 

Barth,  L.  L.,  Edward  Hines  Lumber  Company  Chicago,  HI. 

Bartlett,  B.,  J.  J.  Newman  Lumber  Company  Hattiesburg,  Miss. 

Babion,  C.  a.,  Northland  Pine  Company  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Benway,  O.  L.,  Natalbany  Lumber  Company  Hammond,  La. 

Berkshire,  J.  H.,  Ozark  Land  &  Lumber  Company  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Betts,  H.  S.jForest  Products  Engineer  Madison,  Wis. 

Budbkan,  W.  F.,  Supt.,  National  Lumber  Mannfaetorera'  CVedit  Corpora- 
tion St.  Louis,  Mo. 

BiGELOW,  C.  A.,  Kneeland-Bigelow  Company  Bay  City,  Mich. 

Bix>D6STT,  John  W.,  Booth-Kelley  Lumber  Company  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Jknsn,  J.  JL,  Bla»lnim  4b  Bolser  Lumber  Company  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Botd,  James,  Lumber  Trade  Journal  New  Orleuis,  La. 

Bradley,  Edwaed  C,  Champion  Lumber  Granpany  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Bremer,  F.  H.,  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Bronson,  Leonard,  Manager  Chicago,  HI. 

Browee,  Charles  E.,  Secretary,  National  Olaasilieation  Ooounittee. Memphis,  Tenn. 

Brown,  Douglas  A.,  Official  Reporter  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Bryant,  D.  H.,  Thomas  &  Proetz  Lumber  Company  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

Buell,  Guy  L,  Montgomery  Lumber  Company  Suffolk,  Va 

Burns,  B.  B.,  L.  L.  Bitter  Lomber  Ck>mpany  Huntington,  W.  Ya. 

Camp,  George  H.,  Camp  Manufacturing  Company  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Camp,  R.  G.,  Camp  Manufacturing  Company  Franklinton,  Va. 

Carpenter,  S.  J.,  Tremont  Luml^r  Company  Winnfield,  La, 

Carhek,  B.  M.,  Carrier  Lumber  k  Maanfaetnring  Company  Sardis,  Miss. 

Obbm,  H.  &,  Seeietaiy,  Northern  Pine  Maanfaetoien'  Association  

 .Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Chisholm,  R.  G.,  Nichols-Chisholm  Lumber  Company  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

C(n<LAR,  W.  G.,  W.  G.  Collar  Lumber  Company  Merrill,  Wis. 

Gone,  Albert,  American  Lumbemum  Chicago,  HL 

Conrad,  J.  B.,  Bond  Lumber  Company  Glenwood,  Fla. 

Cooper,  A.  W.,  Secretary,  Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  

 Spokane,  Warii. 

OOBWIM,  HOBION,  Jr.,  Bhoining  Mannfaetnring  Company  Edenton,  N.  C. 

Crane,  C,  C.  Crane  &  Company  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Dahl,  Eugene  W.,  Grand  Trunk  Railway  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Dalzell,  Edgar,  C.  A.  Smith  Lumber  Company  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Baeumo,  J.  W.,  J.  W.  Darling  Lumber  Company  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

JUms,  James,  Lima  Locomotive  &  Machine  Company  Lima,  Ohio 

Deal,  J.  T.,  Casliie  &  Chowan  Bailroad  4b  Lumber  Company  Norfolk,  Ya. 

DeCamp,  E.  W  :  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

DSFIBAUOH,  B.  H.,  American  Lumberman  Chicago,  111. 

DeLanet,  W.  E.,  Kentucky  Lumber  Company  CSneinnat^  Ohio 

Demarest,  E.  W.,  Pacific  National  Lumber  Company  Tacoma,  Waah. 

Doster,  Lewis,  Secretary,  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the 

United  States  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Dues,  Charles,  Lumber  Mutuals  Insuranee  Ezdiange..  Chicago,  JUL 

maam,  J.  O.,  Seevetaiy,  Golf  Cbtst  LudMr  Bqportafs'  AsMdaHon  

 New  Orleani^  La. 


^        Natiokal  Luhm«  Manufacturers'  Association 


^^^:ti:^r^:;^t^itT^  o«^v^  c^..,o,  i„. 

Frost,  Jacob  "  ^^^'^^  Chicaio  Hi 

On^N  H  w    u   i"""'"  ^ypresa  Gbmpm,  LtdT^ St.  Louis,  Mo. 

is -^^^  ::::::::: 

aSSif  k  fe^i&J^^r        i^"™"'*  Company' ' ' "  't^^T^  '^t 

wS?  h      American  Lumberman.       ^^'^y  Chicago,  lU. 

Holt,  Geo.  H.,  Holt  Lumber  ComDanv ;V  Chicago  ifi. 

iSJ^  Lumbermaii.V!:  Cloquet,  Minn. 

S  '  Smith-Hull  Company   Chicago,  HI. 

jSS'  ^^^S,'^??^  La  World  ite^i;;- Tr.^  Cit/]fech; 
JohnISn  L      I^rost- Johnson  Lumber  CompJ^y  «:^J^<^*?«^ 
Tiinn  ^        ^i^''^®''^^^-*^o*»°8on  Lumber  Mo. 
^-^^Jix^-^^*'  Lumber  Company   .Norfolk  Va. 

*  C6&^xnpany;;;.  •^"^•'/a*. 

'^MMW,  B.  S.,  SMNtHT,  K«(^n  TfMTbli.  W     ■   Kansas  City,  Ife, 

Association   wmoek  &  Hardwood  Manufacturers' 

KIIW.  J.  C,  Secretaiy,  Michigan"  Hardwood' jfaiiiieta^iV  i^;^^  Wis. 

i2nq  r  Y*^  f  Tride  Joirniu' iWnmngham,  Ala. 

lSJ^?;  ^  I^me-Bell  Lumber  CompLj^^^^^^^  '  * '  * New  York,  N.  Y. 
T^JSt^S  «  G;,  Lovelace  Lumber  C6mDanv Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Lucius,  KW^Aw.  Lucius  &  Compan?^ '  Brewton,  Ala. 

LUEHRMANN,  OlOMB  E.  W    O   i   t  "1  Cincinnati  <SS 

Paii7...'..._"."^.^'^^^-  ^'  Luehrmann  Hardwood  Lumber  C^^  "^ 

JjAun^  Claude,  Maley  &  Wertz. . .   Bemidji,  Minn. 

SKvZSjL  Arkansas  Short  Leaf  LumW  rAmC,m' "  * ' Evansville,  Ind. 
MoppETT,  T.  J.,  Maley-ThompMnT*  mJSS^  Company...  pi^e  Bluflf.  Aik 

fc^'n^-'rJ^'*"^-^^"  ^"°»ber  CoS^ ....Fordyce,  Ark. 

l^y'f.  ':T^:''}f^  ^-p-^.* 

Pennington,  Rupus,  Blounistown'Maiin^i^^' *  *  Saginaw'  Mick 

M.,  Edward  Hines  Lumber  CbmpW * M^>* 
9mm,  E.  A.,  Forest  &  Timber  Engin^^^ * '  '^»'^^'^^?o,  lU. 

 ™iadelphia,  Pa. 


Attendance  225 

Vansant,  B.  H.,  Vansant,  Kitchen  &  Company  Ashland,  Ky. 

Walker,  J.  C,  Mississippi  Valley  Lumberman  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Watmer,  F.  E.,  Union  Lnmber  Company  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

White,  J.  B.,  Missouri  Lumber  &  Mining  Company.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Wilson,  J.  F.,  Johnson- Wentworth  Lumber  Company  Cloquet,  Minn. 

Williams,  John  E.,  American  Lumberman  Chicago,  HI. 

WOBS,  H.  B.,  David  Toaer  Company  Stillwater,  Minn. 

WooDHEAD,  Ben  S.,  Beaumont  Lumber  Company   .BeaisBum^  Texas 

WoMBBTB,  C.  H.,  Woreestor  linmber  Company  diieago,  HI. 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  OF  SPEAKERS 


Barton,  C.  A   207 

Betts,  H.  S   188 

BiGELOw,  C.  A.  76-78 

Blodgett,  J.  W  121,  137 

Bronson,  Leonard  29-52,  207 

Carpenter,  S.  J  150-157,  213 

Carrier,  R.  M   67 

CuNE,  McGarvey  (Paper)  189-199 

Collar,  W.  G  69-71 

Conrad,  J.  B  . .    149 

Cooper,  A.  W  158-159 

Corwin,  Horton,  Jr  121-122,  139-140 

Dalzell,  Edgar  208,  216 

DeLaney,  W.  E  12,  79-84 

Donovan,  J.  J.  (Paper)  185-188 

DosTER,  Lewis   214 

Downman,  Robert  H.  (Paper)  157-158 

Gerrans,  a.  T  68,  118- 1 20,  157 

Gilcpirist,  W.  a.  183-185 

Goss,  Rev.  Charles  F   11 

Griggs,  E.  G  12,  13,  16, 

17,  18-28,  54,  56,  67,  68,  69,  71,  75,  78,  79,  84,  117,  120,  121,  126, 
136,  137,  138,  139,  140,  148,  150,  157,  158,  159,  160-164,  170,  183 
185,  188,  200,  203,  204,  205,  206,  208,  213,  214,  215,  216,  218,  220 

Holt,  George  H  171 -182,  206,  217 

Johnson,  C.  D  137,  139 

Keith,  Charles  S  84,  85-117,  138 

Kellogg,  R.  S  127-136,  203 

Long,  R.  A  120,  206,  218-219 

Nelson,  M.  B   .72-75 

Odell,  Bruce  141 -148 

227 


228 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


PAGE 

Page,  Paul  E  60-67 

Parker,  F.  E   15 

RiDSDALE,  P.  S  200-202 

Smiels,  Charles  F   13 

Smith,  Geo.  K  16,  52-54,  56,  136,  206,  208,  213,  215 

Sterling,  E.  A  204-206 

Teal,  Joseph  N.  (Report)  122-126 

Wendling,  George  X.  (Paper)  164-170 

White,  J.  B  57»  59»  i37»  ijS,  216,  217 


ALPHABETICAL  SUBJECT  INDEX 


Addresses  of: 

Bronson,  Leonard  29-52 

Ourpenter,  a  J  150-157 

Carrier,  "R,  M.   67 

Cline,  McGarv^  (Paper)  189-199 

Collar,  W.  G  69-72 

Conrad,  J.  B   149 

Cwpety  A.  W  158-159 

Corwin,  Horton,  Jr   121,  139-140 

DeLaney,  W.  E  12,  79-84 

Donovan,  J.  J.  (Paper)  185-188 

Dowmnan,  Robert  H.  (Paper)  157-158 

Gerrans,  A.  T  68,  118-120 

Gilchrist,  W.  A  183-185 

Goss,  Kev.  Charles  F.  (Invocation)   11 

Griggs,  Everett  G  18,  18-28,  160-164,  216 

Holt,  George  H  171-182 

Keith,  Charles  S  85  117 

Kellogg,  R.  8  127-136 

Long,  Robert  A  218-219 

Neteon,  M.  B.  (Report)  72-75 

OdeE,  Bruce  141-148 

Page,  Paul  E.  (Paper)   60-67 

Parker,  F.  E   15 

Ridsdale,  P.  S  200-202 

mdelB,  Charles  P   13 

Smith,  George  K  52-54 

Sterling,  E.  A  204-206 

Teal,  Joseph  N.  (Report)  122-126 

Wendling,  George  X.  (Paper)  164-170 

White,  J.  B  57-59 

Addresses  of  Welcome: 

W.  E.  DeLaney   12 

Charles  P.  Shiels   18 

Addresses  of  Presidents  or  Representatives  of  Affiliated  AasoeiatiinHi: 

Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mill  Association  (Inc.)   149 

Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States  79-84 

Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  141-148 

North  Carolina  Pine  Assoeiation  (Inc.)  139-140 

Northern  Hemlock  &  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  127-136 

Pacific  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association,  Paper  by 

George  X.  WendUng  ~  164-170 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Assoeiation  llKr-158 

West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers '  Assoeiation   160-164 

Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  158-159 

Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association  150-157 

Adjournment    220 

Admw  Conditions  Affecting  the  Lumber  Industry : 

Address  by  S.  J.  Carpenter  150-157 

Cooperation  •   150 

229 


230        National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


PAOB 

Infonnatioii  of  Association  Valuable   157 

Lumber  Manufacture  Unprofitable   152 

Trade  Commission  Advocated   153 

Wasteful  Meiliodi  1S8 

Adrertising— Lumber  Yersus  Its  Siil»titat«i: 

AddreM  of  Manager  Bronson   35 

W.  E.  DeLaney   83 

President  Griggs   27 

IVffeit  Products  ExpofdtioiiSy  ete  49 

Pliper  of  R.  H.  Downman   158 

Report  of  Committee,  A.  T.  Gerrans,  Chairman  118-120 

Amendment  of  Constitution  and  By-Laws  807,  208,  215,216 

AneBdmoit  to  Bhermaa  Anti-Tmit  Law  (Bewliitioii)  109 

American  Forestry  Association; 

Address  by  P.  S.  Ridsdale  200-202 

Beiolution  of  Endorsement   210 

American  Wood  Preservers*  AMoeiation : 

Address  by  E.  A.  Sterling  204-206 

Appointment  of  Committees.    (See  Committee  Appointments.) 
Association  I  Represent  (The)  ; 

Address  by  W.  E.  DeLaney  794B4 

Att«idaBce  at  Convention  223-225 

Attendance  of  Delegates  220-222 

Auditing  Committee: 

Barber,  James  T.  (Resolution)  ,  2J2 

Blue  Book  of  National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Oiredit  Corporation  27,  53 

Board  of  Governors: 

Election  of  •  214,  215 

Meetings   •  •  *  tl 

Box  Classification...  Jj> 

Bulletin  of  Association  •  

Bnresn  of  Corporatioiis'  Investigation  and  Report,  ete.: 

AddnSB  of  Manager  Bronson   46 

President  Griggs  

Charles  S.  Keith  W 

Uort  to  Seeore  Beport   21 

By-Prodoets  

Canadian  Reciprocity: 

Address  of  Manager  Bronson     J  J 

S.  J.  Carpenter   l^* 

President  Griggs   21 

CSassification  of  Boxes:  njfK 
Report  of  Committee  .»n-#o 

CSassiieation  of  Lumber  

Combinations,  etc.,  in  the  Lumber  Lidnstrj:  ako^ka 

Address  of  S.  J.  Carpenter  ViW  ii*  11? 

Charles  S.  Keith  IW,  IJJ 

Resolutions  on  Am«idm«Bt  to  Stwrman  Law  w 

Oom^tee  Appointments: 

Auditing   22 

Credentials  "*'* 

Nominating  '  ' ka 

OAeers'  BeeonuMndations  •   ^ 

Resolutions  •  •  •  "  * '  *  \ 

Committee  Btports.   (See  Reports  of  Committees.) 


Ai^HABsncAL  Subject  Index 


231 


PAGE 

Concentration  and  Milling-in-Transit  Rates  69-72 

Resolution   

GonservaUon  Committee  Report  

Conservation  of  the  Forests.    (See  Forest  Conservation.) 

Constitution  and  By-Laws  Amendment  207,  208,  215,  216 

Consular  and  Diplomatic  Service  of  the  United  States  (Resolution)  210 

Oodpetation: 

Address  of  S.  J.  Carpenter   150 

Horton  Corwin,  Jr  139-140 

W.  E.  DeLaney   83 

President  Griggs    163 

F.  E.  Parker   15 

With  the  Forest  Service  26,  41 

With  the  National  Wholesale  Lumber  Dealers*  Association   15 

Correspondence  with  the  President  21,  46,  49 

Gredmilials'  Oommittee:  ^ 

AppoiM   ^ 

Report   214 

Cut-over  Land  Problems:  ••^  ,00 

Address  of  J.  J.  Donovan  185-188 

Presidoit  Griggs   25 

Beport  of  Conservation  Committee   w 

I>efilM»gh  Memorial  *oaA_ooo 

Ddegale  Att«idance  at  Convention  220-222 

Dmb^MBt  of  Cut-Over  Lands.   (See  Cot-Over  Land  Problems.) 

Election  of  Officers  ••••  213 

Eleetion  of  Board  of  Governors  »*» 

bments  That  Make  a  Successful  Association: 

Address  by  Bruce  OdeU   \S 

Committee  Work    **' 

Concentrating  Energies    jjo 

Economies  in  Manufaeture  •  •  •  \li 

Marketing   ^*^» 

Methods  of  Securing  Benefits   1*1 

Organization  and  Purposes   f*^ 

Persimal  Xnterest    \^ 

Statistics   

Value  of  Meetings   /«  *  *  W       ' '  L*  'r*LL 

Employers'  Liability  and  Workmen's  Compensation.    (See  WorinMtt's  compen- 
sation.) 

Ethies  of  the  Lumber  Trade  

Bidiibits  of  Forest  Prodnets:  ^ 

Annual  Shows   * ^ 

San  Francisco  Exposition  

Hie  Hanrd  Attack  on  Lumber:  171  ift2 

Address  by  George  H.  Holt   171 

Elimination  of  Fire  Waste  

Menace  to  Lumber  i"       "  V  m * i7?i 

Motives  of  Insunmee  Companies  Ooneealed  

Reforms   *  *  * " 

Statistics   j^g2 


Summary   109  1  fit; 

ress  of  W.  A.  Gilchrist  

Attaeks  by  Insurance  Companies   :J°^ 


Fireproofing  Forest  Products   J?Z 

Report  of  an  Association  Committee  

Fireproo&ig  Forest  Products: 


2$$  NATiaNAL  LUMBBR  MANUFACTURERS*  ASSOCIATION 


PAGE 

Address  by  W.  A.  Gilcbritt  ;  183-185 

E.  A.  Sterling   205 

Tint  Setsion    H 

Floods  in  Mississippi  Biw  mad  Tribataricfl  (BaioliitioB)   209 

Forest  Conservation   ^  92,  152,  153 

American  Forestry  Association  200-202 

By-products    192 

Cut-over  lAnd  D«vdopm«Dt   58 

Forest  Fire  Preventioii  and  Ckmtrol  ,   25 

Loss  by  Fires  201,  202 

Besolution    59 

Beport  of  Conservation  Committee  57-(S9 

Taxation  of  Timber  58,  188 

Forest  Products  Exposition: 

Proposed  Exhibit  at  San  Francisco  in  1915.   49 

Propoaed  Annual  Shawm   50 

Vormt  Senriee: 

Cooperation  wilh  . . .  ^  26,  41 

Laboratory    42 

Publication  on  Tendencies  in  Forest  Utilization   42 

freight  Bates  on  Lumber  80,67 

Oeorgia  Florida  Saw  Mill  Association: 

Remarks  by  President  Conrad   149 

Gilchrist,  Frank  W.,  and  Associates  (Besolution)   212 

GmdiBg  and  Inspeetioii.   (See  InspeetioB.) 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  tt0  U.  Gl: 

Address  by  President  DeLaney. . . . ,  79-84 

Hines,  Edward,   (Besolution)  212 

ladiiatrial  Woitei  of  the  Wcnrld  22,  48 

Insects  Tnjurioni  to  Forests  and  AgrienltiirB   26 

Besolution   ,   210 

Inspection  and  grading: 

Address  of  S.  J.  Carpenter   155 

B.  H.  Downman   158 

President  Griggs   161 

Insurance  of  Standing  Timber   45 

Insnranee  Companias'^  Attadc  on  Lumber  171-185 

Insurance  Organizations  in  Lumber  Indnstry  162 

Inter- Association  Belations: 

Address  of  F.  E.  Parker  *   15 

Investment  in  Lumber  Manufacture  22,  112,  113,  114 

Invitatioa  to  Hold  Next  Annual  Meeting  in  St.  Louis   56 

Invocation   .'   11 

Labor  Problems   22,  43,  151 

Logsed-Off  Lands.    (See  Cut-over  Lands.) 
Lumbar  Priees: 

Address  by  B.  S.  Kellogg   127-136 

Average  Prices  for  Ten  Years   128 

Average  Mill  Values  Compared   129 

Average  Prices  of  Turn  Commodities  129,  180 

Cost  of  Production  and  SelUng  Prices   134 

Public  Utilities  135 

Trusts  131,  132 

Lumber  Tariff  r  21,  39,  158 

Lmaber  Tniil: 

Address  of  Manager  Bronson  *  47,  48,  49 

President  Griggs   21 

Charles  S.  Keith  85-117 

B.  S.  KeBogg  ...181,  m 


Alphabetical  Subject  Index 


233 


PAGE 

Bureau  of  Corporations'  Beport,  etc  47,  91 

World  Today  Articles   49 

Lumbermen  (The)  and  Wood- Using  Industries: 

Address  by  MeOarvey  CKne  189-199 

By-products    192 

Distribution  of  Lumber  Cut  ;  189,  194,  195,  196 

Distribution  of  Lumber  by  Species   197 

Lumber  Consnmed  by  Boxes  and  Crates   190 

Building  Trades    190 

Car  Construction   190,  191 

Furniture  191 

Magnitude  of  the  Lumber  Industry   80 

Ibnager's  Office   19 

Manager's  Report   29-61 

Memorial  to  J.  E.  Defebaugh   76 

Men  or  Trees?    The  Problem  of  Our  Logged-Off  Lands: 

Paper  by  J.  J.  Donovan  185-188 

Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association: 

Address  by  Representative  Bruce  Odell  141-148 

Milling-in- Transit  and  Concentration  Rates  .69-72 

Besohition   211 

Mississippi  River  Floods  (Resolution)  •  2W 

National  Classification  Committee: 

Report  of  Special  Committee  72-75 

National  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States: 

Address  of  President  Griggs   28 

BqK>rt  of  Horton  Corwin,  Jr   121 

Report  of  Joseph  N.  Teal  122-126 

Besolution   211 

National  Lnmber  Manufactmrera'  Credit  Corporation    27,  88 

National  Wholesale  Lumber  Dealers*  Association: 

Address  by  President  F.  E.  Parker   15 

Nominating  Committee: 

Appointed   55 

Report   

North  Carolina  Pine  Association  (Inc.)  : 

Address  by  President  Corwin  139-140 

Northern  Hemlock  ft  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association: 

Address  by  Secretary  Kellogg  127-136 

Officers'  Reports.    (See  Reports  of  Officers.) 

Officers  Elected    213 

Organization:  t  tan 

West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association  18,  160 

Pacific  Coast  Sugar  &  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association : 

Paper  by  President  Wendling  164-170 

Panama  Canal  Tolls,  etc  ^» 

Resolution   ■^■■^  209 

Preservative  Treatment  of  Wood  204-206 

President's  Address  l^'^S 

Prices  of: 

Fkrm  Commodities  100,  101,  129 

Lumber  97,  101,  102,  107,  108,  128,  129,  132 

Thnber   }22 

Publicity  (Also  See  Advertising)  .37,  160 

Railroad  Matters: 

Address  of  Manager  Bronson   81 

President  Griggs   51 

Box  Classification   72-75 

Concentration  and  Milling-in-Transit  Rates  09-72 


aj4        National  LuMnw  Manufactuebbs'  Assooation 


Oomitnietioii  of  Cars  and  Koad  97  9g  99 

Freight  Bates   ............!  .20*  57 

Weighing  Methods,  BdonM,  etc  !..!!!!*.!  !67!  68 

Beciprocity  Bill  ,  •  39  153 

Bedwood  Manufacturers'  Association  . .  *  215 

Btforwtotioii      Igg 

Beports  of  Coinmilteet: 

Advertising   118-120 

Auditing  ...206-207 

Boat  Claasifleation   72.75 

Cioiiservation   !!!!57-59 

Credentials    214 

Employers'  Liability  and  Workmen's  Compensation  60-67 

Memorial  to  J.  E.  Defebaugh   75 

Nominating  213 

S^lroad   68,  69-72 

Resolutions   200-213 

Standardization   31 

Reports  of  OflieerB: 

Manager  Bronmn  29-51 

President  Origgs  18-28 

Secretary  Smith  52-54 

Treasurer  Freeman   136 

Bepresentatimi  of  Aflsoeiatkm  at  GoiiTeiitions,  ete   80 

Beiolutions : 

Amendment  to  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Law   209 

American  Forestry  Association  210 

James  T.  Barber  and  Associates  812 

Box  Classification    76 

Concentration  and  Milling-in-Traasit  Bates.   211 

Conservation  Committee     59 

Death  of  Eugene  Shaw   66 

Frank  W.  Gilehrist  and  Associates  212 

Edward  Hines  212 

Importation  of  Injurious  Insects   210 

Mississippi  Biver  Floods   209 

National  Chamber  of  Commeree  811 

Panama  Canal  Legislation  809 

Railroad  Weighing  Methods   68 

Thanks  to  Lumber  Trade  Papers   213 

Thanks  to  Manorial  Chnmnittee       213 

Thanks  to  Officers  and  Ckmunittees   212 

United  States  Consular  and  Diplonatie  Sendee  810 

Besolutions  Committee: 

Appointed    55 

Boport  809-813 

Response  to  AddrtiBss  of  Weleonie   13 

Boll  Call    16 

Seeond  Session    79 

Sessions  of  the  Convention: 

First   11 

Second  *   79 

Third   ...150 

Seeretarj's  Beport    52-54 

Shaw,  Eugene,  Besolntioa  on  Death  of   55 

Sherman  Anti-Trust  Law  (Proposed  Amendment)  ,  209 

Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association: 

Paper  by  B.  H.  Downman  157-158 

8taadardlsatl<m  in  Lumber  Maanfaetore: 


Alphabetical  Subject  Index  335 

Address  of  Manager  Bronsoa   31 

S.  J.  Carpenter   154 

B.  H.  Downman   158 

Preddent  Griggs      28 

E.  A.  Sterling   204 

Report  of  Committee  '.   31 

Statistics : 

Bniiding  Oonstmetion  97,  98,  99 

Oosts  and  Selling  Prices  of  Lumber  108,  109,  110 

Ckmsumption  of  Lumber  by  Box  Industry   190 

Building  Trades    190 

Car  Construction   190,  191 

Furniture   191 

Distribution  of  Lumber  Product   189 

Distribution  of  Lumber  by  Species   ^   197 

Farm  Yields  Per  Acre   131 

Fire  Insoranee  177 

Investment  and  Income  110,  112,  113,  114 

Lumber  Cut  and  Shipments   53 

Lumber  Stocks  on  Hand  53,  106 

Mill  Values  of  Lumber   129 

National  Association  Figures  20,  34,  52 

Per  Capita  Lumber  Consumption  86,  87 

Prices  of  Farm  Commodities  100,  101,  129,  130 

Prices  of  Lumber  90,  97,  100,  101,  103,  104,  105,  107,  108,  127,  136 

Prices  of  Timber  89,  90,  100 

Production  of  Lumber,  Lath  and  Shingles   18 

Production  of  Lumber   105 

Railroad  Construction,  etc  97,  98,  99 

Timber  Orowth,  Consumption  and  Loss      Fire  201,  202 

Timber  Area   202 

Wood  Preserving    204 

Yellow  Pine  Timber  and  Lumber  Prices,  Productioi^,  Consumption,  Sup- 
ply, etc.,  etc  85-117 

Substitutes  for  Wood.    (See  Advwtising.) 

Tariff  on  Lumber  21,  39,  153 

Taxation  of  Timber  58,  188 

Tendencies  in  Forest  Utilization   42 

i.oird  Session    ISO 

Traveling  by  the  Manager   29 

Treasurer  *s  Report  136 

Trusts,  Combinations,  etc.    (See  Lumber  Trust.) 

Trust  (The)  Question  as  Belating  to  the  Lumber  Industry: 

Address  by  Charles  S.  Keith  85-117 

Building  Construction  Statistics  97,  99 

Comparative  Costs  and  Bealization  112,  113,  114 

Competitive  Conditions  95,  97 

Consumption  of  Lumber   86 

Costs  of  Production  of  Yellow  Pine  Lomber  109,  110,  111 

Decreasing  Timber  Supply   94 

Estimated  Standing  Timber  in  Louisiana   91 

Estimated  Supply  of  Yellow  Pine  Timber  in  the  Sooth  92,  93,  94 

Farm  Products  and  Yellow  Pine  Priees  Ccmipued.  101,  102 

Fluctuations  in  Yellow  Pine  Prices  97,  107,  108 

Investment  Beturn   112,  113,  114 

InToiee  and  Order  Priees  of  Lumbar  103,  104,  105 

Low  C^ade  Lumber  Production   110 

P^r  Cspita  Consumption  of  Lumber  86,  87 


236 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 


Prices  of  Yellow  Pine  Timberland  89,  90 

Prices  of  Yellow  Pine  Lumber  89,  90,  97,  100,  101 

Production  of  Different  Woods  87,  88,  95 

Bailroad  CoBStmetion   97,  98,  99 

Belatiye  Values  of  VarioiiB  Commodities  Gompaied  100,  101,  102 

Summary  114,  115,  116 

Trade  Agreements  115,  116,  117 

Total  Prodnet  Compared  to  Total  Y.  P.  Product  105 

Uniform  Sizes  in  Lumber  Manufacture.    (See  Standardization.) 

United  States  Consular  and  Diplomatic  Service  (Resolution)   210 

Utilization  and  Prevention  of  Waste.    (See  Waste.) 

Washington  Workmen's  Compensation  Act.    (See  Workmen's  Compensation.) 
Waste  Si  Lumber  Manufaetm: 

Address  of  S,  J.  Carpenter  152,  153 

W.  E.  DeLaney   82 

President  Griggs    22 

B.  8.  Kellogg    186 

P.  S.  Ridsdale  .  :  202 

Weighing  Methods  of  Railroads: 

Report  of  R.  M.  Carrier   67 

B^rt  of  A.  T.  Gerrans   68 

Statement  of  Joint  Ocmimittee  (Besohition)   68 

Welcoming  Addresses: 

W.  E.  DeLaney   12 

Charles  P.  Shiels  :..  18 

West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Assoeiation: 

Address  by  President  Griggs  160-164 

Organization      18 

Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association: 

Address  Ijj  Senretary  Cooper  158-159 

Wood  Preservation  204-206 

Workmen's  Compensation  and  Employers'  Liability: 

Address  of  Manager  Bronson   33 

President  Griggs   .24 

George  X.  Wendling  .  .164-170 

Report  of  Paul  E.  Page,  Chairman  of  Committee  60-67 

World  Today  Articles  on  Lumber  Trust.   49 

Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association: 

Address  h]r  B.  J.  Carpenter  150-15T 


COMMITTEES  1912 


Conservation 

J,  B.  White,  Chairman  Long  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

R.  A.  Long  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

William  Inrine  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis. 

J.  A.  Freeman  Pasadena,  Cal. 

John  Jm  Kaul  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Advertising  and  Publicity 
Executive 

A.  T.  Geerans,  Chairman  Houma,  La. 

C.  A.  Barton  Memphis,  Tenn. 

George  E.  W.  Lnehnnann  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

J.  B.  White  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

George  S.  Long  T  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Advisory 

Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mill  Association — 

President — J.  B.  Conrad,  Glenwood,  Fla. 

Secretary — E.  C.  Harrell,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States — 

President — W.  E.  DeLaney,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Secretary — Lewis  Doster,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association — 

Presidoit — Charles  A.  Bigelow,  Bay  City,  Mieh. 

Secretary — J.  C.  Knox,  (^dillac,  Mieh. 
North  Carolina  Pine  Association — 

President — Horton  Corwin,  Jr.,  Edenton,  N.  C. 

Seeretary— W.  B.  Boper,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Northern  Hemlock  and  Hardwood  Manufacturers*  Assoeiatioa — 

President — Edward  Hamer,  Chassell,  Mich. 

Secretary — P.  S.  Kellogg,  Wausau,  Wis. 
Northern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association — 

President — ^T.  L.  Shevlin,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Secretary — H.  S.  Childs,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Pacific  Coast  Sugar  and  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association — 

President— George  X.  Wendling,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Secretary — ^B.  W.  Landon,  San  Franeiseo,  Cal. 
Sontiiern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  AflM>eiation — 

President — Frederic  Wilbert,  Plaquemine,  La. 

Secretary — George  E.  Watson,  New  Orleans,  La. 
West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Assoeiation — 

Prasident — E.  G.  Griggs,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Secretary — Thorpe  Babcock,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
Western  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association —  .     .  ,  , 

President— Bay  M.  Hart,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho.;      ;     I  t      \  ; 

Secretary—A.  W.  Cooper,  Spokane,  Warii.  .     \  .*  '.  r 


National  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association 

PAOE 

Prices  of  Yellow  Pine  TimberUuid   89  90 

Prices  of  Yellow  Pine  Lumber  V/Z/wVio,  ©V.  ioo  'lOl 

Production  of  Different  Woods    87  88  95 

Bailroad  Construction  !!!!!!!!!!!!!  97*  98'  99 

Belative  Values  of  Various  Commodities  Compared. ! .     .  !i66.  101  102 

^^^^y    •  ;  U4Cll6;il6 

Trade  Agreements   115 

Total  Product  Compared  to  Total  Y.  P.  Product. *"!*!!...'....:  105 
Uniform  Sins  in  Lumber  Manufacture.    (See  Standardization.) 
United  States  Consular  and  Diplomatic  Service  (Resolution)   210 

Utilization  and  Prevention  of  Waste.    (See  Waste.) 

Washington  Workmen's  Compensation  Act.    (See  Workmen's  Cmnpensation.) 
Waste  in  Lumber  Manufacture: 

Address  of  S.  J.  Carpenter  159  153 

W.  E.  DeLanev  ; 

President  G r iggs  .*].*!!.*.*.*!*  22 

K.  s.  Kellogg  130 

p.  S.  Bidsdale   £02 

Weighing  Methods  of  Railroads: 

Report  of  R.  M.  Carrier  

Report  of  A.  T.  Gerrans  68 

Statement  of  Joint  Ciommittee  (Besolution)                    68 

Welcoming  Addresses: 

W.  E.  DeLaney  ,   12 

Charles  F.  Shiels  ^  1 ! '  18 

West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Assoeiaction : 

Address  by  President  Griggs  160-164 

Organization    jg 

Western  Pine  Manufacturers*  Association: 

Address  hy  Sesretarv  Cooper  158-159 

Wood  Preservation  204-206 

Workmen's  Compensation  and  Employers'  LiabiUty: 

Address  of  Manager  Bronson   33 

Pr^ident  Griggs  '  *  .  24 

George  X.  Wendling  .164-170 

Beport  of  Paul  E.  Page,  Chairman  of  Committee  .60-67 

World  Today  Articles  on  Lumber  Trust  ,  49 

Yellow  Pine  Manufacturers*  Association: 

Address  by  S.  J.  Carpenter  150-157 


COMMITTEES  1912 


Conservatioii 

J.  B.  White,  Chaieman  Long  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

B.  A.  Long  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

William  Irvine  Chippewa  Palls,  Wis. 

J.  A.  Freeman  Pasadena,  Cal. 

John  L.  Kaul  Birmiagliam,  Ala. 

Advertising  and  Publicity 
E«eciitiire 

A.  T.  Oebbans,  Chairman  Houma,  La. 

C.  A.  Barton  Memphis,  Tenn. 

George  E.  W.  Luehnaann  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

J.  B.  White  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

George  8.  Long  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Advisory 

Georgia-Florida  Saw  Mill  Association — 
President— J.  B.  Conrad,  Glenwood,  Fla. 
Secretary—E.  C.  Harrell,  Jaeksonville,  Ha. 
Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United  States — 
President — W.  E.  DeLaney,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Secretary — ^Lewis  Doster,  Cincinnati,  O. 
Michigan  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — Charles  A.  Bigelow,  Bay  City,  Midli. 
Secretary — J.  C.  Knox,  Cadillac,  Mich. 
North  Carolina  Pine  Association — 
President — ^Horton  Corwin,  Jr.,  Edenton,  N.  C. 
Secretary — W.  B.  Eoper,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Northern  Hemlock  and  Hardwood  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — Edward  Hamer,  Chassell,  Mich. 
Secretary— R.  S.  Kellogg,  Wausau,  Wis. 
Northern  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — T.  L.  Shevlin,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Secretary — H.  S.  Childs,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Pacific  Coast  Sugar  and  White  Pine  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — George  X.  Wendling,  San  Ihrancisco,  CaL 
Secretary — R.  W.  Landon,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Southern  Cypress  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — Frederic  Wilbert,  Plaquemine,  La. 
Seeretaiy— George  E.  Watson,  New  Orleans,  Ija. 
West  Coast  Lumber  Manufacturers'  Association — 
President — E.  G.  Griggs,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
Secretary — Thorpe  Bal^ock,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
Western  Pine  Mannfaetnrers'  Association — 
President — ^Bay  M.  Hart,  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho.; 


Secretary— A.  W.  Cooper,  Spokane,  Wash.  : ;  '  •  ; 


238  .  Committees 

Ydlow  Pine  Mannfaeliuren'  Afsodatioii — 

Pre8ideiit--Samuel  J.  Carpenter,  Winnfield,  La. 
Seervtaiy— 0«orge  K.  Smithi  St.  Loniiy  Mo. 

Railroad  and  Transportation 

George  J.  Popi,  Craibman  Stock  Exdiaiife  BUg.,  Chicago,  111. 

H.  H.  Foster  Malvern,  Ark. 

E.  B.  Wright  Boardman,  N.  C. 

E.  W.  McKay  New  Orleans,  La. 

Henry  Ballon  Cadillac,  Mich. 

G.  X.  Wendlinf  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

A.  C.  Dixon  Eugene,  Ore. 

J.  L.  Phillips  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

W.  G.  Collar  Morrill,  Wii. 

W.  B.  fmmmd.,    TowMtfl,  Tmm. 

Standardigatioti 

John  A.  Bbugb,  Chaiiman  .Strader,  La. 

J.  W.  Martin  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

George  W.  Roper  Norfolk,  Va. 

W.  A.  Whitman  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Pred  A.  Diggina  Cadillac,  Mieh. 

&  L.  Wmm.  Newport,  Wash. 

H.  C.  Hornby  Cloquet,  Minn. 

M.  J.  Quinlan  Soperton,  Wis. 

W.  E.  DeLaney  Cincinnati,  O 

Employers'  Liability  and  Workmen's  Compensation 

Charles  S.  Keith,  Chairman  Keith  &  Perry  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Paul  E.  Page  Buckley,  Wash. 

A.  L.  Osbom  Oshkosh,  Wis. 

P.  E.  Waymor  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

P.  B.  Babeoek..  Pitttburgh,  Pa. 

Classification  of  Wooden  Boxes 

M.  B.  Nelson,  OBAlsaiAir  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

G.  X.  Wendling  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

W.  H.  Bissell  Arbor  Vitae,  Wis. 

HoTton  Corwin,  Jr    Btortwi,  N.  C 

L^^lslalivt 

William  B.  Stillwell,  Chaibman  Savannah,  Ga. 

a  I.  Millard    Norfolk,  Va. 

F,  A.  Diffgina  Cadillac,  Mich. 

S.  O.  aSi  ...Seattle!,  Waah. 


14  » 

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